Application Of Micronutrients Research Articles

Chemotaxis of rhizosphere Pseudomonas sp. induced by foliar spraying of lanthanum reduces cadmium uptake by pakchoi.

Foliar application of rare earth micronutrient of lanthanum (La) exhibits great potential in reducing cadmium (Cd) uptake in crops, the underlying mechanisms controlling the interaction between Cd toxicity-relieved crops and soil microbiota are poorly understood. In this study, LaCl3 with the concentrations of 10 and 30μM was sprayed on pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.) planting on Cd contaminated solution and soil to determine the changes of root metabolites and rhizosphere bacterial communities. Compared to the control, Cd concentration in pakchoi leaves was significantly decreased by 30.9% and 22.6% with the high group under both hydroponic and pot culture by applying 30μM LaCl3. Herein, the concrete evidence is provided that pakchoi plants in response to foliar-spraying La under soil or solution Cd toxicity can promote the root secretion of amino acids, resulting in a strong enrichment of nitrogen-related microorganisms. To probe this linkage, a Pseudomonas representative specie was isolated that had the ability of consuming alanine, the most oversecreted root exudate due to La application. Further results demonstrated that this strain had the capacities for alleviating Cd toxicity and enhancing crop growth by immobilizing Cd and secreting plant-beneficial metabolites. This study reveals a plant-extrudate-microbiome feedback loop for responding to La-relieved Cd toxicity in crops by the chemotaxis of rhizosphere Pseudomonas toward alanine secreted by pakchoi.

Efficacy of Foliar Application of Micronutrients and BA Concentrations on Flowering and Vase Life of Zinnia Plant (Zinnia elegans)

This study was carried out in the lath house of the Horticulture Department Nursery, College of Agriculture Engineering Sciences, Duhok University. Kurdistan region, Iraq, for the period from 5th 2024 to study the effect of different levels of Zn (0, 0.50 and 0.75) and different concentration of BA (0. 50, and 100) mgl-1 on some flowering and vase life of two cultivars of Zinnia plant. The results were as follows: The best results (fewest days) for the number of days from planting to bud emergence, and anthesis were obtained on Zinnia Lavanda (54.957 and 85.185) respectively. Also, these treatments were significantly superior in the other characteristics like flower stem length (cm), flower stem diameter (cm) and vase life (days) for Zinnia Lavanda cultivar reached (3.815 cm 8.169 cm 10.710 day) respectively. While the flower dry weight 1.429g and vase life 11.009 day was significantly increased when plant spraying with 0.75 % Zn compared with other treatments. The responses of the Zinnia plants to micro elements under study, significantly increased number of flowers per plant 4.389, flower stem diameter 0.437 cm, flower fresh weight 9.510 g and vase life 11.148 for the Zinnia Lavanda when spraying with 0.75% Zn compared to the control. While the maximum result about the flower stem length 87.310 cm, flower diameter 8.319 cm and flower dry weight 1.674 g for Zinnia rosso scarlatta when spraying with 0.75% Zn. Also, the best result of Zinnia Lavanda for number of flowers per plant, flower stem diameter, flower fresh weight and vase life (4.333, 0.405 cm, 10.462 g and 11.111 days) was obtained when the plant sprays with BA at (100 and 50) mgl-1 respectively compared with control and Zinnia rosso scarlatta. Maximum fresh flower weight (13.030 g) was recorded for plants grown in BA at 50 mgl-1+ 0.50% Zn treatment for the Zinnia Lavanda cultivar follow by 12.217g fresh flower weight for the same cultivar when spraying only 100 mgl-1 BA. Maximum dry flower weight (2.317 g) was recorded for Zinnia rosso scarlatta cultivar in control treatment. Maximum vase life (12.333 days) was recorded for Zinnia Lavanda cultivar in 0.75% Zn combined with 50 mgl-1 BA treatment.

