Microprocessor Control Research Articles

ПРЕЦИЗИОННАЯ ЛАБОРАТОРНАЯ ПЕЧЬ ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ НАНОЧАСТИЦ С СИСТЕМОЙ ПРОГРАММНОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ И ОБЛАЧНЫМ МОНИТОРИНГОМ

Introduction: The development of a precision reaction furnace with a microprocessor control system based on an IoT class ESP-8266 microcontroller and a K-type thermocouple is presented. The temperature in the furnace hearth is maintained in the range from 50 to 350 °C with an accuracy of 1%. The temperature compensation of the cold junction of the thermocouple is provided. To improve the contro-accuracy and adjust the controller parameters, a reference mathematical model is used. Methods: a procedure for identifying the parameters of the reference model using the least squares has been developed. Regulator settings eliminate the occurrence of overshoot or fluctuations in the transient. A mode for monitoring the temperature and current power of the heater with visualization and logging of telemetry data to the cloud service (Telegram bot) has been implemented. Results: a mobile application implemented on a smart phone allows you to remotely receive temperature data and control the operating modes of the furnace. The duration of the experiment is actually not limited, the continuous operation of the furnace was tested on an interval of 24 hours. For high temperatures, in order to preserve the crucible, a mode of automatic stepwise heating and cooling is implemented. The furnace allows chemical reactions to be carried out at high temperatures in stabilization or program control modes, including decomposition reactions or the synthesis of nanoparticles from copper and other metals.

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF LOGISTICS ENTERPRISES

The article is devoted to the research of the international logistics activity of enterprises, in particular transport, operating in modern conditions of management. The correlation between marketing and logistics were analyzed. The algorithm of formation of the marketing policy of the enterprise with the purpose of revealing the efficiency of sales is considered, which allows to take into account all stages from the main managerial processes connected with the sale of finished products at the enterprise, starting with the carrying out of situational analysis, and ending with control measures. Were given recommendations on increase of efficiency of activity of the transport enterprise, in particular foreign economic activity. Were described key considerations for strategic management of international activities of logistics enterprises. The methods of fuel consumption control in GPS monitoring systems are analyzed. For example, the transport company have the economic effect of using a highly efficient multifunctional fuel saving device using a high-tech microprocessor control and control, D-power fuel saver. Key words: logistic activity of enterprise, marketing, foreign economic activity, efficiency, strategic management.

Classification of difference-iterative algorithms

This article presents a general classification of difference-iterative algorithms (DIA) which are increasingly being used in microprocessor control systems for industrial, scientific, and technical objects. The classification is based on taking into account the features of the DIA structures (the method of organizing convergence, the order of generating the next increments of iterated quantities, cascading and interaction of several DIA, etc.). The objective of the presented DIA classification is to give microprocessor algorithmic software developers an orientation when choosing known algorithms and prospects when developing new DIA for a specific purpose.

Information Conversion in Measuring Channels with Optoelectronic Sensors.

The purpose of this work is the authors’ attempt to identify the main phases of information transformation in measurement channels on the example of an optical measurement channel with microprocessor control. The authors include such phases: hardware implementation and analytical representation of an optical sensor’s converting functions and a current-to-voltage converter; based on the methods of experimental computer science, the converting functions and sensitivity are deduced, analytical dependences for estimation of a range of measurement are obtained. It is shown that the choice of information transmission type in the microprocessor measuring channel significantly affects the speed of the measuring channel. Based on the uncertainty in the form of entropy before and after measurements, the amount of information for measuring channels with optoelectronic sensors is estimated. The application of the results obtained in the work allows even at the design stage of physical and mathematical modeling to assess the basic static metrological characteristics of measuring channels, aimed at reducing the stage of development and debugging of hardware and software and standardization of their metrological characteristics.

СИСТЕМА УПРАВЛЕНИЯ СИЛОВОЙ УСТАНОВКОЙ МАНЕВРОВОГО ТЕПЛОВОЗА С АЛГОРИТМОМ АВТОМАТИЧЕСКОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ СКОРОСТИ

Work objective is to develop an algorithm for automatic speed regulation and to ensure its integration into the system of adaptive combined control of the power equipment of the locomotive TEM7A. Research methods: methods of the theory of automatic control, modern programming methods, trial trips. Research results and novelty. For the first time, the problem of automatic maintenance of "creeping" train speeds with high accuracy has been solved in the practice of domestic locomotive construction. It is established that the developed algorithm for automatic control of the humping speed and splitting up of shunting locomotive TEM7A allows maintaining a given speed in the range of operating speeds up to 8 km / h. Conclusion. The developed algorithm is integrated into the microprocessor control system of the power equipment of TEM7A shunting locomotive and does not require additional costs when through the locomotive operation. Maintaining a uniform speed of movement can also be used in the mode of manual control of the locomotive by the driver, while the value of the stipulated rate is set by the driver using the display module of the control panel.

