Microprocessor Software Research Articles

Development of Flowmeter with IoT Function

Turbine flowmeters are now widely used as sensors in existing flow monitoring scenarios, but their traditional induction coils are susceptible to electromagnetic interference. The process of configuring, calibrating, etc. is complicated. And the interface of existing flowmeter is relatively single. Regarding these issues above, this paper develops a new type of turbine flowmeter with Internet functions replaces the traditional induction coil with AMR components, designs its preamplifier module, develops the microprocessor software functions for the secondary instrument, integrates a variety of industrial wired/wireless flexible communication interfaces in the flowmeter secondary instrument, and uses ZigBee technology to perform node networking, ID setting and routing to construct the IoT architecture of flowmeter. This intelligent flowmeter sensor can be applied to the fields of chemical industry, metallurgy and so on, which can greatly help solve the problems of current flowmeter configuration and network access difficulties, meeting the urgent needs of intelligent manufacturing.

Идентификация математической модели электромеханической системы

The article considers application of real interpolation method for identifying a linear dynamic system (specifically, an electromechanical system) which allows the system transfer function to be identified from the system unsteady motion transients. In so doing, the test signals presented in the form of readout arrays in the time domain are approximated, and the transfer function coefficients are calculated at real points (interpolation nodes). The identification method mathematical description is presented which consists in calculating the test signals convolution and weight functions and involves solution of a system of linear algebraic equations. The time transformation of test signals is used to bring their duration to the normalized time. By using this approach, the most significant coefficients of the identified transfer function that have a significant effect on the system dynamic behavior are determined, as well as the least significant coefficients which can be excluded from the mathematical model for simplifying it. The requirements for test signals, for the quantization of representing them in the time domain and for the interpolation nodes are specified. A software for implementing the identification method has been developed in the Matlab system environment which can be used in research applications on a personal computer or in microprocessor control systems. The possibility of implementing the real interpolation method by means of microprocessor software and hardware facilities is pointed out. To this end, an experimental electric drive control system has been develope, which involves means for generating reference signals, for measuring test signals and for carrying out computations according to the identification method. The software for performing identification tasks has been developed using model-oriented programming techniques and integrated in the electric drive control system software. The study activities included model and full-scale experiments on identifying the electromechanical system elements.

Разработка автономного устройства длительного ЭКГ-мониторирования

According to World Health Organization (WHO), diseases of the cardiovascular system are the most important factor that reduces the average life expectancy of a person. Many diseases are curable or controlled if diagnosed in a timely manner. The article is devoted to the development of an autonomous wearable device for long-term ECG monitoring. The need for prolonged ECG monitoring is due to the inability to detect certain cardiac diseases, in particular certain types of arrhythmia, during the standard daily (24–48 h) Holter monitoring. The main aspects of development are considered, the key components of the device are described and the electronic components base is proposed, the algorithm of the microprocessor software is also described. Technical requirements for the design of the device were established based on possible use cases and wishes from cardiologists. The obtained prototype has been approved, technical developments can be used in mass production.

Horizontal Directional Drilling-Length Detection Technology While Drilling Based on Bi-Electro-Magnetic Sensing.

The drilling length is an important parameter in the process of horizontal directional drilling (HDD) exploration and recovery, but there has been a lack of accurate, automatically obtained statistics regarding this parameter. Herein, a technique for real-time HDD length detection and a management system based on the electromagnetic detection method with a microprocessor and two magnetoresistive sensors employing the software LabVIEW are proposed. The basic principle is to detect the change in the magnetic-field strength near a current coil while the drill stem and drill-stem joint successively pass through the current coil forward or backward. The detection system consists of a hardware subsystem and a software subsystem. The hardware subsystem employs a single-chip microprocessor as the main controller. A current coil is installed in front of the clamping unit, and two magneto resistive sensors are installed on the sides of the coil symmetrically and perpendicular to the direction of movement of the drill pipe. Their responses are used to judge whether the drill-stem joint is passing through the clamping unit; then, the order of their responses is used to judge the movement direction. The software subsystem is composed of a visual software running on the host computer and a software running in the slave microprocessor. The host-computer software processes, displays, and saves the drilling-length data, whereas the slave microprocessor software operates the hardware system. A combined test demonstrated the feasibility of the entire drilling-length detection system.

Switch Module Designed to Meet the EPS Reliability Intelligent Control

This paper considers the design of switch module. It is a key part of intelligent control emergency power supply. The working reliability of the switch module is an important performance index. Firstly, paper according to the characteristics that watchdog microprocessor software vulnerabilities and a control state to maintain after crash recovery, the design software reset and hardware reset propose two solutions. Next, data acquisition and data communications hardware are using photoelectric isolation technology. To achieve true electrical isolation, the system uses three power supply witch are electrically independent. And then, module data communication protocol used MODBUS_RTU, and design force control configuration software debugging interface. Finally, Experimental verification of the software programs and hardware circuit correctness and reliability. Module design reflects the improved anti-jamming capability, while more suitable for general purpose, industrialization and production.

