Microstrip Monopole Research Articles

Dual Band Circularly Polarized Monopole Antenna Design for RF Energy Harvesting

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the design of a multiband microstrip monopole antenna with circular polarization and impedance 377 Ω for radio frequency energy harvesting in the CDMA (869–890 MHz) and GSM (935–960 MHz, 1810–1880 MHz) bands. The antenna structure is simulated using electromagnetic software Computer Simulation Technology (CST) transient solver. The parametric study on the antenna dimension is conducted to achieve 10 dB return loss bandwidth and 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth over the desired frequency ranges. The gain of the antenna varies from 3.5–4 dBi over the impedance bandwidth. The experimental results for prototype antenna show well agreement with the simulated results.

Angle of Arrival Measurement Using Multiple Static Monopole Antennas

The angle of arrival (AoA) is an important factor in the localization of a wireless sensor network. This paper deals with AoA measurement using omnidirectional antennas. In our case, microstrip monopole antennas are used, which have radiation patterns with two sharp minimums. Therefore, an algorithm based on an approach where an AoA is obtained along a direction where the measured received strength signal indicator is minimal. Multiple stationary microstrip antennas are placed on a printed circuit board and no moving parts are needed for measurement. In comparison with rotating antennas this simple method has lower resolution. We show that the resolution can be improved using interpolations and approximations. When using the proposed algorithm, the experimental results for the outdoor measurements reached a root-mean-square error of <;10°, and an indoor environment of <;25°.

Design of reconfigurable active integrated microstrip antenna with switchable low‐noise amplifier/power amplifier performances for wireless local area network and WiMAX applications

A novel design of reconfigurable monopole microstrip active integrated antenna (AIA) for wireless local area network (WLAN) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) applications is presented and discussed in this study. The primary designed reconfigurable passive antenna is capable of supporting switchable single/dual band performances while having a compact dimension of 12 × 18 mm2. The proposed reconfigurable passive antenna is integrated with an interdigital filter and a reconfigurable switchable power/low-noise amplifier (LNA) (power amplifier – PA, LNA) forming a single-port microstrip AIA which can be used as a full-duplex switchable transceiver in which the need for additional filters is eliminated because of its reconfigurable structure. A 2.3–2.56 GHz (WLAN) with 12.3 dB (PA) gain improvement and 3.3–3.59 GHz (WiMAX) with 8.5 dB (LNA) gain improvement are supported at switchable performances of the fabricated reconfigurable AIA. Measured results show that the designed passive and active antennas have proper almost omnidirectional radiation characteristics at their desired operation frequencies which is suitable for WLAN and WiMAX applications.

A novel B-shaped ultrawideband antenna with open slot ground plane

In this article, a novel design of ultrawideband (UWB) microstrip monopole antenna is presented. The proposed design consists of a coplanar wave guide feed, B-shaped radiator, and an open slot ground plane. In this design, the higher resonant and lower resonant bands are mainly excited by B-shaped radiator and open slot ground plane, respectively. The proposed compact antenna shows a measured fractional bandwidth of 124% (2.7–11.5 GHz) which clearly covers entire UWB band defined from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. The antenna has almost constant gain, group delay, and stable radiation pattern over the operating frequency from 2.7 to 11.5 GHz. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1516–1521, 2015

NOVEL COMPACT AND DUAL-BROADBAND MICROSTRIP MIMO ANTENNAS FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONS

Two novel microstrip MIMO antennas have been proposed and presented in this paper. The objective is to design a compact and dual-broadband MIMO antenna module appropriate for many wireless devices including WLAN, LTE and WiMax. The presented MIMO antennas have been analyzed, designed, simulated and investigated using CST MW simulator. They have been fabricated (FR-4 substrate), and their scattering matrices and total efficiencies have been measured. The first MIMO antenna module is composed of four proposed broadband microstrip antennas arranged in two MIMO antenna pairs. The first MIMO pair resonates at 5.2GHz (5.08–5.313 GHz) while the second pair resonates at 5.8GHz (5.643–5.96 GHz). This MIMO antenna has a compact size of 40× 40mm2, dualbroadband, minimum mutual coupling below −25 dB, bandwidth greater than 225MHz and gain of 3.8 dBi. The second MIMO antenna module consists of two proposed and modified dual-broadband microstrip monopole antennas, where, each has a dual resonance at 3.7GHz (3.46–3.94 GHz) and 5.2GHz (4.99–5.41 GHz). This MIMO antenna has an overall compact size of 20 × 50mm2, minimum coupling below −22 dB, bandwidth greater than 425MHz and gain of 2.5 dBi. Good agreement has been achieved between measured and simulated results. The proposed MIMO antennas cover many wireless applications with the following specifications: compact size, dual-broadband, moderate gain, good efficiency and high port-to-port isolation.

