Changes In Microhardness Research Articles

Evaluation of one versus two glaze firings on the color stability and mechanical properties of an extrinsically characterized monolithic CAD-CAM lithium disilicate glass ceramic.

To evaluate the effects of 1versus 2 glaze firings on the color and mechanical properties of an extrinsically characterized lithium disilicate ceramic after thermal cycling, brushing, or both. Eighty specimens were divided into 2 groups: 1 glaze firing (GL1) and 2 glaze firings (GL2). Each group was subdivided into 4 groups (n = 10), according to the experimental conditions: thermal-cycling, brushing, thermal-cycling + brushing, and immersion in distilled water (control). Color variation, surface roughness, and Vickers microhardness were analyzed before each designated experiment and after the simulated periods of 2.5, 5, and 10 years. Three-way mixed ANOVA was used for all outcomes, followed by 1-way ANOVA, repeated measures 1-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc test, and t-test to check for statistical differences (α = 0.05). Thermal cycling generated greater color changes in the GL1 group at 2.5 and 5 years (p < 0.001; p = 0.013). Brushing generated color changes in GL1 at 5 years (p = 0.003) and in GL2 at 10 years (p = 0.017). Regarding surface roughness, the GL1 group suffered alterations in thermal cycling + brushing at 5 years. In the control group, the GL1 group exhibited higher roughness values than GL2 (p < 0.05). Most of the groups experienced an increase in microhardness at 2.5 years (p < 0.05). In the GL1 group, thermal-cycling increased the microhardness at 5 years (p = 0.006); at 5 and 10 years, the GL1 group had a higher microhardness than the GL2 in thermal-cycling + brushing (p < 0.05). Ceramics with 1 glaze firing showed greater color, roughness, and microhardness changes compared to those submitted to 2 firings.

Effects of 35% Versus 10% Carbamide Peroxide At-Home Bleaching Agents with or without MI Paste Plus on Enamel Properties

This study compared the effects of 35% with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) home used bleaching agents on enamel color change, microhardness, and surface changes in association with MI paste plus (CPP -ACPF). Forty buccal and lingual enamel samples from twenty human third molars were prepared and divided into four groups (n=10). The groups were bleached for two weeks according to different bleaching regimens as follow; G1 bleached with 10%CP, G2 bleached with 35%CP, G3 bleached with a mixture of 10%CP and MI paste plus, and G4 bleached with a mixture of 35%CP and MI paste plus. Color change was recorded with a colorimeter before and after bleaching and total color differences (ΔE*) was calculated. Vickers microhardness test was recorded for all the samples before and after treatment. One sample from each group was evaluated for surface changes by scan electron microscopy (SEM). The data were analyzed with repeated measure of variance and student's t-test at p&lt;0.05. No significant difference in ΔE* was recorded among the four groups (p&gt;0.05). Significant reduction in enamel microhardness was only recorded for G2 (p=0.003). SEM for G3 and G4 showed obvious mineral deposition. Similar teeth color whitening can be resulted after two weeks of bleaching with both 10%CP and 35%CP when used as recommended by the manufacturer with and without the addition of MI paste plus. Using 35%CP decreased enamel microhardness significantly, whereas MI paste plus when mixed with both bleaching agents could compensate for the microhardness reduction.

Investigation of the Change in Roughness and Microhardness during Laser Surface Texturing of Copper Samples by Changing the Process Parameters

The aim of this research is to achieve a high-quality and long-lasting laser marking of ammunition, which is of interest to the defense industry. The study is about the effects of speed, raster pitch and power on the roughness and microhardness of the marked areas of copper samples. The experiments were carried out with a fiber laser and a copper bromide laser—modern lasers widely used in industrial production. Laser power, scan speed and raster step were varied to determine their effects on the resulting microhardness and surface roughness. The lasers operate in different wavelength ranges, with the optical laser operating at 1064 nm in the near-infrared region and the copper bromide laser at 511 nm and 578 nm in the visible region, allowing the influence of wavelengths on the process to be investigated. The roughness and microhardness velocity dependence for three powers and two pulse durations for the fiber laser were obtained from the experimental data. The dependence of roughness and microhardness on the raster step for both types of lasers was also demonstrated.