Evaluating Selective Redundancy in Data-Flow Software-Based Techniques

This paper presents an analysis of the efficiency of using selective redundancy applied to registers in software-based techniques. The proposed selective redundancy chooses a set of allocated registers to be duplicated in software in order to provide detection of upsets that occur in the processor hardware and provokes data-flow errors. The selective redundancy is implemented over miniMIPS microprocessor software. A fault injection campaign is performed by injecting single event effect upsets in the miniMIPS hardware. Results show error detection capability, performance degradation and program memory footprint for many case studies. With that, designers can find the best trade-off in using selective redundancy in software.

Design of Parallel Operated Counter based on ARM + FPGA

Aiming to solve the problems of long execution count and low frequency of counter which has been largely used in various electronic facilities and PLCs, unlike traditional design that utilize embedded microprocessor software for count operation, this paper proposed a parallel operated counter based on ARM+FPGA. The FPGA counter module consists of count controller, SDRAM dynamic parameter and soft contact state register, the count controller carries out counter operation for timing unit every 1ms, then results from count operation would be saved in counter parameter list of a dual port RAM, when controller commands need to be executed via ARM, the counter will be used as a regular memory unit for W/R operation, thus no executing time would be spared basically, which can well meet the system requirements where large number of controllers are needed. Simultaneously, principles of system composition, count operation control and count operation flow are all introduced followed by which a field test is also carried out for testament of the designed counter system.

МоделюваннЯ керуючиХ пристроїВ длЯ сенсорниХ безпровідниХ мереЖ ZigBee

Розглянуто програмні засоби для моделювання керуючих пристроїв безпровідних мереж ZigBee на основі 8-бітних мікроконтролерів сімейства 8051. Запропоновано методику відлагодження основних режимів роботи мікроконтролера та периферійних пристроїв в програмному середовищі PROTEUS. Показано особливості використання цього програмного пакету в процесі проектування керуючого пристрою на основі мікроконтролера СС2530

Silicon Is About to Change the World - Again [Point of View

This paper describes several examples of benefits derived from replacing mechanics with power electronics, including SkyTran-a silicon-based transportation system. However, the new power electronics has much wider application than SkyTran alone. Mating diverse distributed power sources to the electric grid is challenging, but SkyTran's power electronics partner, One-Cycle Control, Inc., a spinoff of California Institute of Technology (Caltech) and the University of California, Irvine, has shown how agile power control can help. Interestingly, One-Cycle Control accomplishes this with no digital signal processing or microprocessor software.

Tools galore [FPGA design tools

Microprocessor software developers use a small range of tools, so why is the choice so wide for FPGAs?. This article first outlines the development of microprocessors from much larger computers, and discusses the various software tools available for programming them. It then presents the origins of FPGAs, from a synchronous logic background, and explains the different structure of their tools. The former evolving from a programming background, the latter from a hardware design one.

A fast on-chip profiler memory using a pipelined binary tree

We introduce a novel memory architecture that can count the occurrences of patterns on a system's bus, a task known as profiling. Such profiling can serve a variety of purposes, like detecting a microprocessor's software hot spots or frequently used data values, which can be used to optimize various aspects of the system. The memory, which we call ProMem, is based on a pipelined binary search tree structure, yielding several beneficial features, including nonintrusiveness, accurate counts, excellent size and power efficiency, very fast access times, and the use of standard memories with only simple additional logic. The main limitation is that the set of potential patterns must be preloaded into the memory. We describe the ProMem architecture, and show excellent size and performance advantages compared with content-addressable memory (CAM) based designs.

Developing a hybrid programmable logic controller platform for a flexible manufacturing system

In this article, we present the design and implementation of a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) control platform based on a programmable logic controller (PLC) and a personal computer (PC)-based visual man-machine interface (MMI) and data acquisition (DAS) unit. The key aspect of an FMS is its flexibility to adapt to changes in a demanding process operation. The PLC provides feasible solutions to FMS applications, using PC-based MMI/DAS, whereby PLCs are optimized for executing rapid sequential control strategies. PCs running MMI/DAS front-ends make intuitive operation interfaces, full of powerful graphics and reporting tools. Information from the PC can be distributed through a company's local area network or web using client-server technologies. Currently, with the convergence of underlying microprocessor technology and software programming techniques, many users find that PLCs provide a cost-effective solution to real-time control in small- to medium-sized process plants, especially when combined with supervisory PCs using hybrid systems. The major work of this article demonstrates that PLCs are responsive to rapid and repetitious control tasks, using PCs that present the flow of information automation and accept operator instructions, thereby providing the user a tool to modify and monitor the process as the requirements change.