Simple, Compact, and Multiband Frequency Selective Surfaces Using Dissimilar Sierpinski Fractal Elements

This paper presents a design methodology for frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) using metallic patches with dissimilar Sierpinski fractal elements. The transmission properties of the spatial filters are investigated for FSS structures composed of two alternately integrated dissimilar Sierpinski fractal elements, corresponding to fractal levelsk=1, 2, and 3. Two FSS prototypes are fabricated and measured in the range from 2 to 12 GHz to validate the proposed fractal designs. The FSSs with dissimilar Sierpinski fractal patch elements are printed on RT/Duroid 6202 high frequency laminate. The experimental characterization of the FSS prototypes is accomplished through two different measurement setups composed of commercial horns and elliptical monopole microstrip antennas. The obtained results confirm the compactness and multiband performance of the proposed FSS geometries, caused by the integration of dissimilar fractal element. In addition, the proposed FSSs exhibited frequency tuning ability on the multiband frequency responses. Agreement between simulated and measured results is reported.

Omnidirectional microstrip monopole antenna design for use in microwave imaging systems

ABSTRACTIn this article, a new design of multiresonance monopole antenna for use in microwave imaging systems is presented. The antenna configuration consists of an ordinary square radiating patch, a feed‐line, and a modified ground plane with rotated E‐shaped slot and conductor‐backed plane structures which provides a wide usable fractional bandwidth of more than 135% (2.9–15 GHz). In the presented design, by cutting a rotated E‐shaped slot and also by embedding an E‐shaped parasitic structure in the ground plane, additional resonances at 10.6 and 14.2 GHz can be achieved. Using these structures, the usable upper frequency of the antenna is extended from 10.3 to 15 GHz. The proposed antenna has a symmetrical structure with ordinary square radiating patch, therefore, displays good omnidirectional radiation patterns even at higher frequencies. The antenna has sufficient and acceptable gain level and also its radiation efficiency is greater than 86% across the entire radiating band. The designed antenna has a small dimension. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:395–401, 2015

Dual‐band frequency‐reconfigurable monopole antenna for WLAN applications

ABSTRACTA frequency‐reconfigurable microstrip monopole antenna for WLAN applications is presented. Based on two side‐by‐side split‐ring (SR) resonators as the primary radiator, the antenna exhibits single or dual frequency operation that is tunable using an integrated switch. The antenna is electrically small, thanks to the SR structure, and exhibits similar radiation patterns for both frequency bands. The return loss and radiation pattern measurements of the fabricated antenna are in very good agreement with simulation results. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:55–58, 2015

Bandwidth enhancement of a planar monopole microstrip patch antenna

This paper presents a simple broadband planar monopole microstrip patch antenna with curved slot and partial ground plane. The proposed antenna is designed and fabricated on commercially available FR4 material with εr = 4.3 and 0.025 loss tangent. Bandwidth enhancement has been achieved by introducing a curved slot in the patch and optimizing the gap between the patch and the partial ground plane and the gap between the curved slot and the edge of the patch. Simulated peak gain of the proposed antenna is 4.8 dB. The impedance bandwidth (defined by 10 dB return loss) of the proposed antenna is 109% (2–6.8 GHz), which shows bandwidth enhancement of 26% as compared with simple monopole antenna. The antenna is useful for 2.4/5.2/5.8-GHz WLAN bands, 2.5/3.5/5.5-GHz WiMAX bands, and other wireless communication services. Measured results show good agreement with the simulated results. The proposed antenna details are described and measured/simulated results are elaborated.

A Compact UWB Monopole Micro-Strip Antenna with a Desirable Band Notch

In this paper, a low-cost compact monopole UWB antenna with variable band notch characteristics is presented. The antenna is complemented on FR4 substrate with the whole size of . And the proposed antenna consists of a radiating patch with two symmetric semiellipse parasitic patches. A U-shaped slot is added to achieve a desired band notch frequency. It is excited by a 50 microstrip-line feed. A partial trapezoid ground plane with two symmetric L-shaped slots and two parasitic patches both can help to obtain higher frequency bandwidth more than 139% (2.8 GHz~15.6 GHz). The substrate with two circular holes can slightly improve the lower frequency characteristic. The simulation of the proposed antenna is achieved by CST Microwave Studio Software.