Foliar application of micronutrients to reduce fruit drop and enhance quality and yield attributes in ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.) cv. Gola

Foliar application of micronutrients to reduce fruit drop and enhance quality and yield attributes in ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.) cv. Gola

Effect of micronutrients on the growth and yield parameter of spring maize in Gauradaha, Nepal

Micronutrients, required in trace amounts, are crucial for crop growth and metabolic activities. Maize is susceptible to micronutrient deficiencies and exhibits hidden hunger symptoms when lacking essential nutrients. This study, conducted at Gauradaha Agriculture Campus, Jhapa, from January to June 2023, aimed to assess the impact of zinc (Zn), boron (B), and sulfur (S) on maize growth and yield. A single-factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used with seven treatments and three replications. Results revealed that the combined application of micronutrients with the recommended dose of NPK significantly enhanced maize growth and yield parameters. The T6 treatment (Zn 10 kg/ha + B 6 kg/ha + S 7 kg/ha with recommended NPK) produced the highest values for key growth indicators: leaf area, ear length (19.56 cm), ear diameter (6.24 cm), kernel rows per ear (15.72), grains per row (44.25), ear weight (17.65 tons/ha), biological yield (34.80 tons/ha), grain yield (12.68 tons/ha), and stover yield (3.39 tons/ha). Additionally, T4 (S 40 kg/ha with NPK) resulted in the highest test weight (438.33 g). Micronutrient application did not significantly affect plant height or the number of leaves. The study concludes that applying 10 kg/ha of Zn, 6 kg/ha of B, and 7 kg/ha of S with NPK significantly improves maize yield, demonstrating suitability for the local soil conditions and offering a practical approach to mitigate hidden hunger in maize.

Efficacy of Foliar Application of Micronutrients on Bio-chemical Attributes of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Allahabad Safeda

To assess the efficacy of foliar application of micronutrients, i.e. Zinc as a Zinc Sulphate, Copper as Copper Sulphate and Boron as Boric acid on biochemical attributes of guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Allahabad Safeda fruits during 2019-20, a field experiment was carried out at Horticultural Research Farm- II of the Department of Horticulture, School of Agricultural Science and Technology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India on 12-year-old guava plants. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Using a digital hand refractometer, biochemical parameters such as total soluble solids were estimated at room temperature. The ascorbic acid, total sugars, reducing sugars, and non-reducing sugars content in the fruit sample were analyzed, the gathered data were statistically analyzed in accordance with Gomez's (1984) methodology. The foliar application of zinc sulphate@ 0.4% showed better quality of fruits in terms of TSS (11.780 Brix), Acidity (0.4%), Total Sugars (6.34%), sugar acid ratio (15.91) while the application of Boric acid@ 0.4% resulted in maximum value of ascorbic acid (173.373mg/100g) pulp and pectin (1.650) respectively.

Foliar application of urea and micronutrients on quality parameters, nutrient content and uptake by groundnut in loamy sand soil (Typic Ustipsamments)

Foliar application of urea and micronutrients on quality parameters, nutrient content and uptake by groundnut in loamy sand soil (Typic Ustipsamments)

Effect of micronutrient application on growth and yield in green gram (Vigna radiata L.)

Effect of micronutrient application on growth and yield in green gram (Vigna radiata L.)

Foliar Application of Micronutrients in Orchards: A Comprehensive Review

Applying micronutrients via foliar sprays has become increasingly important in modern orchard management as it addresses nutrient deficiencies that are often difficult to correct with conventional soil applications. This review summarizes existing research on the efficacy, methods, and benefits of foliar micronutrient application in different orchard systems. Particular emphasis is placed on key micronutrients such as iron, zinc, manganese, copper, boron, molybdenum, and chlorine to emphasize their importance to tree physiology, fruit quality, and overall orchard yield. It also examines the obstacles and best practices related to foliar fertilization, taking into account the timing of application, concentration and environmental aspects. By bringing together evidence from recent studies, this paper aims to provide fruit growers and researchers with a comprehensive understanding of foliar micronutrient strategies to optimize orchard well-being and overall productivity.

Elucidating the protective role of manganese seed priming in mitigating lead-induced oxidative stress: enhancements in growth, grain yield, and antioxidant activities of wheat.

