Micronutrient Management Research Articles

Productivity Enhancement of Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica L.) through Critical Agronomic Interventions under Southern Agro-Climatic Zone of Andhra Pradesh

A field experiment was conducted during kharif, 2016 and 2017 at S.V. Agricultural College farm, Tirupati to study the influence of spacing, nutrient and weed nutrient management practices on growth and yield of foxtail millet. Significant effects were noticed on growth and yield components viz., plant height, number of panicles m-2, weight of the panicle, grain weight panicle-1, grain and straw yield of foxtail millet. Among different plant geometries tried, closer spacing of 20 cm x10 cm registered taller plants, higher number of panicles m-2, higher grain and straw yield, where as the weight of the panicle, grain weight panicle-1 were found to be highest with 30 cm x10 cm. Among the micronutrient management practices, foliar application of ZnSO4@ 0.5% twice at the time of flowering and at grain filling stage along with 100% RDF registered taller plants as well as higher grain yields.Hand weeding at 20 DAS and 30 DAS outperformed other weed management practices. This was followed by pre-emergence application of butachlor @ 1 kg a.i ha-1 with one hand weeding at 30DAS.The study concluded that the closer spacing of 20cmx 10cm, foliar application of ZnSO4 at the time of flowering and 20 days after flowering along with RDF and hand weeding twice at 20 DAS and 30 DAS resulted in higher productivity of foxtail millet.

Physiological quality and biomass production of Pennisetum glaucum as a function of manganese application

The use of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) for biomass production has increased significantly across much of the Brazilian Midwest. This region is characterized by weathered soils with low pH and low in fertility. Phosphorus and micronutrients are particularly low in these soils. Therefore, studies evaluating the management of micronutrients, especially manganese (Mn), are essential to improve the productivity of pear millet. This study aimed to assess the effect of Mn fertilization on the physiology traits and biomass production of pearl millet. The study was conducted in a greenhouse using a completely randomized design with four replications. Five Mn rates were applied (0 (control), 3, 6, 9, and 12 kg ha−1, as MnO) at planting. Biometric (plant height, stem diameter, and leaf area index) and physiological quality (cholorpyll index, transpiration, photosynthesis, leaf CO2 concentration, and stomatal conductance) were evaluated 30 and 65 days after emergence (DAE). Millet biomass, at harvest, was also evaluated. Pearl millet response to Mn fertilization was significant on measurements taken 65 DAE, with exception of leaf area index. Regardless of time of measurements, applying 6 kg Mn ha−1 provided the best results at the end of the experiments. Increased Mn rates, above 6 kg ha−1, caused a decrease in the physiological traits of millet but did not affect the biomass production. Moreover, greater Mn utilization efficiency by plants was found at the 6 kg ha−1 Mn rate, suggesting that this is the recommended rate for improving biomass production of pear millet grown under similar soil and weather conditions.

Predictive mapping of soil copper for site-specific micronutrient management using GIS-based sequential Gaussian simulation

Given that soil properties including micronutrient contents vary in space and time, geospatial mapping is necessary for robust site-specific management planning. Kriging interpolation is often used in GIS environments for mapping, but it has inherent limitation of having a smooth effects. In this study, sequential Gaussian simulation (SGS) was used to map the spatial distribution of Cu concentration in and model the spatial uncertainties for an arable dryland in central Botswana. The field was divided into 30 parallel lines in an NE–SW orientation. Soil samples were collected at intervals of 25 m on each line; and 35 sampling points were obtained. A total of 1050 soils sampled at a depth of about 20 cm were air dried and analyzed using an Olympus Delta Sigma® portable X-ray fluorescence analyser. The average concentration of Cu (146 mg kg−1) in the Maibele Airstrip of Botswana is higher than the global average copper concentration (30 mg kg−1). Low copper contents were found dotted around the northern and southern edges of the study area, while high content zone is found in the interior. In comparison to kriging interpolation, SGS technique shows better performance. Kriging generally overestimated where lower values are probable and underestimated where higher values are probable. A large portion of the area has Cu content above the critical threshold of 125 mg kg−1. Since total and not plant available Cu were the measured parameter, we recommend that further study in this location should focus on confirming the plant available Cu in the high-risk areas.

Dietary Micronutrient Management to Treat Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Diet-Induced Obese Mice.