ANALYTICAL APPROACH FOR PREDICTING THE STATE OF STRENGTH PARAMETERS OF ASSYMETRIC GEARS

During the process of high-speed gear hobbing of asymmetrical cylindrical gear gears, the surface layer undergoes repeated plastic deformation and leads, in turn, to a change in the physical and mechanical properties and structure of the metal. In order to increase the importance of teeth in machine drives of important machinery, the use of gears with an asymmetrical shape of the teeth is demonstrated, which reflects the functional difference of gears according to GOST 1643-81 and an asymmetrical profile. In accordance with the changes, occurring in the surface layer, the depth of the hardened layer is determined by the change in microhardness across the cross section of the part and by changing the nature of interference lines on x-ray diffraction patterns during layer-by-layer etching of the surface under study depending on the cutting speed. The cutting speed acts as a factor that determines the rate of plastic deformation of the surface layer. With increasing strain rate, the tensile strength and yield strength of structural materials increase. Increasing the yield strength reduces the plasticity of the processed material and acts in the direction of reducing the degree of hardening. With increasing temperature and degree of deformation, the rate of the softening process, which occurs due to recrystallization, increases. An increase in cutting temperature increases the intensity of the softening process and reduces the degree of hardening.

Effect of laser shock peening on the plasticity of Zr-based metallic glass under compression

The surface of Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 BMG was modified in this study using LSP to enhance its compressive mechanical properties.The microstructures and thermal properties of the as-cast and laser-peened specimens were characterized using X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. The results indicated that crystallization did not occur in the laser-peened area. Compared to the as-cast metallic glass, the LSP-treated specimen had a higher free volume. The LSP-treated specimen, as compared to the as-cast specimen with a slight plastic strain of 8.1 % prior to final fracture, exhibited an improved compressive plastic strain of 18.8 %. Based on results of the hardness tests, a significant change in microhardness was observed in the specimen after the LSP treatment. The improved plasticity and decreased hardness of the laser-peened specimen were due to the excess free volume in the laser treated surface zone. Scanning electron microscopy observations of the fracture surfaces revealed that the LSP-treated specimen formed multiple shear bands and highly dense vein-like patterns. This study provides a novel method for increasing the plasticity of metallic glasses to promote their industrial application.

Comparative Evaluation of Microhardness and Color Change of Root dentin using Punica granatum (pomegranate extract), Sodium hypochlorite, Chlorhexidine and Normal saline as an Endodontic irrigant – An in vitro study

Comparative Evaluation of Microhardness and Color Change of Root dentin using Punica granatum (pomegranate extract), Sodium hypochlorite, Chlorhexidine and Normal saline as an Endodontic irrigant – An in vitro study

Changes in Roughness and Microhardness of ShKh15 Steel after Pulsed Plasma Flow Treatment

Changes in Roughness and Microhardness of ShKh15 Steel after Pulsed Plasma Flow Treatment

Impact of different chemical denture cleansers on the properties of digitally fabricated denture base resin materials.

To compare the impact of three different chemical denture cleansers (CDCs) (Corega, chlorhexidine, and hydrogen peroxide) on the surface roughness, microhardness, and color stability of 3D-printed, computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) milled, and heat-polymerized denture base material (DBM). A total of 420 disc-shaped specimens (10 ±0.1 × 2 ±0.1mm) were fabricated using three different construction techniques: three-dimensional (3D) printing (n = 140), CAD-CAM milling (n = 140), and heat-polymerization (n = 140). Sixty specimens (20 of each DBM) were used for baseline (pre-immersion) measurements (T1) for the tested surface properties (hardness [n = 10/material] and roughness [n = 10/material]). The remaining 360 specimens (n = 120/material) were investigated for surface roughness, microhardness, and color change after immersion for 1 year (T2) in distilled water or CDCs (n = 30/solution and n = 10/test). The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, one-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Tukey's test at a significance level of less than 0.05. Significant differences were observed in the effects of the tested CDCs on the surface roughness, micro-hardness, and color stability of varying DBM specimens (p<0.05). Corega showed the highest surface roughness and color change in all DBMs while H2O2 resulted in the lowest microhardness for all DBMs. The lowest changes in all tested properties were seen with distilled water followed by chlorhexidine. A significant effect of type of cleanser, denture base material, and the interaction between the two was seen on all measured properties (p<0.05). The tested CDCs significantly affected the surface properties of all DBMs but at varying degrees. Corega produced the highest negative effect on roughness and color change while H2O2 dramatically affected the microhardness. Prolonged use of CDCs should be cautiously followed.

