Microporus Xanthopus Research Articles

Inventory of Macroscopic Fungi in Protected Forest Areas Malaka District Chartery

Mushrooms are eukaryotic organisms with spores, without chlorophyll that reproduce sexually and asexually, mushrooms can be used by humans as food ingredients and ingredients for traditional and modern medicine. The purpose of this study was to determine the type and habitat characteristic of macroscopic fungi conducted in the kateri procted forest area Malaka Regency. Using exploration and identification methods where the plant identification process is a process of matching a plant according to a particular taxonomi on each research transect line. There are 28 species of macroscopic fungi namely Dacrymyces stilatus, Auricularia auricula-judae, Xylaria hypoxylon, Daldinia concentrica, Microporus xanthopus, Earliella scabrosa, Pycnoporus sanguineus, Polyporus alveolaris, Lentinus squarrosulus, Hexagonia tenuis, Trametes pubescens, Tyromyces chioneus, Marasmius oreades, Marasmius haematocephalus, Baespora myosura, Marasmius rotula, Marasmius andorsaceus, Trogia infundibiliformis, Leucocoprinus brebissonii, Lepiota helveola. Agaricus micromegathus, Bolbitius vitelinus, Mycena albicocapilaris, Crepidotus variabilis, Parasola plicatilis, Coprinopsis fragilisimus, Lycoperdon pyriforme, Pleurotus djamor. Divided into 5 Orders namely Dacrymycetales, Auriculariales, Xylariales, Polyporales, Agaricales. And 12 family namely Dacrymycetaceae, Auriculariaceae, Xylariaceae, Polyporaceae, Marasmiaceae, Agaricaceae, Bolbitiaceae, Mycenaceae, Crepidotaceae, Psathyrellaceae, Schizophyllaceae, Pleurotaceae. The most abundant habitat Characteristics were on rotten wood branches as many 9 species, on dead wood stem many as 8 species, in leaf little many as 4 species and in soil with hums many as 7 species.

Jenis-Jenis Basidiomycetes di Kawasan Air Terjun Sando Kota Lubuklinggau

The aim of this research is to determine the types of basidiomycetes in the Sando Waterfall Area, Lubuklinggau City. This type of research is qualitative descriptive research. The research was conducted from September to December 2023 at Sando Waterfall, West Lubuklinggau I District, Lubuklinggau City. The method used in this research is a direct survey in the field by exploring the Sando Waterfall area. Data collection have made a brief description of the species and the habitat in which they were found. Species found are photographed to the identification process and data analysis used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The species found were identified using guidebooks about mushrooms, mushroom identification websites, and journals about mushrooms. Based on the research results, 18 species of macroscopic fungi were found, i.e. Tremidis sp., Polyporus squamosus, Ganoderma lucidum, Trametes lactinea, Armillaria mellea, Ganoderma applanatum, Ceriporus squamosus, Oudemansiella mucida, Microporus xanthopus, Galiella rufa, Trametes ochracea, Trametes gibbosa, Lentinus crinitus, Schizophyllum commune, Auricularia auricula, Phycnosporus sanguineus, Coprinus plicatilis, and Hexagonia tenuis. The habitat of these fungi is most often found in plant litter.

Wild Mushrooms: A Hidden Treasure of Novel Bioactive Compounds.