Obesity and associated metabolic disturbances, which have been increasing worldwide in recent years, are the consequences of unhealthy diets and physical inactivity and are the main factors underlying non-communicable diseases (NCD). These diseases are now responsible for about three out of five deaths worldwide, and it has been shown that they depend on mitochondrial dysfunction, systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. It was also demonstrated that several nutritional components modulating these processes are able to influence metabolic homeostasis and, consequently, to prevent or delay the onset of NCD. An interesting combination of nutraceutical substances, named DMG-gold, has been shown to promote metabolic and physical wellness. The aim of this research was to investigate the metabolic, inflammatory and oxidative pathways modulated by DMG-gold in an animal model with diet-induced obesity. Our data indicate that DMG-gold decreases the metabolic efficiency and inflammatory state and acts as an antioxidant and detoxifying agent, modulating mitochondrial functions. Therefore, DMG-gold is a promising candidate in the prevention/treatment of NCD.

Micronutrients Concentrations in Leaves of Oil Palm Trees Fertilized with Phosphorus, Potassium, and Magnesium

The management of micronutrients in oil palm trees in the Brazilian Amazon is still underdeveloped; thus, information on plant demands and their interactions with other nutrients is required to create adequate management procedures. The objective this work was to evaluate the effects of phosphate, potassium, and magnesium fertilization on micronutrient concentrations in leaves of oil palm trees. The experiment was carried out in the Brazilian Amazon in a randomized block design in a 4 x 2 x 3 x 2 factorial scheme, using four phosphorus levels, two phosphorus sources (natural phosphate and triple superphosphate), three potassium levels and two magnesium levels. Phosphate fertilization increased the concentrations of boron, chlorine, and iron in leaves, while copper and manganese concentrations in leaves decreased with increased doses of phosphorus. Among the phosphorus sources, triple superphosphate provided higher chlorine concentrations in leaves. Potassium fertilization increased only chlorine concentrations in leaves, while magnesium supply did not alter micronutrient concentrations in leaves. Thus, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are essential to provide adequate micronutrient concentrations in leaves of oil palm trees.

Effects of the Selected Combination of Boron and Zinc in Presence of Different Doses of NPK Fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Okra Seed

The experiment was carried out at the Horticulture Research Centre of the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, during April to September 2013to investigate the effects of boron, zinc, and NPK on the yield and quality of okra seed subjected to improve the micronutrient management practices on quality seed production. There were four levels of boron and zinc (0 kg B + 0 kg Zn/ha, 1.5 kg B + 2.0 kg Zn/ha, 2.0 kg B + 4.0 kg Zn/h and 2.5 kg B + 6.0 kg Zn/ha) and three levels of NPK fertilizers (50% less than the recommended dose of NPK, recommended dose of NPK and 50% more than the recommended dose of NPK). Different selected levels of boron and zinc application separately and in combination with NPK fertilizers influenced the yield and quality of okra seed. Application of 2 kg B/ha and 4 kg Zn/ha in combination with the recommended dose of NPK fertilizers demonstrated the highest seed yield (2.69 t/ha), seed germination (97.00%), seedling vigour index (2845.01) and seed protein content (19.89%) whereas the lowest seed yield (1.93 t/ha.), seed germination (78.50%), seedling vigour index (1953.86) and seed protein content (16.30%) were found from 0 kg B/ha and 0 kg Zn/ha with 50% less than the recommended dose of NPK application. Maximum yield and good quality of okra seed can be obtained from the application of 2 kg B and 4 kg Zn/ha, in combination with the recommended dose of NPK fertilizers.

Combined effect of bio-fertilizer and micronutrients on fertility, growth and productivity of chickpea

This experiment was conducted at Students’ Instructional Farm, Department of Agronomy, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology Kanpur (U.P.) in Rabi season for two consecutive years (2017-18 and 2018-19) to assess “the combined effect of fertility levels, bio-fertilizer and micronutrients on growth and productivity of chickpea”. The soil of the experimental field was sandy loam in texture, poor in fertility in respect of available nitrogen and organic carbon and medium in respect of available phosphorus, available potassium, available Zinc and available Boron. Soil was slightly alkaline in reaction (pH 7.70). The experiment was conducted in Split Plot Design (SPD) with three replications and twenty one treatments combination. The main plot was consisting of three fertility levels (100% RDF (20:60:20 NPK kg/ha), 50% RDF+Vermicompost@2.5t/ha and 50% RDF+FYM@5t/ha) and sub plot consisting of seven micronutrient management treatments (control, Biofertilizers (PSB@6kg/ha) as basal, Micronutrients (Zn@5kg/ha) as basal, Boron (Bo@6kg/ha) as basal, PSB+Zn, PSB+Bo and PSB+Zn+Bo). Chickpea variety KWR-108 was grown with the recommended agronomic practices. The treatments effect was monitor in terms of crop growth and productivity of chickpea rabi season.