Impact of citric acid exposures on the erosion susceptibility and microhardness of anatomically different enamel surfaces

ObjectiveTo determine the indentation-load dependency of the observed changes in surface microhardness of occlusal and buccal enamel polished surfaces before and after a dietary acid exposure. MethodsEnamel specimens (n = 20) were obtained from previously extracted human molars. The samples were divided into two groups, buccal and occlusal (n = 10). Both groups were exposed to 0.3% citric acid at pH 2.7 over different time periods. The mean 3D step-heights defined by ISO 5436–1 standard of the erosion scar was calculated using a white light profilometer. Vickers microhardness testing was carried out to discriminate the surface mechanical changes and different loading regimens used to provide an estimate of depth related changes to the enamel sub-surface. Differences between groups were assessed using two-way ANOVA and post-hoc Sidak’s multiple comparisons tests at α = 0.05. ResultsA two-way ANOVA identified that erosion duration significantly influenced step-height (p < 0.01). The factorial analysis also identified a significant increase in step-height on occlusal surfaces compared to buccal surfaces (p < 0.01). At 5 min the mean 3D step-heights µm ± (SD) on the occlusal surface was 3.6 ± (0.65) and on the buccal surface was 3.1 ± (0.60) which increased after 60 mins to 32.9 ± (3.43) and 30.1 ± (3.34), respectively. In contrast to the non-eroded surface, increasing the indentation load on eroded enamel resulted in a significantly increased HV (p < 0.01) suggesting a significant modification to the enamel's response to an increasing indentation load. SignificanceOcclusal surfaces following acid exposure were more prone to erosion scar relative to buccal surfaces in vitro. Different loading regimens estimated the hardness of the erosive lesion from the outermost surface through the unaffected enamel.

The Effect of Salbutamol and Budesonide Pediatric Doses on Dental Enamel and Packable and Flowable Composites: Microhardness, Surface Roughness and Color.

To assess and compare the effects of two pediatric anti-asthmatic medication doses on the microhardness of enamel and microhardness, surface roughness and color of restorative materials. Human enamel samples and packable and flowable composite restorations were used. The samples were exposed to Salbutamol (0.6 mL/6 mL saline) and Budesonide (2 mL/2 mL saline) via a custom-made chamber connected to a nebulizer. Medication administration was conducted for 10 days. The samples were brushed with an electronic brush in a continuous and circular mode for 10 s after 10 min of medication administration. Assessments of microhardness, surface roughness and color were carried out at three different time intervals: baseline (T0), 5 days (T1) and 10 days (T2). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), a two-sample t-test and a Bonferroni multiple comparison test were used to analyze the data and compare between the groups. Both medications significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the microhardness of the enamel and composite samples after 10 days. Both medications lowered the surface roughness of both types of composite with a greater effect observed after 10 days of Budesonide administration (p < 0.05). Both medications had comparable detectable color change on both types of composite with a greater effect observed after 10 days of Budesonide administration (p < 0.05). Salbutamol and Budesonide significantly decreased microhardness in the enamel samples. Both medications affected the properties of packable and flowable composites. The packable composite showed more resistance to microhardness changes. Both medications showed a clinically detectable change in the color of packable and flowable composites.

Combining turning with slide burnishing to improve surface integrity and stress corrosion resistance

The surface characteristics play a pivotal role in stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance and fatigue life. Strengthening and modifying the material surface properties during manufacturing is a promising approach to improving the component service performance. Therefore, this study proposes a new surface finishing and strengthening mode that combines turning with slide burnishing (TSB) with a common turning tool. The core idea is that the cutting edge of the tool removes the material surface layer as a chip while the tool corner with a large radius performs a slide burnishing process on the manufactured surface. The machining-induced surface integrity in terms of residual stress, surface roughness, micro-hardness and microstructure changes was examined, and the SCC susceptibility was tested in a strong corrosion environment. The results showed that the surfaces processed by TSB suffered lower biaxial residual stresses, higher micro-hardness and deeper hardened layer when compared with the traditional turned surfaces. Besides, it was observed the TSB processed surfaces were less susceptible to SCC initiation which could be attributed to the lower residual stress introduced by TSB. Additionally, the multi-pass TSB treated surfaces showed significant low SCC susceptibility. Consequently, this work suggests that the surface integrity and the service performance like SCC resistance can be improved by TSB.