Secondary metabolites are hidden gems in mushrooms. Understanding these secondary metabolites' biological and pharmacological effects can be aided by identifying them. The purpose of this work was to profile the mycochemical components of the extracts of Auricularia auricula judae, Microporus xanthopus, Termitomyces umkowaani, Trametes elegans, and Trametes versicolor to comprehend their biological and pharmacological capabilities. Mushroom samples were collected from Kenya's Arabuko-Sokoke and Kakamega National Reserved Forests and identified using morphological and molecular techniques. Chloroform, 70% ethanol, and hot water solvents were used to extract the mycochemical components. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze the chloroform, 70% ethanol, and hot water extracts of all the species examined. A total of 51 compounds were isolated from all extracts and classified as carboxylic acids, esters, phenols, fatty acids, alcohol, epoxides, aldehydes, fatty aldehydes, isoprenoid lipids, and steroids. Tetracosamethyl-cyclododecasiloxane (18.90%), oleic acid (72.90%), phenol, 2, 6-bis (1, 1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-, and methylcarbamate (26.56%) were all found in high concentrations in A. auricular judae, M. xanthopus, T. umkowaani, T. elegans, and T. versicolor, respectively. Fatty acids make up the majority of the compounds isolated from the T. elegans chloroform extract and the T. umkowaani 70% ethanol extract, respectively. Particularly, these fatty acids play crucial roles in the anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolemic, anticancer, and antibiofilm formation activities. These bioactive elements indicate that the extracts of five wild mushrooms may be reliable sources of secondary metabolites for therapeutic development. Therefore, additional research is required to comprehend the usefulness of these chemicals in many functional areas and to improve the present understanding of macrofungi.

Phytochemical analysis of Schizophyllum commune Fr. and Microporus xanthopus (Fr.) Kuntze from Phulchowki, central Nepal

Mushrooms are widely known for their therapeutic properties, which can be attributed to the secondary metabolites they produce. This study aims to evaluate different phytochemical constituents of two saprophytic mushrooms, namely Schizophyllum commune Fr and Microporus xanthopus (Fr.) Kuntze, collected from forest around Phulchowki, Lalitpur, Nepal. The total phenolic, flavonoid, vitamin C, β-carotene, and lycopene contents of S. commune were found higher than M. xanthopus (143.21 ± 0.003 vs. 108.45 ± 0.112 mg GAE/100 g; 91.55 ± 0.121 vs. 49.72 ± 0.073 mg QAE/100 g; 26.67 ± 0.015 vs. 3.15 ± 0.170 mg AA/100 g; 0.036 ± 0.001 vs. 0.013 ± 0.002, and 0.026 ± 0.002 vs. 0.01 ± 0.004 mg carotenoid/g; respectively) in the methanolic extracts. This study suggests that these mushrooms might have some medicinal values.

Status of macrofungal diversity in the wet evergreen forests of Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve, Western Ghats, India

Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve is a part of Western Ghats (India), has diverse ecosystems and constitutes an important biogeographical ‘hotspot’ which is well known for its species richness and endemism. Since limited information was available on the mycoflora in this area, a survey was conducted to evaluate the macrofungal diversity in the wet evergreen forests of the Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve. The survey was carried out during the monsoon and post-monsoon seasons of 2021–2022 and revealed the existence of 62 macrofungal species belonging to 43 genera, 24 families, and eight orders. Out of the eight orders, seven orders belong to the division Basidiomycota and the other order Xylariales belongs to Ascomycota. The family Polyporaceae was identified as the dominant family. The survey also noted the presence of saprotrophic and mycorrhizal fungi. Among the identified species, the maximum density was of Panellus pusillus (6.08) followed by Microporus xanthopus (5.38). Microporus xanthopus (82.14%) exhibited the maximum frequency of occurrence and was identified as the most common species. Coprinellus disseminatus was the most abundant species among macrofungi. The assessment of macrofungal diversity using the Shannon biodiversity index resulted in a value of 2.99, indicating a rich and diverse fungal population within the forest. This finding emphasizes the significant role of the forest ecosystem in supporting a wide variety of fungi

Cover Picture and Issue Information

Journal of EcologyVolume 111, Issue 5 p. 967-969 COVER PICTURE AND ISSUE INFORMATIONFree Access Cover Picture and Issue Information First published: 02 May 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13916AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Graphical Abstract Cover image: Fruiting bodies of the fungus Microporus xanthopus sprout from a dead log in the Daintree rainforest of Queensland, Australia, near Cape Tribulation. Fungi are the main drivers of wood decay here, while termites play a secondary role. Photograph by Steven D. Allison. For full details see pages 982–993. Volume111, Issue5May 2023Pages 967-969 RelatedInformation