Management of secondary nutrients and micronutrients in rice under rice-wheat cropping system in acid soil

A field experiment was conducted in the experimental farm of Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Dumka, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand during kharif seasons of 2015, 2016 and 2017 to study the effects of secondary and micronutrients on rice under rice-wheat cropping system in acid soil. The experimental findings have been interpreted in terms of grain yield, crop response (%), P, K, S and B -uptake by the crop. There were seven treatment combinations viz., NPK (RD) [@ (80 : 40 : 20) kg / ha], NPK + FYM [@ 3t / ha], NPK + lime [@ 4q / ha], NPK + S [@ 30kg / ha], NPK + S + B [@ 200 ppm foliar spray as borax], NPK + S + B + Si [@ 20 kg K - silicate / ha] and (NPK + FYM + S + B + Si). The experiment was laid out in RBD with three replications. It was found that the highest grain yield (40.60 q / ha) was obtained with the combined application of (NPK + FYM + S + B + Si), which also corresponded to the maximum crop response (24.4%). It was also found that application of micronutrients alone did not have significant effects on S and B-uptakes unless they were applied in combination with FYM. The highest S-uptake (7.40 kg/ha) and B-uptake (126.03 g/ha) were recorded with (NPK + FYM + S + B + Si). The highest P-uptake (13.74 kg/ha) and K-uptake (16.11 kg/ha) were obtained with (NPK + Lime).

Agronomic biofortification through micronutrient management in maize: A review

Most of the health components based foods are boosted by the application of mineral nutrients. Since post green revolution, farmers fertilize the crop for optimum to higher yields which are often overlooked. In addition to higher yield, plant nutrition also affects other human nutritional needs like proteins, oils, vitamins and minerals. Trace elements necessary to human nutrition can be optimized by applying to food crops. Due to various factors like temperature, climate, time of applications, crop adaptability, etc., some nutrients have their own restrictions, and few micronutrients are beneficial and play a significant role in food nutrition making easier access in the plant edible parts by its applications. It is important to note that the foliar application of Zn and Fe at the later crop stage (mid booting stage or early milking stage) is found to be effective than early applications. When compared to related interventions like supplementation and fortification, biofortification was found to be significantly cost-effective in applications to crop and create values for human nutrition.

Application of zinc, boron, and molybdenum in soil increases lentil productivity, nutrient uptake, and apparent balance

In severely deficit soil, lentil (Lens culinaris Medic) crop requires micronutrients for increased production. Micronutrient management is, therefore, very important for lentil productivity but mostly ignored. This study was carried out from 2014–2015 to 2016–2017 to understand the effects of zinc (Zn), boron (B), and molybdenum (Mo) on lentil productivity, nodulation, and nutrient uptake and how these elements improve soil micronutrient fertility. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design, and the treatments were replicated thrice. Different combinations of Zn, Mo, and B were contrasted with no application of micronutrients. The treatments were Zn alone (Zn), B alone (B), Mo alone (Mo), Zn combined with B (ZnB), Zn with Mo (ZnMo), B with Mo (BMo), and Zn combined with B and Mo (ZnBMo). Doses of Zn, B, and Mo were 3, 2, and 1 kg ha−1, respectively. In this trial, the highest average seed yield (1807 kg ha−1) and yield increment (44%) was obtained in ZnBMo combined application with macronutrients. Single, dual, and combined application of Zn, B, and Mo had significant effects on yield parameters and yield of lentil (P < 0.05). The highest nutrient uptake, maximum nodulation (63.5 plant−1), and the highest protein content (26.6%) in seed were recorded from the treatment receiving all three micronutrients. The increased lentil yield might be associated with increased nodulation and nutrient uptake by the crop under micronutrient-applied treatments. The results suggest that combination of Zn, B, and Mo could be applied for increased lentil production in micronutrient deficit soils.