ELECTRONIC DEVICE CIRCUITS FOR GENERATION SIGNAL OF INITIAL START OF PROGRAM AND MONITORING OF THE WORK OF A MICROCONTROLLER IN THE AUTONOMOUS SYSTEM OF DATA ANALYSIS FOR NON DESTRUCTIVE CONTROL

The use of microprocessors for processing discrete data and control in automatic control, measurement and control systems allows you to implement complex and optimal algorithms. At the same time, it is necessary to optimize circuit solutions to build these fault-tolerant systems. One of the tasks of the system is uninterrupted operation with little operator intervention or without any outside interference. Due to the complexity of complete testing of systems and the impact on microprocessors of many external factors, there are risks of system malfunction, which leads to failures in data processing. Therefore, it is extremely important to detect the incorrect operation of the microprocessor system and make decisions to correct the situation, and in the future to prevent similar problems.
 A variant of the circuit of the power supply unit to the microcontroller is considered to ensure the safe termination of the program when the system supply voltage is suddenly turned off. The proposed solution allows you to determine the time of power failure and allows you to perform preparatory operations to complete the current transformations, prepare the microcontroller for stop and stop the program. Was presented the circuitry solution for determining the state of the system before starting the program using a memory element on the capacitor, which made it possible to establish the preliminary cause of the initial start of the program. The schematic diagram for store eight bits of discrete data outside the microcontroller is developed. Using of this circuit allow store information about the number of the current state of the program and at the initial start of the program will increase information about causes of reset.
 With using the specified storage method, able to determine the state of the program that failed, and was causing the initial start of the program, and then take this information into account to eliminate such failures. Another circuit also developed to generate the hardware signal of the initial start of the microcontroller program when the USB connector is connected. The scheme provides the ability to prohibit the forming hardware signal. That require during the execution of critical parts of the program.

MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF ADAPTIVE CONTROL OF THE FUNCTIONING OF A TRAFFIC LIGHT AT THE CROSSROADS OF A URBAN TRANSPORTATION NETWORK

The subject of the research is the process of modeling the functioning of a traffic light, providing adaptive control of vehicles at the intersectionsof the city transport network. In the process of functioning of urban transport networks, such phenomena as traffic jams occur, which lead tosignificant economic losses, environmental degradation, frustration of road users and other types of negative impacts. Traffic jams often occur at thenodes of the urban transport network, which are intersections - the places of intersection, abutment or branching of roads of the urban network of thesame level. One of the causes of congestion is the ineffective management of traffic flows at intersections, which is provided by such an element of theintersection as a traffic light. Within the framework of the existing transport network, traffic lights that implement adaptive control with the help ofappropriate local controllers, and more complex system controllers created on their basis, ensuring that the situation in the external environment istaken into account, which is represented by several interconnected intersections, is currently one of the most important directions for solving theproblem of traffic jams. The traffic light flow control function is implemented using a microprocessor controller, which, according to a given algorithm, switches the traffic light colors corresponding to the phases of allowing and prohibiting the movement of the vehicle in the directions of theintersection roads.The article proposes a mathematical model for building an algorithm for the functioning of a microprocessor traffic light controller, whichprovides a prompt and adequate display of situations at intersections. The main features of the model include responsiveness to changes in situations atan intersection by changing the duration of the permissive phase of movement in each cycle of traffic light operation in proportion to the length of thequeue of vehicles in the corresponding direction of travel; adequate display of the external environment by several expressions of Poisson’s law,differing in different values of the parameter, each of which corresponds to a certain daily interval of traffic light functioning; the dynamics of changesin the traffic situation due to a decrease in the number of vehicles in the queue due to the passage of the intersection by vehicles during the green phaseof the traffic light is determined on the basis of expressions that determine the movement of bodies with uniformly accelerated and uniform movement,as well as on the basis of the differential equation of the dynamics of movement of vehicles in one row taking into account the delay caused by thereaction of drivers.