Lead (Pb) is known to be extremely toxic to plants and awfully affects growth and productivity by interacting with morphological, biochemical, and physiological processes. Micronutrients are considered to reduce ion toxicity and modify various physiological processes involved in oxidative stress tolerance in plants. Hence, the limited literature about the application of micronutrients, particularly manganese (Mn), under lead stress thus demands more investigations. To sort out the role of priming treatments of Mn (1.0 and 0.1mg/L) in lead stress (200mg/kg) induced oxidative stress tolerance in wheat cultivars (Anaj-17 and Akbar-19), current experiment was designed. The experiment was arranged with completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates. The results explored the positive role of Mn priming in strengthening the antioxidant system with increased activities of antioxidants under Pb stress. Mn priming level (0.1mg/L) significantly increased the germination percentage, germination percentage, growth traits, grain yield per plant, shoot P, shoot Ca2+, and shoot K+ while decreasing the MDA and H2O2 levels, of Anaj-17 and Akbar-19 under Pb stress (200mg/kg). Seed priming levels of Mn further upgraded the antioxidant enzymatic activities and organic osmolytes such as proline, total phenolics, flavonoids, total soluble sugars, and glycine betaine, under Pb stress. Conclusively, the 0.1mg/L level of Mn priming and Akbar-19 cultivar has proven superior in lead detoxification under Pb-induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, the outcomes revealed more accumulation of Pb in the roots of wheat than in the shoots of both wheat cultivars and emphasized the use of lower Mn levels of 0.1mg/L as the best strategy in alleviating the toxic impacts of lead in wheat. However, the conduct of large field trials is a necessity of current scenario to study the molecular aspects and associated genes contributing Pb stress tolerance with priming application of Mn and other micronutrients.

Effect of Integrating Plant Growth Regulators and Micronutrients on Growth, Phenology and Seed Yield of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)

An experiment was conducted during Rabi 2019-20 at College of Agriculture, Indore (Madhya Pradesh) to investigate the effects of Plant Growth Regulator (PGRs) and Micro-nutrient Application on Growth, Quality, and Seed yield of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.). The nine treatments consisted of different levels of PGRs i.e. GA3 and NAA with micro-nutrient (Mixol) which contain zinc, iron, manganese copper, boron and molybdenum including control (No use of PGRs and micro-nutrients) viz. T1 = 50 ppm GA3 seed treatment + Mixol 1.0%, T2 = 100 ppm GA3 seed treatment + Mixol 1.0%, T3 = 50 ppm GA3 foliar spray + Mixol 1.0%, T4 = 100 ppm GA3 foliar spray + Mixol 1.0%, T5 = 25 ppm NAA seed treatment + Mixol 1.0%, T6 = 50 ppm NAA seed treatment + Mixol 1.0%, T7=25 ppm foliar spray + Mixol 1.0%, T8 = 50 ppm NAA foliar spray + Mixol 1.0% and T9 = Control. Data were collected on different growth characters (Plant height and number of branches), Phonological attributes (Days to first flowering, days taken to 50% flowering and days to taken seed maturity) and yield characters (Seed yield per plant (g), seed yield t/ha, number of pods per plant, length of pod (cm), number of seeds per pod) of fenugreek. Based on results of one year experimentation, foliar spray of GA3 at 100 ppm + mixol 1.0% was found the best treatment compared with respect to plant growth and seed yield of fenugreek.

Precision drip Irrigation System and Foliar Application of Biostimulant and Fertilizers Containing Micronutrients Optimize Photochemical Efficiency and Grain Yield of Maize (Zea mays L)