Micronutrient management in an advance line of rice (CN6) to increase the spikelet fertility under Aman season

The experiment was conducted in the Aman season of 2016, at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute farm under the Agro Ecological Zone (AEZ 28) Modhupur Tract. The CN6 is a high spikelet bearing advanced line of rice but low in spikelet fertility. Micronutrient management was examined to increase its spikelet fertility. Five treatments were used in this experiment. The treatments were as follows: T1= BRRI recommended fertilizer dose + MgO @ 0.05%, T2 = BRRI recommended fertilizer dose + 60 g MoP + 60 g elemental S (80% wp) + 20 g ZnSO4, T3 = BRRI recommended fertilizer dose + Boron @ 5ppm, T4= BRRI recommended fertilizer dose + Copper @ 5ppm) and T5 = BRRI recommended fertilizer dose alone. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Complete Block design with three replications. The results indicated that Treatment T3 (BRRI recommended fertilizer dose + Boron @ 5ppm) produced the more number of grains per panicle with an average of 194 which is higher number of grains per panicle over the control treatment T5 (BRRI recommended fertilization alone). Treatment T4 produced the highest number of 1000- grains weight (17.9 g). However, highest grain yield was recorded in the treatment T4 with an average of 3.94 t ha-1 compare to the control treatment T5 (BRRI recommended fertilization alone). Second highest grain yield (3.70 t ha-1) was found under the treatment T2 followed by T1 (3.57 t ha-1) and T3 (3.57 t ha-1). The lowest grain yield was recorded in the control treatment T5 (BRRI recommended fertilization alone). Taken together, our results suggested that micronutrient management, especially copper and zinc, improved the spikelet fertility of an advanced line CN6 resulting higher yield.
 Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(1): 51-59, April 2020

Micronutrient management following bariatric surgery: the role of the dietitian in the postoperative period.

Bariatric surgery is increasingly being utilized to manage obesity and obesity related comorbidities, but may lead to the development of micronutrient deficiencies postoperatively. The anatomical, physiological, nutritional and behavioral reasons for micronutrient vulnerabilities are reviewed, along with recommendations for routine monitoring and replacement following surgery. The role the dietitian and their contribution in the postoperative identification, prevention and management of micronutrient vulnerabilities in bariatric patients is described. Specific considerations such as the nutritional and dietetic management of pregnant and lactating women post-bariatric surgery is also discussed.

Response of ZnSO4 through foliar nutrition on nutrient status, yield performance and fruit quality of guava cv. Shewta

Economic feasibility of small and marginal farmers involved in Shewta guava production was sustained following enhancement of yield through nutritional approach in ICAR networking project on “Micronutrient management in horticultural crops for enhancing yield and quality”. Improvement in sustainable yield index from 0.32 to 0.40, 0.43, 0.69, 0.060, 0.48 and even 0.44 was recorded in guava ecosystem of subtropical region. Improvement of sustainability was 23.8 to 114.5 per cent in different foliar feeding approaches. Highest TSS of 13.27±0.21 followed by 12.93±0.15, 12.90±0.10 and 12.93±0.64 followed by 12.87±0.31, 12.80±0.20°Brix was recorded, respectively. Statistically, significant ascorbic acid contents of 265.52±5.51 followed by 263.96±20.3, 259.85±10.02 and 269.42±0.01 followed by 263.96± 2.34, 257.73±5.86 mg 100 g-1 were recorded. Maximum acidity of 0.661±0.002 and 0.629±0.01 per cent was also noted. Maximum percentages of improvement in Zn and B content of guava fruit pulp was recorded as 24.5 to 35.0 and 40.8 to 35.8, respectively. Highest Zn content of 17.47±0.64 followed by 16.97±0.67 and 18.00±1.0 followed by 16.33±2.1 mg kg-1 was recorded. Maximum B, Cu, Fe and Mn concentration of 15.63±1.1 & 15.43±1.8, 7.33±0.46 & 7.33±1.5, 122.0±2.1 & 121.33±5.0 and finally 9.40±0.62 & 8.33±1.5 mg kg-1, respectively, was recorded. Foliar and soil content of nutrients were analyzed to see the changes in nutrient content. The present study advocates the possibility of improving the sustainability in Shewta guava orchard grown in subtropical region.

