Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna Research Articles

Designing a Dual-Feed Circular Polarization Antenna

This paper describes a novel dual-feed circularly polarized antenna, and the dual feeding mode is realized by grooving on the antenna radiator. The antenna utilizes air dielectric material to meet the requirements of low weight and cost. Test results demonstrate that the antenna exhibits capacitive loading between the metal antenna patch and the ground floor, allowing for adjustment of the working frequency of the dual-feed circularly polarized microstrip antenna. Specifically, the original center frequency of 2.264 GHz was reduced to 1.582 GHz, facilitating antenna miniaturization and broad bandwidth. With a return loss (S11) below -10 dB, a bandwidth of 72 MHz (1.552-1.624 GHz) was obtained. Additionally, the dual-feed microstrip antenna incorporates a 90° bridge, resulting in circular polarization gains of 2.26 dBi at 1.561 GHz and 2.45 dBi at 1.575 GHz. Overall, the antenna design offers a large working bandwidth and excellent circular polarization characteristics, making it suitable for a wide range of applications in satellite navigation and positioning terminals.

In-Band RCS Reduction of Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna Array Based on a Novel Feed Network

In-Band RCS Reduction of Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna Array Based on a Novel Feed Network

Broadband Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna With Customized Tilted Beam Based on Index-Modulated Folded Split Ring Resonator

Broadband Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna With Customized Tilted Beam Based on Index-Modulated Folded Split Ring Resonator

Investigation of Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna With Tri-Band Polarization Conversion Metamaterials

Investigation of Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna With Tri-Band Polarization Conversion Metamaterials

Design of a Circularly Polarized Micro-Strip Antenna for Aircraft Tracking Based on BeiDou III Compatible with Multi-Navigation System.

This paper proposed a right-handed circularly polarized (RHCP) micro-strip antenna for multi-navigation system applications. The size of the antenna is 70 mm × 70 mm × 2 mm, which is fabricated on an FR4 substrate. A meandering technique on a patch layer and asymmetrical defected ground structures (DGS) are employed to achieve the purpose of miniaturization and increase the bandwidth of the axial ratio. The prototype of this antenna is fabricated according to simulations where the bandwidth of return loss, bandwidth of axial ratio, and radio pattern are further testified. The bandwidth of return loss (S11) and axial ratio (AR) of the antennas are from 1.540 GHz to 1.612 GHz and 1.554 GHz to 1.601 GHz, which would be available for L1 of GPS, L1 of SBAS, E1 of Galileo as well as B1I and B1C of BDS-3, the last two of which can be used for aircraft tracking. The relative bandwidth is 2.98%, which satisfies the standard of wide-band patch antennas.

Design of Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna with slotted Split ring array for Video Surveillance Applications at C-Band

Design of Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna with slotted Split ring array for Video Surveillance Applications at C-Band

New conception of 3×4 circularly polarized antenna patch network for RF energy harvesting at 2.45 GHz

This paper presents a developed design of a 3×4 circular polarization microstrip antenna patch array whose its resonance frequency is 2.45 GHz in the ISM band. This array is printed on a FR4 substrate of 1.58 mm thickness with a dielectric permittivity of 4.4. The basic antenna patch is a square shape inserted by a rectangular slot inclined positioned diagonally at the center to achieve circular polarization. In addition, a triangular-shaped slit is added at each of the four corners of the patch. The antenna array performance is tested numerically using two different software packages, CST MWS and HFSS. The antenna’s array size is compacted to a 22.7 cm×13.5 cm. The simulated results give good performance results in terms of return loss and gain; directivity is found to be 9.66 dBi at 2.45 GHz; the axial ratio value is 1.69 dB; and total efficiency is about 95.55% at 2.45 GHz. Then, the simulated results obtained by these two programs are in good agreement, which makes this proposed array design very suitable for radio frequency energy harvesting and its various applications to power supply different devices in a clean way for our environment.

A Ku Wideband Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna Array with Low Profile Crossed-Dipole Element

This paper presents a novel Ku wideband circularly polarized (CP) antenna array composed of crossed-dipole element (CDE) and fed through sequential rotation (SR) feeding technique. Unlike the traditional CP-CDE fed by coaxial cable that usually works at low frequencies, the proposed CDE consists of two orthogonal heart-shaped patch dipoles that can work at frequencies as high as Ku-band, at the same time achieving a larger bandwidth. A feeding structure is proposed without welding, so potential errors in the antenna assembly process can be mitigated. A 2 × 2 CP antenna array with wideband SR feeding network is designed based on the CDE to further expand the axial ratio (AR) bandwidth. The designed antenna array is fabricated using the multilayer printed circuit board (PCB) technology and measured in anechoic chamber using the planar near-field measurement facility. The measured results show that −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 44% (11.6–18.15 GHz) along with 3 dB AR bandwidth of 38.7% (12–17.65 GHz) and 3 dB gain bandwidth of 34.6% (12.2–17.3 GHz) as well as 11.02 dBic peak gain have been achieved while maintaining a lower profile.