Abstract Asymmetric drought propagation and depletion of soil nutrients threaten cereal crop productivity worldwide, calling for the application of validated agronomic practices to curtail their effect on crop production. This study evaluated the effect of precision drip irrigation, biostimulant, and micronutrients application on photochemical efficiency and yield of maize.An experiment laid in a randomized complete block design with irrigation and water stress was established in 2022 and 2023 growing seasons at the experimental area of the University of Debrecen. Other treatments included T1 (non-microbial biostimulant from plant origin), T2 (zinc based chemical fertilizer), T3 (boron and molybdenum based chemical fertilizer), and T4 (control). Data was collected on steady-state fluorescence (F’), maximal fluorescence (Fm’), quantum photosynthetic yield or efficiency of photosystem II (ΦPSII or Y(II)), electron transport rate (ETR), and grain yield and yield components. Precision drip irrigation significantly optimized ΦPSII, ETR, cob weight, number of seeds per cob, weight of 1000 seeds and grain yield. The biostimulant and micronutrients optimized Fm’, ΦPSII, and ETR at VT and R2 growth stages. Regardless of the water management regime, T1, T2 and T3 seasonally optimized grain yield. Between water management regimes, biostimulant had the highest yield optimization effect under precision drip irrigation in the season with elevated water stress.Optimum photochemical efficiency and grain yield is achievable through precision drip irrigation, biostimulant, and micronutrient application. However, further research involving 2–3 application times at critical stages of maize under precision drip irrigation and/or combined application of these treatments at season specific precision drip irrigation is required.

Optimizing Olive Production: The Role of Foliar Fertilizers in Boosting Yield and Quality

To enhance yield and produce high-quality olive products, it is crucial to implement accurate and balanced fertilization programs. Like other crops, olive trees require the application of specific macro and micronutrients in addition to basic fertilization. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of foliar fertilizer applications containing K as well as N, K, Ca, and B, in addition to basic fertilization, on the yield and quality parameters of the Gemlik olive (Olea europaea L. cv. Gemlik) variety, known for its high economic value and use in black table olives and oil production, during two consecutive seasons in 2021–2022. The research evaluated the effects on olive fruit yield, fruit nutrient content (N, Ca, P, Na, K, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu, and Mn), oil yield, and quality. In addition to traditional basic fertilization (NPK fertilizer), foliar fertilizers containing K as well as N, K, Ca, and B nutrients were applied before flowering and after fruit set. These applications were organized using a randomized block design with three replicates, each consisting of three trees. The results showed that foliar fertilizer applications, in addition to basic fertilization, had a significant impact on the yield and quality parameters. Specifically, foliar K applications positively affected olive yield in the second year. Moreover, foliar fertilizer applications improved the fruit nutrient content, oil quality (K-232, K-270, peroxide, acidity, and total phenol), and oil composition (%). Therefore, it is recommended that foliar fertilizers are applied during similar periods under similar conditions. However, ensuring the continuity of an optimal fertilization management plan is crucial for olive, as it is a perennial plant.

Optimizing Cereal Crop Performance with Nutrient Priming

The fundamental building blocks for the success of stand establishment for any crop plant are better germination and robust seedlings. Pre-treatment of the seeds is one of the best methods that may possibly improve germination and maintain the uniformity and stability of the seedlings. Primed seeds usually exhibit synchronized and early germination and sometimes greater total germination percentage over a range of environmental conditions. This enhancement has been linked to osmotic correction, metabolic repair during imbibition, and the accumulation of chemicals that promote germination. Nutri-priming is a good alternative to meet plant nutritional requirements. Seed priming with macro or micronutrient (nutripriming) application has been recently done on various agronomic crops including rice, maize and wheat; lead to better germination and establishment. It aims to combine the positive effects of hydro priming with the nutritional aspect of fertilizers. Crop seeds can be primed with either micro or macronutrients, which improves the nutrient content and increases the germination, sprouting, and water uptake efficiency. Primed seeds performed better under diverse environments especially under sub optimal conditions at sowing and resulted in higher yield compared to unprimed seeds. Priming requires specific temperature and time, if it is not followed then the seed can be deteriorated due to embryo protrusion. Due to readily available food during germination, primed seed are better able to complete the process of germination in a short time and cope with environmental stresses including low temperatures. In fact, it may be regarded as a useful method for enhancing crop establishment in regions with unfavourable agro-climatic conditions (rainfed, dry farming, and dry land farming) with increased yield, tolerance to stressful situations, resistance to diseases, crop competitiveness against weeds, and water use efficiency.

Effect of different levels of micronutrients on vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality of Mango (Mangifera indica L.)