Assessing micronutrient management and fertilizer doses on soil and foliar properties and yield in Dashehari mango grown orchard soils of subtropical region

Assessing micronutrient management and fertilizer doses on soil and foliar properties and yield in Dashehari mango grown orchard soils of subtropical region

Secondary and Micronutrient Management Practices in Organic Farming- An Overview

Modern agriculture, no doubt has paved the way for “Green Revolution”, but it has led to the application of heavy doses of chemical fertilizers and pesticides with the sole objective of maximizing the yield. The unbalanced and continuous use of chemical fertilizers in intensive cropping system is causing deterioration of soil health, multi-nutrient deficiencies, low productivity, poor quality and environmental hazards. Poor quality of food and fodder has caused serious health problems and disorders in both animals and human beings. Now, the agriculture research is focused on evolving ecologically sound, biologically sustainable and socio economically viable technologies like organic farming which includes local organic sources of nutrients without using chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Adoption of organic farming minimizes the environmental pollution and maintain long-term soil fertility by improving soil organic matter and essential plant nutrients including secondary and micronutrients. For producing quality food by sustaining the soil productivity and soil health are the challenges before us on one side and minimizing the pressure on non renewable sources or limited available sources on other hand needs immediate attention by all the stakeholders engaged in agriculture. Application of technologies available in organic farming and use of all locally available organic sources particularly on farm biomass which are rich in secondary and micronutrients will meet the twin objective of quality food production and reducing the pressure on non renewable resources.

Micronutrients limiting pasture production in Australia

Low levels of plant-available micronutrients were an inherent feature of many agricultural soils in Australia, mostly due to the prevalence of highly weathered soil parent materials. The diagnosis and correction of the widespread deficiencies of micronutrients, especially copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo) and zinc (Zn), were prerequisites for the development of productive, legume-based pastures in southern Australia. In subtropical and tropical regions, Mo deficiency commonly limited pasture-legume production. Soil treatments involving micronutrient fertiliser incorporated in soils, or applied as additives to superphosphate, were generally effective in alleviating micronutrient deficiencies. In the low-output dryland pasture systems, the annual removal of micronutrients in wool and meat is small compared with rates added in fertiliser. Hence, in general, the residues of soil-applied micronutrient fertilisers remain effective for many years, for example, up to 30 years for Cu. By contrast, shorter residual values occur for manganese (Mn) fertiliser on highly calcareous soils, and for Zn in high-output pasture systems such as intensive dairy production. In the last two decades since the recommendations for micronutrient management of pastures were developed, there have been many changes to farming systems, with likely implications for micronutrient status in pastures. First, increased cropping intensity and low prices for wool and meat have meant lower nutrient inputs to pastures or to the pasture phase of rotations with crops. However, when pastures have been rotated with crops, ongoing small additions of Cu, Zn and Mo have been common. In cropping phases of farming systems, lime application and no-till may have altered the chemical and positional availability of micronutrients in soils to pastures. However, there has been little study of the impacts of these farming-systems changes on micronutrient status of pastures or profitability of the production system. The intensification of dairy production systems may also have altered the demand for, and removal rates of, micronutrients. Soil tests are not very reliable for Mn or Mo deficiencies, and well-calibrated soil tests for boron, Cu and Zn have been developed only for limited areas of pasture production and for a limited range of species. There is limited use of plant tests for nutrient management of pastures. In conclusion, there is limited knowledge of the current micronutrient status of pastures and their effects on animal health. Pasture production would benefit from targeted investigation of micronutrients status of pasture soils, pasture plants and micronutrient-linked animal-health issues.

Evaluation of spatial distribution and regional zone delineation for micronutrients in a semiarid Deccan Plateau Region of India

AbstractEmerging micronutrient deficiencies in different soils of the world is a threat for sustainability of agriculture. As distribution of micronutrients in soil varies spatially, site‐specific management of micronutrients by delineating regional zones (RZs) is an effective strategy for precision agriculture. The current investigation was performed to delineate RZs in a Deccan Plateau Region (DPR) of India by considering spatial variability of some soil properties and available micronutrients for efficient management of micronutrients. Altogether, 4,939 representative soil samples (with geographical coordinates) from surface (0–0.15 m depth) layers were obtained from Telangana state lying in DPR of India. After processing, soil samples were analysed for pH, electrical conductivity, soil organic carbon and available zinc, copper, iron, and manganese. Soil pH, electrical conductivity, and soil organic carbon content had mean values of 7.48 ± 0.95, 0.42 ± 0.22 dS/m and 0.48 ± 0.17%, respectively. Whereas, the mean values of available zinc, iron, copper, and manganese concentrations were 0.83 ± 0.36, 8.79 ± 4.15, 0.99 ± 0.43, and 8.79 ± 4.06 mg/kg, respectively. Geostatistical analysis divulged different distribution pattern of soil properties and available micronutrients with strong to moderate spatial dependency. The four principal components (with >1 eigenvalue) responsible for 73% of total variance were considered for analysis. Six RZs from the study area were created through geostatistical, principal component, and clustering analysis. The measured soil properties and available micronutrients in the RZs varied significantly highlighting the usefulness of RZ delineation technique for precise micronutrients management in DPR of India.