INVENTORY OF MACROFUNGI DIVERSITY ON THE CANOPY TRACK AND CIPADARANTEN 1 TRACK IN THE PPKA BODOGOL AREA, SUKABUMI, WEST JAVA

The inventory of macrofungi diversity on two routes, namely the Kanopi route and the Cipadaranten 1 route at the Bodogol Nature Conservation and Education Center (PPKA), aims to determine the diversity of macrofungi species that live in the area. The research method used is direct observation in the Canopy and Cipadaranten 1 route areas. With the condition of the trees on both routes which are still quite dense and the soil area is still damp due to the cover of the trees, there is great potential for the growth of various types of macrofungi. The results obtained during research on both routes and identification produced 24 species of macrofungi Microporus sp. 1, Microporus sp. 2, Microporus sp. 3, Trametes sp.1, Lenzites sp, Ganoderma sp., Ganoderma boninense, Trametes sp.2, Microporus xanthopus, Hexagonia sp, Trametes parvispora, Microporus sp. 4, Hygrocybe aurantiosplendens, Hygrocybe sp., Marasmius sp. 1, Collybia aurea, Crepidotus sp., Volvariella sp., Marasmius sp. 2, Lycoperdon sp., Marasmiellus sp. , Coprinus sp. , Stereum sp., Auricularia sp. The results obtained prove that the diversity of macrofungi types on the Kanopi and Cipadaranten 1 routes in PPKA Bodogol, West Java is very diverse and varied.

Biodiversity and Functional Distribution of Macrofungi from Plant Genetic Conservation Area, Chanthaburi Province, Thailand

The aims of this study were to investigate the biodiversity and functional distribution of macrofungi within the Plant Genetic Conservation Area of Rambhai Barni Rajabhat University, Chanthaburi Province, Thailand, and to identify the macrofungi by sequence analysis of their internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. One hundred and eighty-five macrofungi samples were collected from the survey routes in 2021. The macrofungi with different morphologies were selected to perform molecular identification by sequence analysis of ITS. A total of 41 samples of representative macrofungi were classified into 2 phyla, 5 classes, 11 orders, 21 families, and 34 genera. The macrofungi were found to be in the phylum Basidiomycota (35 taxa, 85.4%), the family Polyporaceae (10 taxa, 24.4%), and Microporus xanthopus was the most frequently found species in every month of samples collection. Their role in the ecosystem was saprotroph (40 taxa, 97.6%), symbiotroph (7 taxa, 17.0%), and pathotroph (4 taxa, 9.8%). In addition, there was no published information about the edibility of many of the macrofungi (29 taxa, 70.7%); however, some edible (8 taxa, 19.5%) and poisonous macrofungi (4 taxa, 9.8%) had previously been reported. Interestingly, some macrofungi samples need more investigation for further identification, and additional genes may be required for the study.

Wild Mushrooms: Potential Natural Sources of Antioxidant and Anti-Quorum Sensing Bioactive Compounds for Medical Applications.