A Novel Fast Hybrid Frequency Domain Approach for Evaluating Harmonic Power Flow in Electricity Networks

Ideally, an AC power supply should constantly provide a perfectly sinusoidal voltage signal at every customer location. Nowadays, many power electronic equipment’s are used in industry in seeking higher system reliability and efficiency and more electronic or microprocessor controllers are used in power system to control AC/DC transmission lines or loads. Moreover, the importance of green energy such as wind and solar is continually growing in our societies not only due to environmental concerns but also to resolve the problem of access to electricity in rural areas. As a result of these issues, power quality problems especially generation of harmonics are on the rise in the distribution network. In electrical power system, harmonics have a number of undesirable effects on power system devices as well as on their operation. It therefore becomes imperative for power system engineers to analyse the penetration of harmonics from the various sources into the network which commonly is known as harmonic power flow evaluation. This paper proposed a novel fast hybrid frequency domain approach (FHA) to evaluate the steady state harmonic power flow with discrete harmonic frequency. The proposed method is applied to IEEE – 14 bus, IEEE New England 39 - bus, IEEE – 57 bus and IEEE 118 - bus power system respectively and compared with Newton – Raphson (NR) load flow method and Fast decoupled load flow method (FDLF) and the results validate the accuracy, robustness and authenticity of the proposed method.

Design of local heterogeneous system control networks of a new generation with the preservation of the optimality of the main topological functionals of the network

The paper discusses On-Board Computing Control Systems (OBCS) in astronautics, avionics, autonomous mobile devices, robotics, weapons control and multi-core microprocessors. This is sort of a “backbone”, which unites many sensors, calculators, control and executive devices. The architecture of these networks was developed some 30-40 years ago. At that time, these systems met the technical conditions in terms of dynamics and reliability. Nowadays, these systems must perform their functions for 10 to 15 years without maintenance. The performance of system networks must be high enough to solve such tasks as monitoring “swarms” that comprise hundreds of objects or work as a “garbage collectors” in space orbits. Nevertheless modern system networks continue to be based on bus or multi-bus architectures. Since these systems are serial for active nodes, a multi-bus solution is a main way to increase the performance of networks by using very high frequencies that amount to 2 ÷ 4 GHz. It’s an extensive path of development, which is problematic. More acceptable would be an intensive path of development, which, in electronics and computer engineering, is associated with the parallelism of task execution. It means that the operating frequencies may not be ultra-high, not exceeding that of modern devices for frequencies of 10 – 600 MHz. However, such devices should work in a parallel mode. The paper proposes a new approach to designing of heterogeneous parallel control system networks, solving parallel tasks, and a conflict-free management of “passive” nodes. To the best of our knowledge, such control system networks are not available as yet.

RELATED REGULATION OF BIOGAS SUPPLIES AND METHANE IN A GAS ENGINE

The results of experimental researches were received on a gas-electric installation with a rated power of 30 kW at 1500 rpm. The spark-ignited petrol drive engine (8-cylinder, 100 mm cylinder diameter, 88 mm stroke) was converted to a pure gas one. The compression ratio of 8.5 did not change. The gas fuel supply system consists of a supply line and an emergency shut-off circuit. The natural gas supply line was connected to the domestic main line through a special gas distributor. On the basis of HEINZMANN components, a system for dosing mixed gas fuel was developed, which, through a microprocessor control unit and an actuator, acted on the throttle valve of the gas mixer. In experimental researches, the composite fuel was a model gas – a mixture of natural and carbon dioxide gases, which was prepared in a zero pressure reducer before the gas mixer. With an increase in the volume fraction of carbon dioxide in the model gas by more than 34 %, a deterioration of the combustion process was observed in the steady state. In the article, based on the analysis of the experimental results of the operation of a piston gas engine on a model gas, an algorithm for the use of associated automatic control of biogas and methane feeds is substantiated. The transition from quantitative to qualitative regulation of the gas-air mixture has been substantiated. To do this, it is necessary to create two automatic control loops for the supply of air and a mixture of natural gas, which are interconnected through an external load. With the developed algorithm, as the load increases, the supply of natural gas increases, and the supply of biogas decreases. With an increase in the load of 75 % or more, a more intensive enrichment of the fuel mixture with natural gas occurs than at low and medium loads. The proposed algorithm for regulating the fuel mixture can be implemented using electromagnetic gas injectors for dosing the components of the composite fuel. Signals from sensors for oxygen and methane content in exhaust gases were selected as corrective links for the coupled control algorithm. Recommendations on the choice of tuning modes for oxygen and methane sensors have been developed.