Geographic Information System and Geostatistical Techniques to Characterize Spatial Variability of Soil Micronutrients Including Toxic Metals in an Agricultural Farm

ABSTRACTKnowledge of spatial variability of soil properties is critical for precision farming and identification of pollution hot spots. This study examined the spatial dependence and variability of microelements to produce nutrient maps for site-specific nutrient management and for environmental modeling. A total of 94 grid samples (50 × 50 m2) were collected and analyzed for available zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) using an atomic absorption spectrometer. Coefficient of variation (CV) indicated that all the microelements were high in heterogeneity (CV > 35%). Available Zn was found deficient in 66.4% of soil samples and might be one of the limiting nutrients for crop growth, Cu and Ni were in medium, and Fe and Mn in very high range. Pb and Cd were lower than standard values, but careful management will avoid toxicity. Significant correlation was found between Zn with Fe (r = 0.377); Ni with Mn and Fe (r = 0.350 and 0.205, respectively); and Pb with Mn and Ni (r = 0.298 and 0.221, respectively). Spatial variability of soil microelements was mapped by ordinary kriging using exponential model for Fe, Mn, Ni, Cd, and Pb; Gaussian model for Cu, and spherical model for Zn. Semivariogram showed strong to weak degree of spatial dependence for all microelements. The study highlighted the importance for the creation of nutrient management zones for Zn availability. The spatial variability maps generated could be used as a guide for precise and site-specific micronutrient management in the study region.

Variation in the Relationship of Major Nutrients with Micronutrient Absorption in Grape due to Variety and Rootstock

A survey of vineyards of Thompson Seedless and Its clone 2A on their own root and Dog Ridge rootstock was conducted with an aim to elucidate the variation in the absorption (ratio of petiole to soil contents) of Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in relation to major nutrient contents of soil and petioles, and thereby evolve guidelines for major nutrient application for efficient absorption of micronutrients in these stionic combinations. Among the four micronutrients studied, the order of sensitivity to soil and petiole nutrient contents in the four stionic combinations surveyed was Mn>Zn>Cu>Fe. Fe was more sensitive in TS on DR. The sensitivity of Mn was in the order of 2A on DR > TS on DR > 2Aon OR > TS on OR, whereas TS on DR>2A on OR >TS on OR = 2A on DR was the order of sensitivity of Zn. Sensitivity of Cu was in the order of 2A on OR > 2A on DR > TS on OR = TS on DR. Absorption of micronutrients, mainly Mn and Zn was affected most by majority of the major nutrients by Dog Ridge rootstock, particularly in combination with Thompson Seedless and least affected by 2A on own root. Variation in the relationship of major nutrient contents of soil and petioles with the absorption of micronutrients was attributed to the variation in the available soil nutrient contents, rootstock affinity for nutrients and physiological need of varieties. Hence management of micronutrients assumes greater importance in Thompson Seedless on Dog Ridge rootstock. The levels of major nutrients associated with minimum absorption, threshold levels for increasing absorption and the optimum values of major nutrients for maximum absorption of each micro nutrient were identified. The results of the investigation will guide in the application of major nutrients for efficient absorption of Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in Thomson Seedless and its clone 2A on Dog Ridge rootstock.

Incidence and Management of Micronutrient Deficiencies in Post-bariatric Surgery Patients

Bariatric surgery is considered one of the most effective methods of achieving long-term weight loss in morbidly obese patients. Nevertheless, bariatric procedures are associated with a number of complications, and nutrient deficiencies can lead to deleterious consequences. Furthermore, the diet of patients prior to bariatric surgery is often of poor nutrition quality that does not meet the recommended dietary guidelines for micronutrient intake. Therefore, optimization of the postoperative nutritional status should begin before surgery. This review covers the essential information about micronutrient management in patients before and after bariatric surgery.