This study was aimed at determining the antioxidant, anti-quorum sensing, and in vitro cytotoxic activities of five wild mushroom extracts. Wild mushrooms of Auricularia auricula-judae, Termitomyces umkowaani, Trametes elegans, Trametes versicolor, and Microporus xanthopus were collected from Arabuko-Sokoke and Kakamega National Forests, in Kenya. Specimens were identified and extracted using chloroform (CHL), 70% ethanol (Eth), and hot water (HW) solvents. Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the extracts were determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Vero cell lines, respectively, while anti-quorum sensing activities were tested against Chromobacterium violaceum. All data were compared using relevant descriptive and inferential statistics at a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. A total of 35 wild mushrooms were collected, identified, and classified into 14 genera. Among screened mycochemicals, fatty acids, flavonoids, polyphenols, and saponins were detected at higher concentrations. The highest free radical scavenging activities of A. auricula-judae, T. umkowaani, T. elegans, and T. versicolor were observed in 70% Eth extract with the percentage values of 76.40 ± 0.12%, 68.40 ± 0.01%, 62.40 ± 0.07%, and 66.40 ± 0.04%, respectively, whereas the HW extract of Microporus xanthopus showed free radical scavenging activity at 65.90 ± 0.02%. None of the extracts, at the tested concentrations (up to 1000 µg/mL), had shown cytotoxic activity against the Vero cell line. The HW extract of T. umkowaani and the 70% Eth extract of T. versicolor showed a statistically significant difference in the inhibitory activity of violacein production against C. violaceum at the concentration of 200 µg/mL. The antioxidant activity of wild mushrooms can help to tackle the diseases caused by free radicals. The anti-quorum sensing potential of wild mushrooms could also provide future alternatives to conventional drug therapies cost-effectively. Further detailed chemistry of the bioactive compounds and their possible mechanisms of action responsible for the observed antioxidant and anti-quorum sensing activities are needed.

Some Wild Species of Basidiomycetous Fungi (Polypores & Mushrooms) Found in the Way to Daunne Devi Temple, Daunne, Parasi District, Nepal

The aim of the present study was documentation of some wild species of Basidiomycetous Fungi (Polypores and Mushrooms). The specimens were collected from Daunne Devi temple and its adjoining area, Daunne, Parasi district in October, 2021. Total of 15 species of Basidiomycetous fungi were collected. The identified species represent five orders belonging to seven families and 13 genera. Polyporales was found to be the dominant order in the study area with 8 species which are Daedaleopsis confragosa, Lenzites betulinus, Microporus sp., Microporus xanthopus, Polyporus spp. (2 species), Pycnoporus cinnabarinus, Steccherinum albo-fibrilosa and Trametes versicolor followed by Agaricales belong to the species of Echinoderma asperum and Schizophyllum commune and Hymenochaetales includes Hymenochaete sp. and Phellinus gilvus. Auriculariales and Corticales are represented by single species each.

Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Secondary Metabolites from Microporus xanthopus (Fr.) Kuntze (Polypore) Collected from the Wild in Lagos, Nigeria

The secondary metabolites in medicinal mushrooms are responsible for their activity against infectious diseases, cancer, diabetes, and diseases caused by presence of free radicals in the body. Microporus xanthopus a polypore medicinal mushroom was collected from the wild in Lagos Nigeria and identified using standard manuals and oligosaccharides, polysaccharide and polyphenols extracted from its tissues were investigated for antibacterial and antioxidant activities. M. xanthopus oligosaccharides were extracted with neutral and acid detergents and hydrolysis with concentrated H2SO4. Polysaccharides and polyphenols extracted with hot water and acidified methanol, respectively. Concentrations of oligosaccharides, polysaccharides and polyphenols were determined with the total carbohydrate and total phenolic quantification assay kits, respectively. The antioxidant activities of the extractsnvestigated using the DPPH Radical Scavenging Assay and Trolox Antioxidant Equivalent Capacity (TEAC) Assay in In-Vitro experiments in 96-well microtiter plates. The antibacterial effect of the extracts was determined with broth microdilution assay using human pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli (0157:H7) and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC®700698 (MRSA). Oligosaccharides showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (86%) with half maximal effective (EC50) of 16.46µg/mL. The highest TEAC value (1.18µM TE/g) was recorded in the oligosaccharide extract and the least TEAC value (0.39µM TE/g) was in the polyphenol extract. The most potent antimicrobial agent was the oligosaccharide extract with IC50 of 44.64 µg/mL and 40.08 µg/mL for E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. Oligosaccharide extracts were more active than the polyphenol and polysaccharide extracts. M. xanthopus oligosaccharides can be developed as potential new dietary supplements with antioxidant and antibacterial activities.

Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of wild mushrooms growing in tropical regions

Abstract. Herawati E, Ramadhan R, Ariyani F, Marjenah, Kusuma IW, Suwinarti W, Mardji D, Amirta R, Arung ET. 2021. Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of wild mushrooms growing in tropical regions. Biodiversitas 22: 4716-4721. This study aims to determine the presence of secondary metabolites which generally have bioactivity that is antioxidant with phytochemical tests and antioxidant tests in Auricularia auricula, Schyzophyllum commune, Microporus xanthopus, and Trametes versicolor fungi that grow in the wild. Phytochemical analysis was carried out by testing color changes and modifications, while antioxidant tests were carried out by using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and a DPPH solution (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl). This research found that edible wood fungus that grows, wild such as A. auricula, contains secondary metabolites, namely flavonoids, triterpenoids, saponins, and tannins, but does not contain steroids, alkaloids, carotenoids, or coumarin, while S. commune contains secondary metabolites, namely flavonoids, steroids, tannins, and coumarin, but does not contain triterpenoids, alkaloids, carotenoids, or saponins and non-edible wood fungus, such as M. xanthopus, contains secondary metabolites, namely, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, coumarin, and steroids, but does not contain triterpenoids, alkaloids, or carotenoids, while T. versicolor contains compounds, secondary metabolites, flavonoids, saponin, tannins, coumarin, and triterpenoids, but does not contain steroids, alkaloids, or carotenoids. The antioxidant test results are based on IC50 calculations; it is known that the IC50 value of A. auricula is 499.25 g/mL, while S. commune is 121.37 g/mL, M. xanthopus is 251.20 g/mL, and T. versicolor is 493.04 g/mL. Based on the research results, edible and inedible wood mushroom extracts contain several phytochemicals and show potential for antioxidant activity.

Species Listing of Macrofungi Found in Paracelis Mountain Province, Philippines

Mushrooms are an important natural source of food and medicine. In the Philippines, only a few studies have been conducted on the diversity of mushrooms especially in the mountainous areas. The present study was conducted to document the species of macrofungi found in Paracelis, Mountain Province. The knowledge gained from this study can reveal their importance to the community. A total of 37 macrofungi belonging to 16 families, 26 genera, and 29 species were collected and identified. Twenty nine of the collected macrofungi were identified up to its species level and eight were only identified at its genus level. The collected samples were subjected to morphological identification based on its macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. The identified macrofungi were: Auricularia auricula-judae, Conocybe arrhenii, Coprinellus disseminatus, Coprinus sp., Crepidotus mollis, Daldinia concentrica, Earliella scabrosa, Favolus acervatus, Fomes fomentarium, Ganoderma applanatum, Ganoderma fornicatum, Ganoderma lucidum, Hygrocybe sp., Irpex lacteus, Lentinus strigosus, Lenzites elegans, Lepiota lilacea, Lepiota sp., Marasmiellus ramealis, Microporus xanthopus, Mycena sp., Panellus mitis, Paneolus cyanescens, Parasola plicalitis, Psathyrella candolleana, Psathyrella sp., Russula sp. Schizophyllum commune, Trametes elegans, Trametes gibbosa, Trametes hirsuta, Trametes versicolor, Trametes sp. 1, Trametes sp. 2, and Xylaria papulis. Out of these macrofungi, four species were identified as edible, viz: Auricularia auricula, Lentinus strigosus, Coprinus disseminatu, and Schizophyllum commune.