Developing a Hybrid Programmable Logic Controller Platform for a Flexible Manufacturing System

In this article, we present the design and implementation of a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) control platform based on a programmable logic controller (PLC) and a personal computer (PC)-based visual man-machine interface (MMI) and data acquisition (DAS) unit. The key aspect of an FMS is its flexibility to adapt to changes in a demanding process operation. The PLC provides feasible solutions to FMS applications, using PC-based MMI/DAS, whereby PLCs are optimized for executing rapid sequential control strategies. PCs running MMI/DAS front-ends make intuitive operation interfaces, full of powerful graphics and reporting tools. Information from the PC can be distributed through a company's local area network or web using client-server technologies. Currently, with the convergence of underlying microprocessor technology and software programming techniques, many users find that PLCs provide a cost-effective solution to real-time control in small- to medium-sized process plants, especially when combined with supervisory PCs using hybrid systems. The major work of this article demonstrates that PLCs are responsive to rapid and repetitious control tasks, using PCs that present the flow of information automation and accept operator instructions, thereby providing the user a tool to modify and monitor the process as the requirements change.

Eddy-current inspection of shuttle heat exchanger tube welds : Dodd, C.V.; Scott, G.W.; Chitwood. L.D. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee (United States), DE90001335/GAR, 17 pp. (1989)

The goal of this project was to develop the system necessary to demonstrate in the laboratory that an eddy current system can inspect the tubes and welds described, screening for the existence of flaws equal in size to, or larger than, the target flaw. The laboratory system was to include the probe necessary to traverse the tubing, the electronics to drive (i.e., electrically excite) the probe and receive and process signals from it, a data display, data recording, and playback devices, and microprocessor software or firmware necessary to operate the system.

Investigation into optimising high switching frequency regular sampled PWM control for drives and static power converters

A new high switching frequency regular sampled PWM control technique is presented, which significantly reduces the number of calculations required to generate PWM control in real-time. It is shown that this new PWM technique greatly simplifies the microprocessor software implementation, thereby considerably reducing the on-line computing requirements, and thus allows significantly higher switching frequency PWM to be generated using microprocessor techniques. Moreover, it is confirmed using both simulation and experimental results that this reduction in the computational burden does not significantly increase the harmonic distortion. Finally, it is shown that the new regular sampled PWM technique can be described and generated using both the conventional ‘per-phase’ and ‘space-vector’ techniques.

Regular-sampled harmonic-elimination PWM control of inverter drives

Novel harmonic elimination PWM strategies for drives, uninterruptible power supplies and static power converters have been developed using modified regular-sampling techniques. These new PWM strategies can be generated on-line in real-time using a simple microprocessor software algorithm, without resorting to the usual time consuming off-line mainframe computer harmonic elimination numerical techniques. These new PWM techniques can be used over the complete voltage/frequency range of the drive up to and including the transition from PWM to quasi-square wave operation. Results from an experimental microprocessor controlled PWM inverter drive are presented to demonstrate and confirm the special feature of the new regular-sampled harmonic elimination PWM control strategies. >

Theory and design of a space‐vector modulator for ac‐ac matrix converter

AbstractA new PWM algorithm for AC‐AC matrix converter derived by a vectorial analysis is presented. In addition to the development of the basic principles, the paper includes simulation results that confirm the validity of this analysis. This new Space‐ Vector PWM strategy can be generated on‐line in real time using a simple microprocessor software algorithm which is discussed. The resulting Space‐ Vector PWM is also representing a unified model for Space‐Vector Modulation strategies suitable for the particular situations of either voltage‐ or current‐source inverters or rectifier bridge.

Integrated hardware and software designs in mechatronics laboratory courses

Concurrent design is a concept of engineering design where all aspects of a design problem are considered simultaneously. Mechatronics is a specialization of concurrent design to problems dealing with the integration of mechanical and electrical components into specialized modular devices. This paper illustrates this concept of design through student projects drawn from the files of Mechanical Engineering microprocessor design courses at the Georgia Institute of Technology. The design projects show the integration of mechanical devices, controls concepts, electronic hardware, and microprocessor software using the concurrent design philosophy.

A feedback microprocessor for hadron colliders

A feedback microprocessor has been built for the TEVATRON. It was constructed to be applicable to hadron colliders in general. Its inputs are realtime accelerator measurements, data describing the state of the TEVATRON, and ramp tables. The microprocessor software includes a finite state machine. Each state corresponds to a specific TEVATRON operation and has a state-specific TEVATRON model. Transitions between states are initiated by the global TEVATRON clock. Each state includes a cyclic routine which is called periodically and where all calculations are performed. The output corrections are inserted onto a fast TEVATRON-wide link from which the power supplies will read the realtime corrections. We also store all of the input data and output corrections in a set of buffers which can easily be retrieved for diagnostic analysis. In this paper we will describe this device and its use to control the TEVATRON tunes as well as other possible applications.

Microprocessor Based Design of a Firing Circuit for Three-Phase Thyristor Converter

A microprocessor based firing scheme for adjustable firing angle of thyristors of line commutated converter is presented. A full range control of the firing angle from zero degree to one hundred eighty degree is achieved through microprocessor software. The scheme uses minimum hardware and is capable of controlling the rectifier, inverter as well as ac controller operating with fixed or variable frequency ac supply.