Improving the Reliability of DC-DC Power Supply by Reserving Feedback Signals

The paper deals with the problem of improving the reliability of DC-DC power supplies with pulse-width modulation. The topicality of the work is related to the importance of power supply issues in modern electronics, since the quality of operation of consumer electrical appliances, including critical ones, directly depends on the serviceability of sources. The object of the study is feedback circuits aimed at stabilization of the parameters of power supply of consumers. Failures of the mentioned feedback circuits most often occurs due to the electronic components degradation under harsh operating conditions as well as under severe mechanical overloads. Such failures are dangerous for uncontrolled increase of power supply output voltage and output current. To avoid this, a new method of reserving voltage feedback signals is presented in the paper which is implemented on the basis of flyback supply topology. Feedback signals are formed from the optocoupler located on the load side and from the auxiliary winding of the power transformer, together forming two independent output voltage control circuits. Only one circuit performs stabilization at any given moment of time. If one of these circuits fails, the second one can simply replace it in its operation. The proposed method does not require any digital signal processing algorithms or microprocessor control modules and can be implemented on the basis of cheap, widely available analog chips that perform pulse-width control of the output voltage. As a result, the problem of sudden feedback loop failure is solved and the reliability of electrical equipment is increased. The validity of the proposed method is confirmed by the results of computer simulation with the use of MatLab-Simulink environment. The obtained results can be used in design of fault-tolerant secondary power supplies that operate in harsh operating conditions.

MICROPROCESSOR CONTROL OF TWO MASS ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEM

All lifting mechanisms operate in a cyclic mode. It is important that these mechanisms operate in a constant mode. The time of their transients is relatively short, due to the fact that the moment of inertia of all working elements with the load reduced to the motor shaft is 8-12% of the moment of inertia of the motor rotor together with the clutch and brake pulley. Dynamic moments in transients are transmitted through kinetic links, significantly loading them. The elements of the transmission device from the engine to the working body and the metal structure are characterized by elasticity and the available backlash in the gears. Control and disturbances in such electromechanical systems cause transients associated with the exchange of energy between its links, create vibrations, reduce the accuracy of installation and quality of operations and cause additional loads in the links of the kinematic circuit. The possibility of microprocessor control of start-up of electromechanical system with backlash with simultaneous restriction at the arising at the same time dynamic loadings in kinematic links is considered. An algorithm and a program for controlling an industrial controller are proposed. The simulation results are given. The purpose of the work is to demonstrate the possibility of microprocessor control of the start of the electromechanical system with backlash, which provides the minimum time of transients and damping of oscillations of the suspended load with simultaneous restriction at the resulting dynamic loads in the kinematic links. The task of this work is to develop a program for an industrial controller in accordance with the control algorithm

APPLICATION OF COMPUTER MODELING IN DISTANCE TRAINING OF CANDIDATES IN THE SPECIALTY BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

This paper shows the benefits and feasibility of using computer modeling to gain practical skills in the development, study and analysis of electrical circuits of diagnostic and physiotherapy equipment, blocks for processing biomedical information, microprocessor control of medical electronics and electrical systems. The paper will present the options for using the NI Multisim software. Applicable for applicants in the specialty 163-Biomedical Engineering for the disciplines "Analog and Digital Circuit Engineering", "Electrical Engineering, Electronics, Microprocessor Engineering", "Electronic, Microprocessor and Computing Devices", but you can also use them for any other specialties with a similar field of study. The main goal is to show the feasibility of using computer modeling in a distance learning environment The specified program allows you to consider and analyze a much larger number of examples from the training course than in the standard form of training. It can also be successfully used as an alternative to the use of expensive equipment. Working with NI Multisim will be discussed in two possible directions: research and direct design. The first category includes impedance diagnostics and the study of the structure and principle of operation of the apparatus for galvanization. The design is considered on the example of a simple wiring diagram for an ultraviolet lantern. Summing up, it should be noted that the use of a virtual platform is more logical from the point of view of the safety of students without experience working with electrical circuit elements, and also carries more creative potential for future specialists.