A novel design of microstrip antenna with reconfigurable band rejection for cognitive radio applications

ABSTRACTThis article discusses the use of compact ultrawideband (UWB) microstrip monopole antenna with reconfigurable band rejection in cognitive radio. Frequency characteristics of the antenna can be reconfigured electronically to have a variable single band‐notched function to block interfering signals from 5 to 6 GHz wireless local area network (WLAN), 5.79–6.40 GHz intelligent transport system (ITS) and 8.02–8.4 GHz international telecommunication union (ITU). Using pairs of C‐shaped and L‐shaped parasitic structures in the ground plane, additional resonances are excited and hence much wider impedance bandwidth can be produced. Using these modified structures, the usable upper frequency of the antenna is extended from 10.4 to 14.5 GHz which provides a wide usable fractional bandwidth of more than 135%. To generate a reconfigurable band‐stop performance, we use three PIN diodes within the embedded structures in the ground plane. By changing the ON/OFF conditions of the PIN diodes, the antenna can be operated as UWB, and is reconfigurable in terms of the ability to selectively have band stops in the WLAN/ITS/ITU bands. The proposed monopole antenna has compact size with simple structure. Good VSWR and radiation pattern characteristics are obtained in the frequency band of interest. Experimental results show that the proposed antenna could be a good candidate for ultrawideband cognitive radio application. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2998–3003, 2014

English

This paper presents the design and development of simple rectangular monopole microstrip antenna (RMA) for wideband operation. The proposed antenna operates from 1.54 to 4.62GHz and gives an impedance bandwidth of 100% which is 32.46 times more than the impedance bandwidth of conventional rectangular microstrip antenna (CRMA). The RMAhas been realized from CRMA by modifying the microstripline feed of CRMA which further simplifies the geometry of RMA. The peak gain of RMAin its operating band is found to be 7.08 dB which is 3.35 times more than the peak gain of CRMA. The antenna characteristics such as return loss, radiation pattern etc. are discussed in this paper. This antenna may find the applications for WLAN and WiMAX.

Extremely UWB/multiresonance monopole antenna with dual band‐notched function

ABSTRACTIn this article, a new design of multiresonance ultrawideband microstrip monopole antenna with dual band‐notched function is presented. The proposed antenna consists of an elliptical ground plane, a tapered microstrip feed‐line, and a circular radiating patch with an arc‐shaped slot and a pair of step‐shaped slits. The measured results reveal that the presented antenna offers a very wide bandwidth which provides a wide usable fractional bandwidth of more than 170% (2.2–28.4) with two notched bands that covering all the 5.2/5.8 GHz wireless local area network, and 4 GHz C‐bands. The designed antenna has small dimensions and is easy to fabricate. Simulated and experimental results for the designed antenna show that the proposed monopole antenna has good radiation behaviour within its operation frequency band. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2628–2630, 2014

Fan‐shaped antenna with triband‐notched characteristic for UWB applications

ABSTRACTIn this article, a novel design of ultrawideband (UWB) microstrip monopole antenna with enhanced bandwidth and triple band‐notched characteristics has been presented. The antenna consists of fan‐shaped radiating patch with a pair of L‐shaped parasitic structure, a feed‐line with an S‐shaped step‐impedance resonator (SIR) slot and modified ground plane with pairs of T‐shaped strips protruded inside the rectangular slots. In the proposed design, by cutting two rectangular slots with pairs of protruded T‐shaped strips in the ground plane, additional resonances are excited and much wider impedance bandwidth can be produced. Using these modified structures, the usable upper frequency of the antenna is extended from 10.3 to 17.4 GHz. To generate a single band‐notched function, we add a pair of L‐shaped parasitic structures to the fan‐shaped radiating patch. Also, by cutting the S‐shaped SIR at the feed line, dual and triple band‐notched properties are achieved. The measured results reveal that the presented dual band‐notched antenna offers a very wide bandwidth from 2.8 to 17.4 GHz, with three notched bands around of 5–6 GHz wireless local area network, 7.25–7.75 GHz downlink of X‐band satellite communication system, and 8.02–8.4 GHz International Telecommunication Union bands. The antenna configuration is simple, easy to fabricate and can be integrated into UWB systems. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2426–2430, 2014

Design and Simulation of Airborne Circular Omni-Directional Slot Antenna

The airborne omni-directional antenna must not only satisfy the indicators of omni-directional horizontal requirements, but also have conformal shape with the surface of airplane. The common monopole antenna and microstrip antenna can not meet the above requirements. Under the background of the airborne antenna miniaturization and conformal demand, this article designs a kind of airborne circular slot antenna. The structure of the antenna is simple, which meets pattern VSWR &lt; 1.4 bandwidth of 350 MHz to 376 MHz and meets pattern VSWR &lt; 2 bandwidth of 338 MHz to 438 MHz .Its maximum gain within the operating frequency range can be 4.205 dB .