Dual-Band Circular-Polarized Microstrip Antenna for Ultrawideband Positioning in Smartphones With Flexible Liquid Crystal Polymer Process

This article proposes a dual-band circular-polarized (DBCP) microstrip antenna using flexible liquid crystal polymer (LCP) manufacturing process for ON-smartphone ultrawideband (UWB) positioning application. To achieve dual-band circular polarization in a low profile, the proposed antenna is designed with a cross-slot-loaded patch with four L-shaped feeding probes and a sequential phase feeding network. A circle of capacitive via fence is loaded surrounding the patch for area miniaturization, which is adaptive for the limited space of flexible printed circuit (FPC) in smartphones. Based on the UWB positioning protocol, a three-element antenna array is constructed in a low profile of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.015\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with required isolation of 17 dB. Experimental results show the overlapped bandwidth of the efficiency and the axial ratio (AR) covering the demand bands of 6.30–6.80 and 7.75–8.10 GHz. With the properties of dual wideband operation, circular polarization, and ultralow profile, the proposed antenna exhibits feasible solutions for the UWB positioning application in space-limited smartphones.

A Low Profile Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna with Equilateral Triangular Patch and Parasitic Elements for Dual Application Band

A Low Profile Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna with Equilateral Triangular Patch and Parasitic Elements for Dual Application Band

Simulation and design of the circular polarization microstrip antenna with CSRR metamaterial structure

This paper has discussed the design of a circular polarized microstrip single patch antenna using a complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) placed in the patch section. The design used an epoxy FR4 substrate with a thickness of 1.6 mm. Antenna specifications that resonate at a frequency of 1.57 GHz are very supportive for GPS applications. The design is carried out with the AWR simulator. The implementation of CSSR metamaterial structure in the patch was successful in improving the design performance compared to the design without using CSRR. Based on the simulation results, the minimum return loss is -40.92 dB at a frequency of 1.57 GHz and an axial ratio below 3 is achieved for the frequency range of 1.56 – 1.59 GHz. Reduction of substrate and patch dimensions was achieved by 36.5% and 46.9%, respectively.

High Gain Wideband Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna Array

A wideband high gain circularly polarized microstrip antenna (CP MSA) array is presented in this communication. In the proposed CP MSA array, the elements are designed at 3.5 and 5.8 GHz, which are sequentially rotated to form a planar array. The array elements are fed using the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$TM_{110}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$TM_{210}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> modes of a center CP MSA. This arrangement achieves an axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 63.7% (3.25–6.29 GHz) and improves gain over a wide bandwidth. The peak gain of the array is 17.77 dBic with a 3-dB gain bandwidth of 53.9%. The center MSA of the array is fed using four orthogonal printed L-probes with quadrature phase difference. The proposed CP MSA array has an <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$|S_{11}|\leq -10$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dB bandwidth of 63.3% (3.32–6.4 GHz).

A novel sequential‐phase quad‐feed circularly polarized microstrip antenna for INMARSAT and GPS applications

In this letter, a compact circularly polarized microstrip antenna has been developed with a new type of feed structure. The key feature of the antenna is the integrated design of the quad-feed network coplanar with the driven patch, which makes the antenna simple in structure and has good circular polarization performance. A parasitic patch is used to expand the impedance bandwidth, while a round hole in the center of the driven patch is used to improve impedance matching. In addition, a cavity is utilized to reduce the transverse size of the antenna and improve the front-to-back ratio. The simulation and experimental results show that the VSWR of the antenna is lower than 1.5 and the average gain is higher than 8dBic in the L-band for International Maritime Satellite applications. Due to the centrosymmetric feed configuration, the antenna can also be used as a global positioning system antenna, which requires high stability of the phase center.

A novel wideband circularly-polarized microstrip antenna array based on DGS for wireless power transmission

The requirement for applications operating at a variety of frequencies in a unified wireless device has greatly enhanced in recent years. For this purpose, multi-functional wireless components are essential. This paper presents a new design of a wideband circularly-polarized microstrip antenna array with defected ground structure (DGS). A previous design was introduced which cover the C-band at 5.8 GHz and operates in the industrial scientific medical (ISM) band for wireless communication applications. The proposed antenna has excellent performances which include good input impedance matching with a fed of the circular polarization at 5.8 GHz. The proposed design is validated and optimized by adding a new design of defected ground structure. This aperture geometry enables the antenna to operate in a wideband. The obtained results show that the modified antenna has a good performance in terms of return loss, bandwidth, gain and radiation pattern and demonstrate that the proposed antenna offers a good solution for multi-standard wireless communication applications

High-gain bidirectional radiative circularly polarized antenna based on focusing metasurface