DEVELOPMENT OF MICROPROCESSOR SYSTEMS CONTROL OF GAS ICE FOR OPERATION WITH LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS

The expediency of converting the transport diesel engines in operation into gas internal combustion engines with spark ignition for operation on liquefied petroleum gas has been substantiated. It is shown that the use of liquefied petroleum gas instead of diesel fuel can reduce the operating costs of vehicles. Multifunctional electronic microprocessor control systems based on Avenir Gaz 37 level “A” and Avenir Gaz 37 level “B” electronic control units have been developed. It is shown that an electronic microprocessor control system with an Avenir Gaz 37 electronic control unit of level "A" allows converting diesel engines into gas internal combustion engines with LPG supply through a gas-air mixer into the intake manifold. The test results showed the high energy and efficient performance of the gas internal combustion engine. The second electronic microprocessor control system with an electronic control unit Avenir Gaz 37 of level "B" allows converting diesel engines into gas internal combustion engines with LPG injection through an accumulative power supply subsystem and multipoint injection of liquefied petroleum gas (Common Rail type) in combination with the use of a contactless electronic subsystem ignition with a movable voltage distributor and a cylinder filling control subsystem with a charge of the working mixture. At the same time, Avenir Gaz 37 "B" ECU with a loaded B1 level software module provides group injection of LPG into the intake manifold and sequential injection with a B2 level software module. The principle of operation of each of the three subsystems, which the D-240-LPG-"B" gas engine is equipped with, is described. The tests carried out on the D-240-LPG-"B" gas engine with the Avenir Gaz 37 "B" control unit confirmed its operability.

Justification of the N eed for Locomotive Diagnostic Systems

In the world and domestic practices of technical maintenance and repair (TMR) of locomotives there exists a tendency for the expanded use of technical diagnostics systems, the transition to predictive repair to reduce the costs of their life cycle. Modern hardware and software tools make it possible to create automated technical diagnostics systems (ATDS) for all types of locomotive equipment but equipping service repair locomotive depots with them requires significant capital costs with an unacceptably long payback period. The objective of the work is to develop a method and a corresponding simulation modelling software program to determine technical and economic feasibility of using certain means of technical diagnostics.Diagnostic systems reduce waiting time for repairs, the volume and cost of scheduled and unscheduled TMR, which makes it possible to reduce the operating fleet of locomotives.In modern economic calculations, to assess the success of an investment project, the indicator «Net present value (NPV)» of the project is used. Based on this principle, in relation to ATDS, a method for determining feasibility of introducing various types of ATDS and the corresponding methodology and software made with the algorithmic language VBA (Visual BASIC for Applications) in the MS Excel environment has been developed.The work carried out simulation modelling for Russian conditions of the payback of main types of diagnostic systems comprising on-board based microprocessor control systems, rheostat testing stations for diesel locomotives, diagnostics of traction motors, etc. The economic feasibility of introducing these systems has been proved. Also, economically inexpedient diagnostic systems have been identified, f o r example, automatic measurement of the profile of a wheel set tire.

SIMULATION OF OPERATION OF THE AUTOMATED SYSTEM OF LOCAL MULTI-CIRCUIT COOLING OF PARTS OF AUTOTRACTOR DIESEL ENGINE

The results present the intermediate stage of the study of the thermal state of individual heat-stressed parts and units of a forced tractor diesel engine in the conditions of their local air cooling (LAC), which is regulated in automatic mode. Possibilities of practical implementation on the basis of microprocessor control systems of multi-circuit local cooling of parts of valve exhaust unit, bearing unit of turbocharger, if necessary, additional air cooling of the upper part of cylinder blocks in the area of cylinder liners are considered and evaluated. The listed parts, as evidenced by the results of many engine tests, differing in the values of the maximum critical temperatures, which in turn depend on the course of heat exchange processes in the corresponding interfaces, nodes. At the same time, in the conditions of operation with the use of the LAC system on the diesel engine there are additional problems associated with the complication of the cooling control algorithm, the need to move to multi-circuit options with their critical temperature values and required cooling air costs. At this stage of the study, a test was performed in the test mode of the algorithm for supply control and shutdown of the coolant supply, the corresponding circuit solutions for its implementation. In the engineless experiment, previously specially designed and thermocoupled units were used, which were heated separately with the set test temperatures, as well as a series-produced unit, which is part of the 4th generation gas cylinder equipment (GCE) of modern engines. The unit consists of four sections with solenoid valves, which dose the gas supply to the injectors according to a given algorithm (Valtek type 30). At the input of the engineless experiment, this unit was used to turn on and off the supply of compressed cooling air in separate circuits (from 2 to 4). The moments of operation of the valves (opening-closing) corresponded to the set test temperatures. In addition to the dynamics of temperature changes at the control points of the research units during the cooling process, the pressure, temperature, and coolant flow rates on individual circuits were also monitored. The conducted engineless experiment confirmed the correctness of the adopted circuit solutions, and also proves the possibility of further application of serial GCE units in LAC systems.