Analysis and design of frequency selective surfaces using teragon patch elements for WLAN applications

This paper describes a fractal design methodology for frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) composed of teragon metallic patches on a single-layer fiberglass dielectric. Shapes presented by teragons are exploited to design compact FSSs acting as dual-band band-stop spatial filters. An FSS parametric analysis is performed in terms of the fractal dimension and unit cell size of fractal patches. The transmission properties of the proposed periodic arrays are initially investigated through simulations performed by Ansoft DesignerTM commercial software. To validate the used methodology, three FSS prototypes are selected for fabrication, and one of them is designed to reject wireless local area network signals in the bands of 2.4–2.5 GHz (IEEE 802.11b) and 5.0–6.0 GHz (IEEE 802.11a). Experimental characterization of the FSS prototypes is accomplished through an alternative setup with elliptical monopole microstrip antennas for low-cost FSS measurements. The obtained results point to interesting features for FSS spatial filters: compactness, with high values of frequency compression factor (up to 80.4%); dual polarization; dual-band frequency responses; and stable resonance frequencies at oblique incidence.

Uwb multiresonance antenna with rejection of intelligent transport system band using a cross‐shaped conductor‐backed plane

ABSTRACTThis article presents an ultrawideband (UWB) microstrip monopole antenna with band‐notched function around 5.79–6.40 GHz to avoid any interference from the intelligent transport system (ITS). The proposed antenna consists of an ordinary square radiating patch, a feed‐line and a modified ground plane with pair of rotated H‐shaped slots and cross‐shaped conductor‐backed plane. By cutting a pair of rotated H‐shaped slots, additional resonances at higher frequencies are excited and hence much wider impedance bandwidth can be produced, which provides a wide usable fractional bandwidth of more than 135%. In the proposed design, to generate the ITS band‐stop performance, a cross‐shaped conductor‐backed plane is embedded in the ground plane. The proposed antenna can operate from 3.02 to 16.5 GHz with VSWR &lt; 2 and with a rejection band around 5.79–6.40 GHz. The antenna has an ordinary square radiating patch, therefore, displays a good omnidirectional radiation pattern even at higher frequencies. Simulated and measured results are presented to validate the usefulness of the proposed antenna structure for UWB applications. The proposed monopole antenna configuration is simple, easy to fabricate and has a small size of 12 × 18 × 1.6 m3. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1641–1644, 2014

Experimental characterization of FSS for WLAN applications with low‐cost UWB elliptical microstrip monopole antennas

ABSTRACTIn this work, we propose an elliptical microstrip monopole antenna with ultrawideband (UWB) characteristics to be applied in low cost measurements of frequency selective surfaces (FSSs). The −10‐dB impedance bandwidth of the elliptical antenna is 1.0–13.5 GHz, which is about 172% broader. To demonstrate the antenna application in FSS measurements, we also propose a dual‐band band‐stop FSS with metallic patches based on teragon fractal geometry designed to reject wireless local area network signals. Theoretical analysis of the elliptical monopole and FSS is done using Ansoft HFSS and Ansoft DesignerTM commercial softwares, respectively. Prototypes of designed antenna and FSS were built and measured. Through the use of UWB monopole antennas, we obtained an excellent agreement between simulated and measured FSS transmission coefficients. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1331–1333, 2014

Microstrip monopole antenna with dual band-stop function for ultrawideband applications

In this study, a new design of dual band-notched monopole antenna for ultrawideband (UWB) systems has been presented. The antenna consists of a pair of rotated T-ring strips protruded inside square-ring radiating patch, a feed line, and a ground plane with a pair of rotated E-shaped slot, which provides a wide usable fractional bandwidth of more than 140% with double band-stop performance. By applying the pair of rotated E-shaped slots in the ground plane, a new resonance at higher frequency range (14 GHz) is excited and much wider impedance bandwidth can be produced. In the proposed monopole antenna, to generate a single and dual frequency band-stop performance, we convert the square radiating patch to the square-ring structure with protruded T-ring strips. Simulated and measured results obtained for this antenna show that the proposed antenna offers very wide bandwidth from 2.65 to 15.1 GHz with two notched bands covering all the 5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN, 3.5/5.5 GHz WiMAX, and 4 GHz C bands. Simulated and experimental results obtained for this antenna show that it exhibits good radiation behavior within the UWB frequency range. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:818–822, 2014

Modeling and Simulation of Sierpinski Pentagon Fractal Antennas

Measurements of fractal shaped antennas are not enough to understand their physical behavior and there are antenna characteristics that can not be obtained by present day measurement techniques. Therefore, in the present work, the Ansoft HFSS finite element electromagnetic computer package was used to model, simulate and analyze the Sierpinski pentagon monopole microstrip patch fractal antenna and its complementary. The simulation results for both antennas show good matching with their feeds in the frequency range (2 GHz–12 GHz) and indicate that they can operate in the UMTS (2000 MHz–2200 MHz), Bluetooth (2400 MHz–2480 MHz), WLAN (2.4 GHz) and HIPERLAN (5.2 GHz) bands. Also, the computed results show, in general, good agreement with measured data for the S-parameter and radiation patterns.