An experiment was carried out to ascertain the impact of foliar application of certain micro-nutrients on fruit yield and quality of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars "Dashehari" and "Langra" at Agriculture Research Station, Banswara, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, during the year 2016-17 on seventeen years old mango trees. The experiment was laid out in One way ANOVA (Randomized Block Design) with eight treatments in thrice replications for combinations with different micronutrients Zinc sulphate, Copper sulphate, Borax, boric acid and IIHR-2 mango special were applied on mango cultivars "Dashehari" and "Langra" at different growth stages. All were fertilized with a recommended dose of NPK (1500:500:1000 g as N, P2O5 and K2O). The spraying was done twice; during mid-October, mid-December, and mid-February before the flowering stage and again in mid-March at the marble stage during both years of study. Foliar sprays, in general, improved fruit yield. Yields were exceptionally higher in response to foliar application of Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu) and boron (B) compared to other treatments. Result proved that foliar application of mango trees with [(RDF + Zinc sulphate (100 g) + Copper sulphate (50 g) + Boric acid (50 g) as soil + Zinc sulphate (0.2%) + Copper sulphate (0.1%) + Boric acid (0.1%) as foliar (Two sprays before flowering and marble stage)] was the promising treatment for improvement of vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality. This treatment was also found best for maximum total carotenoids, average fruit weight as well as fruit yield.

Effect of foliar application of micronutrient on growth and seed yield in mustard (Brassica juncea L.) genotype NRCHB -101

Effect of foliar application of micronutrient on growth and seed yield in mustard (Brassica juncea L.) genotype NRCHB -101

Response of soil and foliar micronutrients application on nutrient uptake and seed yield of onion

Response of soil and foliar micronutrients application on nutrient uptake and seed yield of onion

Effects of copper sulphate stress on the morphological and biochemical characteristics of Spinacia oleracea and Avena sativa

Plants are subjected to various biotic and abiotic stresses that significantly impact their growth and productivity. To achieve balanced crop growth and yield, including for leafy vegetables, the continuous application of micronutrient is crucial. This study investigates the effects of different concentrations of copper sulphate (0, 75, 125, and 175 ppm) on the morphological and biochemical features of Spinacia oleracea and Avena sativa. Morphological parameters such as plant height, leaf area, root length, and fresh and dry weights were optimized at a concentration of 75 ppm copper sulfate. At this concentration, chlorophyll a & b levels increased significantly in Spinacia oleracea (462.9 and 249.8 \U0001d707\U0001d454/\U0001d454), and Avena sativa (404.7 and 437.63\U0001d707\U0001d454/\U0001d454). However, carotenoid content and sugar levels in Spinacia oleracea were negatively affected, while sugar content in Avena sativa increased at 125 ppm (941.6 µg/ml). Protein content increased in Spinacia oleracea (75 ppm, 180.3 µg/ml) but decreased in Avena sativa. Phenol content peaked in both plants at 75 ppm (362.2 and 244.5 µg/ml). Higher concentrations (175 ppm) of copper sulfate reduced plant productivity and health. Plants exposed to control and optimal concentrations (75 and 125 ppm) of copper sulpate exhibited the best health and growth compared to those subjected to higher concentrations. Maximum plant height, leaf area, root length, fresh and dry weights were observed at lower concentrations (75 and 125 ppm) of copper sulfate, while higher concentrations caused toxicity. Optimal copper sulfate levels enhanced chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, protein, and phenol contents but inhibited sugar and carotenoid contents in both Spinacia oleracea and Avena sativa. Overall, increased copper sulfate treatment adversely affected the growth parameters and biochemical profiles of these plants.