Оптимизация пульсаций момента двигателя в электроприводе с прямым управлением

The article discusses the features of the synthesis of a hybrid method for commutation of a three-phase inverter in a classic version of drives with direct torque control (DTC), which involves the use of relay characteristics in the flux- and torque control blocks. It is proved that the output voltage of a converter based on a B6-inverter formed by only six basic vectors (excluding the zero vector) limits further optimization of flux- and torque ripples in the electrical motors. It has also been proven that with the classical drives with direct torque control, the torque ripples on the motor shaft are indeed higher than in systems with pulse width modulation. An analysis of the method was carried out which could allow reducing the amplitude of the torque ripples when drives with direct torque control are applied for motors supplied with only basic vectors of the inverter due to the modified (hybrid) method of inverter commutation. The conditions under which the hybrid control method of the inverter is really capable of reducing the amplitude of the motor flux- and torque ripples are considered. Based on the analysis of the proposed solution, the law of hybrid control of the inverter is presented by means of the formation of additional vectors of its output voltage via basic vectors of the inverter. The advantages of the method include the simplicity of drive control under development or in the existing drive control system, the implementation of which is carried out exclusively by a software product. With the absence of iterative methods of mathematics, the resources of microprocessor control units are reduced, which makes this method even more attractive in low-budget electrical drives that do not claim to be "high-end" of control blocks. The oscillograms are shown of a flux and current of motor with direct torque control motor application only with six base vectors of the output voltage of a semiconductor inverter and a drive with direct torque control by the hybrid method with additional voltage vectors based on the basic vectors of the inverter.

DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH OF SYNTHESIS TECHNOLOGY CONVERSION OF VEHICLE DIESEL TO GAS ENGINES WITH SPARK IGNITION

The expediency of converting transport diesel engines into gas internal combustion engines with spark ignition has been substantiated. A multifunctional synthesis technology Avenir Gaz has been developed, designed to convert diesel engines of vehicles in operation into spark-ignited gas internal combustion engines operating on a cheaper and environmentally friendly gas fuel - LPG. The synthesis technology is based on three electronic microprocessor control units Avenir Gaz 37 of level "A", Avenir Gaz 37 of level "B" and Avenir Gaz 37 of level "C". It is shown that Avenir Gaz synthesis technology of level "A" allows converting diesel engines into gas internal combustion engines with LPG supply through a gas-air mixer into the intake pipeline, and level “B” provides group or sequential LPG injection by electromagnetic gas nozzles (common rail injection system ) into the intake manifold. Avenir Gaz synthesis technology of level "C" allows the use of an electronic inductive spark ignition system with an immovable voltage distributor (with two-spark or individual ignition coils).

Overview of modern control systems for internal combustion engines

The article provides an overview of modern microprocessor control systems for internal combustion engines, which allow improving the entire complex of design, technological, environmental and operational characteristics of engines due to the wide possibilities of regulating the working process in each cycle of each cylinder. The directions of research and development on the creation of adaptive engines are considered. It is indicated that the main distinguishing feature of engines with a variable workflow of any design scheme is that these adaptability properties are achieved by increasing the number of controlled elements in comparison with existing engines. The article provides an overview of the controlled elements implemented in internal combustion transport engines and discusses the technical solutions that are used by well-known global companies in the field of marine medium-and high-speed engines. The directions in the field of improving computers that control engines are described.

Development of a distributed microprocessor control system for the 6 degree of freedom motion simulator

The article deals with the design issues of a microprocessor control system for the 6 degrees of freedom motion simulator. This motion simulator is a high performance, electro-pneumatic simulator, used for test evaluation of small high dynamic flying objects. With pneumatic actuated yaw and pitch axes and an electric motor on the roll axis, the Motion simulator reproduce, in real-time, the flight motions of the actual object. The presence of a large number of servo drives with different types of executive elements in the Motion simulator required the development of a distributed multiprocessor control system. The equipment of the Motion simulator includes a number of microprocessor control units. Each contains a microprocessor control system with high-performance microcontroller having specialized peripherals, as well as equipped with all the necessary communication interfaces. Control units are maximally unified, which significantly reduces the time of their development and debugging. Due to this, units firmware is mostly identical and uses the same set of libraries.