Magnetic and mechanical properties of 316L/410L/316L sandwich structure produced by direct energy deposition

Additive manufacturing (AM) has made significant achievements in traditional production over the past decade, offering competitive advantages for 3D printed products and creating new opportunities for various industries. One promising area of AM is the use of new materials and alloys in joint printing of multiple materials with varying chemical compositions to achieve gradient properties distribution. However, in-situ 3D printing of such multimaterials is a challenging task due to technological limitations and differences in physical properties of feedstock materials. This study examines the joint printability of ferromagnetic 410 L and paramagnetic 316 L steels using direct energy deposition (DED), and analyses the effect of post-treatment on sample properties. It is shown that the choice of optimal heat treatment mode can improve the mechanical properties of one steel and not affect the change of phase composition and microhardness of the other. The printed sandwich 316 L/410 L/316 L structure demonstrated strong bonding and mechanical properties, primarily determined by the properties of 316 L. Compare to 316 L sample with weak magnetic properties, magnetic saturation of 410 L fabricated steel exceeding 170 emu/g indicates strong ferromagnetic properties of this material. The combination these materials can be utilized in designing and fabricating various sensors or electric engines.

Improved femoral micro-architecture in adult male individuals with overweight: fracture resistance due to regional specificities.

It is still unclear whether femoral fracture risk is positively or negatively altered in individuals with overweight. Considering the lack of studies including men with overweight, this study aimed to analyze regional specificities in mechano-structural femoral properties (femoral neck and intertrochanteric region) in adult male cadavers with overweight compared to their normal-weight age-matched counterparts. Ex-vivo osteodensitometry, micro-computed tomography, and Vickers micro-indentation testing were performed on femoral samples taken from 30 adult male cadavers, divided into the group with overweight (BMI between 25 and 30 kg/m2; n = 14; age:55 ± 16 years) and control group (BMI between 18.5 and 25 kg/m2; n = 16; age:51 ± 18 years). Better quality of trabecular and cortical microstructure in the inferomedial (higher trabecular bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, and cortical thickness, coupled with reduced cortical pore diameter, p < 0.05) and superolateral femoral neck (higher trabecular number and tendency to lower cortical porosity, p = 0.043, p = 0.053, respectively) was noted in men with overweight compared to controls. Additionally, the intertrochanteric region of men with overweight had more numerous and denser trabeculae, coupled with a thicker and less porous cortex (p < 0.05). Still, substantial overweight-induced change in femoral osteodensitometry parameters and Vickers micro-hardness was not demonstrated in assessed femoral subregions (p > 0.05). Despite the absence of significant changes in femoral osteodensitometry, individuals with overweight had better trabecular and cortical femoral micro-architecture implying higher femoral fracture resistance. However, the microhardness was not significantly favorable in the individuals who were overweight, indicating the necessity for further research.

The long-term effect of sub-boiling water on dental unit waterlines and its ability to control cross-contamination in dentistry.

This study investigated the effect of water at high temperature on the physical and mechanical properties of polyurethane and on biofilm removal, aiming for its applicability in dental unit waterlines. The evaluations were carried out after simulating a 1-year period of daily immersion and measured changes in color, microhardness, surface roughness, and tensile strength before and after reproducing a disinfection protocol. For antibiofilm activity measurement, fragments of waterline were contaminated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and submitted to the disinfection protocols. Relative to effects on the physical and mechanical properties, immersion in water at 60°C did not promote changes in color and tensile strength. However, lower values were observed for microhardness and increased values for surface roughness. Regarding antibiofilm action, water at 60°C significantly reduced the microbial load and promoted substantial changes in cells morphology. In conclusion, disinfection with water at 60°C demonstrated possible application in controlling cross-contamination in dentistry.