Macroscopic Fungi Exploration in Batang Gadis National Park Resort 7 Mandailing Natal District, North Sumatra


 Introduction: Macroscopic fungi are simple plants that are often found growing wild in the wild. This study aims to determine the types of macroscopic fungi, to recognize the beneficial and harmful macroscopic fungi in Batang Gadis National Park Resort Area 7.
 Materials and Methods: A descriptive survey method with deliberate sampling using line transects, namely using a plot with a size of 20 m x 20 m as many as 36 plots and the distance of each plot is 10 m.
 Results: Found in 32 types of macroscopic fungi were obtained which belong to 11 families, such as: Polyporaceae, Ganodermatacea, Marasmiaceae, Stereaceae, Hygrophoraceae, Amanitaceae, Tricholomataceae, Russulaceae, Auriculariaceae, Sparassidaceae, and Psathyellaceae. The diversity index (H') of macroscopic fungi was 2.92 (medium). There are three types of macroscopic fungi that are consumed by the human in Sopotinjak Village as food and traditional medicine, and seven types that are not consumed because they contain toxins. There are 22 other species, namely Trametes cimulata, Lentinus tigrinus (Bull) Fr, Polyporus sp., Hygrophorus psittacinus, Trymyces sp., Hygrophorus aurantica (Wulfen), Polyporus sp.2, Collybia sp., Russula sp., Trametes sp.1, Ganoderma sp, Trametes sp.2, Stereum sp., Lignosus rhinocerus, Trametes versicolor (L), Trametes sp.3, Sparasis crispa (Wulfen), Hygrocybe conica (Schaeff), Polyporus sp.3, Trametes sp.4, Stereum hirsutum (Willd) Gray, Microporus xanthopus (Fr) Kuntze, and Tametes sp.5.

Anti-aging and antioxidant of four traditional malaysian plants using simplex centroid mixture design approach.

Aging is a naturally biological process with adverse effects. The continuous accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) trigger cellular and tissue damage by activating several aging enzymes. The antioxidant properties of traditional medicinal plants used by Jakun aborigine’s community are a promising approach to alleviate aging process and prevent Alzheimer. The aim of the current investigation was to optimize a novel anti-aging formulation from traditional plants (Cnestis palala stem, Urceola micrantha stem, Marantodes pumilum stem and Microporus xanthopus fruiting bodies) using simplex centroid mixture design (SCMD). After selecting the optimal formulations based on desirability function of antioxidant activity (DPPḢ, ABTS˙+ and FRAP), they were further examined against the activity of aging-related-enzymes (collagenase, tyrosinase, acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase). The single extracts of C. palala, U. micrantha and the binary mixture of C. palala and U. micrantha were the optimal formulations with high antioxidant activities. Single extract of U. micrantha showed the highest inhibition towards matrix metalloproteinase-1 (49.44 ± 4.11 %), while C. palala water extract showed highest inhibitions towards tyrosinase (14.06 ± 0.31%), acetylcholinesterase (32.92 ± 2.13%) and butyrylcholinesterase (34.89 ± 2.84%) enzymes. The single extracts of C. palala and U. micrantha displayed better activity as compared to the binary mixture formulation. In conclusion, these findings could be a baseline for further exploration of novel anti-aging agents from natural resources.

Первые сведения о деревообитающих грибах (Basidiomycota) архипелага Кондао (южный Вьетнам)

The first data on wood-inhabiting fungi from the oceanic Con Dao Islands are given. Illustrated checklist of fungi collected on the two largest islands of the archipelago Con Son and Bay Canh is provided. The list includes nine species of wood decaying polyporoid and corticioid fungi from eight genera in four families − Antrodiella serpula, Daedaleopsis nitida, Skeletocutis nivea, Cellulariella acuta, Microporus xanthopus, Laetiporus sulphureus, Hymenochaete rubiginosa, Phellinus fastuosus, P. gilvus. Six species are widely distributed from Boreal to Tropic and other three are of tropical and subtropical distribution. The first three species are new for the Vietnam. Both ecological and medicine importance of fungi recorded are discussed.