A high-gain bidirectional radiative circular polarization (CP) antenna loaded with a dual-mode focusing metasurface (MS) is proposed. The original microstrip patch antenna consists of two coaxially fed tangential patches with different sizes, enabling CP radiation at 8.15 GHz and 14.8 GHz with the gain of 5.4 dBic and 6.2 dBic, respectively. The unit-cell of the focusing MS is composed of two metallic layers separated by a dielectric substrate based on geometric phase principle, which can independently tailor the focusing effect of transmitted and reflected CP waves at 8.15 GHz and 14.8 GHz, respectively. Then, the high-gain bidirectional radiation antenna can be formed by combining the original CP microstrip antenna and focusing MS. The final designed antenna can achieve a CP radiation converge characteristic in transmission at 8.15 GHz with a peak gain of 15.9dBic, and at 14.8 GHz with a peak gain of 19.4dBic in refection, respectively. In order to verify the feasibility of the proposed design, the bidirectional radiative CP antenna with/without focusing MS were fabricated and measured, and the results are consistent basically with the simulated ones. The proposed bidirectional focusing MS antenna could provide an effective solution for dual-mode radiation and high-rate information transmission of the communication system.

Single-Element and MIMO Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antennas with Negligible Back Radiation for 5G Mid-Band Handsets.

In this paper, single-element and MIMO microstrip antenna with two pairs of unequal slits is proposed as a circularly polarized antenna with negligible back radiation for 5G mid-band handsets. The unequal pairs of slits are engraved on the antenna patch to guarantee the presence of the circular polarization (CP). The proximity-coupled feeding technique is used to excite the proposed microstrip antenna in order to provide larger antenna −10 dB bandwidth which approaches 10.8% (3.48–3.87 GHz). A novel analysis technique is proposed in this paper that demonstrates the 3D axial ratio pattern in order to generate CP in the broadside direction without affecting the structure of the ground plane which ensures weak back radiation. The 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) is found to be equal to 4.1% extended along the range (3.58–3.73 GHz). To make the design more compatible with the 5G mid-band handsets, the 2 × 2 MIMO structure of the proposed antenna with reduced mutual coupling (less than −20 dB) is also presented in this work. The simulation and measured results are in good agreement, and both verify the CP characteristics and the weak back radiation of the proposed antenna.

A Novel Low Axis Ratio Double-Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna

This article presents a dual circular polarization (CP) microstrip antenna, emitting electromagnetic waves above and below the substrate, which is fed by the double L-probe. Selecting the L-probe feed increases the bandwidth of the antenna, and different probes control the rotation of CP. The antenna could radiate two polarized waves of the same amplitude and vertical through two square radiation patches; meanwhile, adjusting the phase difference between both waves to 90° will produce a CP wave in the far-field. The simulation and measurement results show that the antenna is in 4.3–4.8 GHz band with S11&lt;−10 dB, S22&lt;−10 dB, and AR&lt;3 dB. Furthermore, a lower axis ratio could be obtained in this work compared with similar antennas of the same type.

A Low-Profile and High-Aperture-Efficiency Hexagonal Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna Array

In this letter, a high-aperture-efficiency (η <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">AP</sub> ), right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP), sequentially rotated hexagonal microstrip antenna array, working at GPS L1 band, is proposed. The proposed antenna design is placed on the hexagonal top of a floating sensor node for ocean and marine monitoring applications. To use the hexagonal area effectively and maximize the η <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">AP</sub> , CP microstrip antenna elements have been distributed centrosymmetric about the origin on the hexagonal substrate. Typically, the η <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">AP</sub> is enhanced by using thicker substrates, particularly with air gaps. Here, we show a high η <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">AP</sub> on a very low-profile substrate (0.011 λ for the lowest operating frequency) by properly choosing the distance of the antenna elements from the center of the array. The proposed design, based on H-shaped aperture-coupled circular patches, demonstrates a measured gain of 12.4 dBi and an η <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">AP</sub> of 101%, which is one of the highest reported η <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">AP</sub> for one of the lowest profile sequentially rotational array.

Hybrid Perturbations in Stacked Patch–Ring Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antennas for CubeSat Applications

A hybrid perturbation scheme is used in this article to achieve wide axial ratio (AR) bandwidth and beamwidth from circularly polarized (CP) microstrip patch–ring antennas using a single probe feed. Perturbations in the diagonal corners of a square ring and a square patch arranged in a stacked configuration are introduced to achieve the circular polarization. First, an enhanced AR bandwidth is obtained when a combination of a square ring and a square patch with negative perturbations is used as parasitic and driven elements, respectively. Next, circular polarization with wider AR bandwidth, wider beamwidth, and lower cross-polarization is obtained when a combination of a driven square patch with positive perturbation and a parasitic square ring with negative perturbations, termed as hybrid perturbations, is used. This antenna has a footprint suitable for small satellite applications (e.g., CubeSats) and its operating frequencies cover the allocated S-band downlink frequencies of NASA Deep Space Network and NASA Near Earth Network.

Bandwidth Enhancement and Circular Polarization Microstrip Antenna Using L Slot and Rectangular Parasitic Stacked

Bandwidth Enhancement and Circular Polarization Microstrip Antenna Using L Slot and Rectangular Parasitic Stacked