Foliar application of micronutrient formulations for enhanced growth and yield of cabbage

Cabbage is a prominent leafy vegetable belonging to the cole group of vegetables. To increase its productivity, nutrient management involving use of micronutrients is one of the most important practices. Consequently, the present study was conducted to assess the efficacy of four laboratory-prepared micronutrient formulations (Micromix A; Mix-A, Micromix B; Mix-B, Micromix C; Mix-C and Micromix D; Mix-D) on growth and yield of cabbage. For comparison two micronutrient formulations available in the market, Arka Vegetable Special and Agromin were also undertaken in this study. The results revealed a significant improvement in morphological parameters like fresh stem weight, fresh root weight, root length, head weight per plant and open leaf weight per plant as a result of foliar application of micronutrient formulations as compared to the control. Additionally, it was discovered that foliar application of Mix-A, Mix-B, Mix-C and Mix-D increased the yield of cabbage by 14.04 %, 20.25 %, 27.14 % and 23.14 %, respectively over the control. Furthermore, among different formulations, Mix-C proved more effective as compared to the rest of the treatments. Thus, it can be inferred that foliar application of micronutrients has great potential in improving the yield and yield characteristics of cabbage.

Response of Macronutrients, Micronutrient and Biofertilizer on the Growth and Yield Attributes of Kalanamak Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Central Uttar Pradesh, India

A field experiment was conducted on the combined application of macronutrients and micronutrient along with biofertilizer significantly improved the growth and yield attributes of Kalanamak rice over two kharif seasons, 2022 and 2023. The most effective treatment, T7 [100 per cent RDF (Recommended Dose of Fertilizer) + 25 per cent N through FYM (Farm Yard Manure) + S (Sulphur) @ 40 kg ha-1 + ZnO (Zinc oxide) @ 5 kg ha-1 + BGA (Blue Green Algae) @ 10 kg ha-1] gave maximum increase in growth and yield attributing characteristics viz. plant height (96.80 cm & 97.82 cm), number of tillers hill-1 (11.23 & 11.25), number of effective tillers hill-1 (10.81 & 10.94), panicle length (35.16 cm & 35.43 cm), number of grains panicle-1 (175.82 & 179.45), number of filled grains panicle-1 (159.89 & 161.02), number of unfilled grains panicle-1 (15.93 & 18.43) and test weight (14.9 g & 15 g). This indicates that integrated nutrient management including the integration of organic manures, i.e., FYM, inorganic nutrients (N, P, K, S and Zn) and bio-fertilizers, i.e., BGA enhances rice growth and yield. The positive impact of BGA on nitrogen fixation, combined with the role of Zn and S in grain formation, contributed to higher grain numbers, greater panicle length and increased test weight leading to improved grain yield. Overall, the study highlights the importance of integrated nutrient management, demonstrating that the synergetic use of biofertilizer and balanced fertilization can optimize nutrient availability, improve soil health, reduce unfilled grains and increase crop productivity in Kalanamak rice cultivation.

Comparative Effects of Calcium, Boron, and Zinc Inhibiting Physiological Disorders, Improving Yield and Quality of Solanum lycopersicum.

Localized calcium deficiency at the tomato flower end causes a physiological disorder called blossom end rot, resulting in yield losses of up to 50 percent. Fruit cracking is another physiological disorder of tomatoes that most often occurs when the movement of water and solutes to the tomato is protracted or rapid, but the underlying cause of fruit cracking is, again, calcium deficiency. Therefore, the present field experiment was conducted with the aim of increasing yield and reducing physiological disorders in tomatoes with a foliar application of calcium and micronutrients (zinc and boron). Four levels of calcium (0, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9%), three levels of boron (0, 0.25, and 0.5%), and three levels of Zinc (0, 0.25, and 0.5%) were applied foliarly three times (starting at flowering, the 2nd application was repeated when the fruits set, and the 3rd after a period of 15 days from the fruits set). An addition of 0.6% calcium increased yield and associated traits with a decreased flower drop. Likewise, a 0.9% calcium addition increased fruit Ca content and decreased blossom end rot, fruit cracking, and Zn content. Foliar spraying with 0.25% boron (compound B) improved flowering and production while reducing flower drop and tomato fruit cracking. Similarly, an application of 0.5% B significantly increased Ca and B content with minimal blossom end rot and Zn content. Likewise, a 0.5% Zn application resulted in yield and yield-related traits with increased fruit B and Zn contents while blossom end rot, fruit cracking, and fruit Ca content were lower when 0.5% of foliar Zn was applied. Therefore, it is concluded that a foliar application of Ca, B, and Zn can be used alone or in combination to minimize the physiological disorders, increase production, and improve tomato fruit quality.