Foot Print of Macro Fungi in The Coastal Forest of Bama, Baluran National Park, East Java

Baluran National Park, West Java, as one of the conservation sites in Indonesia, has the attraction of the varied types of ecosystems, including fungi. This study aimed to analyze the diversity of fungi in Bama Coastal Forest, Baluran National Park. The method was explorative with plot purposive sampling technique. Parameters in this study include abundance, dominance, and diversity of fungi enriched with physical parameters of humidity and temperature. The fungi were documented and macroscopically observed. Data were analyzed using the abundance index, dominance index, and diversity index. This research identified 18 types of macrofungi in Bama Coastal forest, Baluran National Park East Java including Ganoderma, sp, Hexagonia tenuis, Trametes hirsute, Phellinus sp.1 and sp.2, Ganoderma applanatum, Phellinus igniarius, Pycnoporus cinnabarinus, Daedalea quercina, Tyromyces chioneus, Microporus xanthopus, Calvatia sp., Irpex lacteus, Trichaptum sp., Lentinus sp. Poria corticola, Tyromyces sp., and Lichemomphalia sp. One fungi species (Ganoderma sp.) has the highest abundance index (27.62). The Medium abundance index was found in three species (Hexagonia tenuis, Tyromyces chioneus, Tyromyces sp.) while the rest fungi were in low abundance index. Dominance index of all fungi species identified in Bama was in low category (D<0.5) with medium diversity (2.30). It can be concluded that the diversity of microfungi in the coastal forest of Bama, Baluran National park was a distribution medium of individual of each species and medium community stability. Environmental conditions in the Bama Coast Forest with 93% humidity and an average air temperature of 26-27oC could support for the fungi to grow quite well.

Optimization of high endoglucanase yields production from polypore fungus, Microporus xanthopus strain KA038 under solid-state fermentation using green tea waste.

ABSTRACTPolypores are diverse macrofungi that have been extensively studied for their lignocellulolytic enzyme production capabilities. Currently, these enzymes are being used for many industrial purposes. However, the high cost associated with their production is the main barrier to their broader application. This work aimed to study the optimal medium and conditions for endoglucanase production using solid state fermentation. Seven polypore strains were used for endoglucanase activity screening. The fermentation experiments were carried out in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks with green tea waste as a substrate. Notably, Microporus xanthopus strain KA038 showed the best level of activity (38.62 IU/gds). Various parameters such as moisture content, nitrogen source, initial pH value, inoculum size and incubation time were considered to determine the optimal conditions for endoglucanase production. The optimal medium consisted of green tea leaves as a carbon source, beef extract as an organic nitrogen source, NH4H2PO4 as an inorganic nitrogen source, pH 7.0 and an incubation temperature at 30°C for 4 days resulted in a high enzyme yield with M. xanthopus strain KA038 (81.8 IU/gds).This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.

First person – Kim Anh Nguyen

ABSTRACTFirst Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Biology Open, helping early-career researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Kim Anh Nguyen is first author on ‘Optimization of high endoglucanase yields production from polypore fungus, Microporus xanthopus strain KA038 under solid-state fermentation using green tea waste’, published in BIO. Kim Anh conducted the research described in this article while a master's student in Saisamorn Lumyong's lab at the Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Thailand. She is now a PhD student in the lab of Otakar Strunecky at the Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, The University of South Bohemia, Czech Republic, investigating microbial biotechnology.

INVENTARISASI JAMUR MAKROSKOPIS PADA HABITAT RAWA GAMBUT Di KAWASAN CABANG PANTI TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG PALUNG KALIMANTAN BARAT

This inventory needs to be carried out to determine the types of macroscopic fungi that are found in the Peat Swamp Habitat of the Cabang Panti Gunung Palung National Park. Taking mushroom samples using the Purposive sampling method and roaming method by tracing the path. Identification is carried out based on macroscopic characters. Based on the results of the inventory at the Cabang Panti of Gunung Palung National Park, there were 3 macroscopic fungi from the Order of Agaricales, Auriculariales and Polyporales which which has three species including Auricularia auricula, auricularia delicata, Lichenomphalia sp. and Microporus xanthopus.