FARKLI CAM İYONOMER SİMANLARIN RENK STABİLİTELERİ VE MİKROSERTLİKLERİ

Objective&#x0D; Glass ionomers are preferred in many different&#x0D; treatment procedures in dentistry due to their positive&#x0D; features. The aim of this study is to evaluate the&#x0D; color difference and microhardness values of various&#x0D; glass ionomer cement after storing them in different&#x0D; solutions.&#x0D; Material and Method&#x0D; A total of 120 samples were prepared, including 40 of&#x0D; each of the Equia Forte, AHfil Silver, and Ionofil glass&#x0D; ionomers. Each glass ionomer sample was stored in&#x0D; distilled water, cola, tea, and coffee solutions. Color&#x0D; and microhardness measurements of the specimens&#x0D; were performed before and after a week before it was&#x0D; immersed in solutions. The color measurements of the&#x0D; samples were evaluated with a spectrophotometer and&#x0D; microhardness values were evaluated with Vickers&#x0D; microhardness device. For color analysis, color&#x0D; changes (ΔE) were calculated by obtaining the values&#x0D; of L*, a*, and b* of the samples before and after a week&#x0D; after being immersed in solutions. The data obtained&#x0D; were evaluated by variance analysis (ANOVA) and&#x0D; Tukey’s test.&#x0D; Results&#x0D; Except for specimens stored in cola for AHfil Silver,&#x0D; microhardness values were increased for all materials&#x0D; immersed in test solutions. The highest color change&#x0D; was obtained in coffee for Equia Forte, in the samples&#x0D; immersed in cola for AHfil Silver and Ionophil (p

Improving surface integrity of electrical discharge machined ultra-fined grain Al-2017 by applying RC-type generator

Ultra-fined grain materials are thermodynamically unstable and they are prone to microstructural changes by small external energy. Electrical discharge machining is a thermo-electrical process that erodes the surface of the workpiece by melting and vaporizing the surface layers. During electrical discharge machining of the ultra-fined grain materials, recast layer, and heat-affected zone are formed on the surface layers of the workpiece, having several adverse effects, such as microstructural changes, grains growth, alternation of hardness, micro-cracks and changing the compositions. These effects result in losing the unique properties of the ultra-fined grain materials. Using an RC-type generator in the electrical discharge machining process, decreases the discharge duration, and therefore, instead of melting and vaporization, electrostatic forces remove the material properly. Eventually, the thickness of the recast layer and the heat-affected zone is decreased considerably. In this study, the effects of using an RC-type generator in the electrical discharge machining process on the ultra-fined grain aluminum samples are investigated and the results in roughing mode and finishing mode are compared with normal electrical discharge machining. The results show that by applying an RC-type generator, the thickness of the recast layer and heat-affected zone, the cracks density, the micro-hardness changes, and the surface roughness are tangibly decreased, and the surface quality is improved

Microstructure and properties of AlCrFeNiMoNb high-entropy alloys coating on ZM5 magnesium alloy prepared by high-velocity air fuel (HVAF) spray

AlCrFeNiMoNb high-entropy alloys were successfully coated onto a ZM5 alloy using high-velocity air fuel spray (HVAF). Microcomputed tomography(micro-CT) results revealed that the porosity of the coating was only 0.36%, which demonstrates the coating has a highly dense structure. The average microhardness of high-entropy alloys coating was ＞ 5 times greater than that of the ZM5 alloy substrate. The changes of ZM5 substrate microhardness can be attributed to dynamic recrystallisation. The corrosion potential (Ecorr) of the AlCrFeNiMoNb coating was improved to approximately∼ − 0.998 V and the corrosion current (Icorr) of the coating significantly decreased by two orders of magnitude. The wear volume loss of the coating was ∼15 times lower than that of the ZM5 substrate. This indicates that the coating of the AlCrFeNiMoNb high-entropy alloy on the ZM5 substrate significantly improved the wear resistance of the ZM5 alloy. The ZM5 alloy surface had better corrosion and wear resistance properties owing to the protection offered by the AlCrFeNiMoNb high-entropy alloy.

Comparison of the Surface Properties of 3D-printed Permanent Restorative Resins and Resin-based CAD/CAM Blocks.

This study aimed to investigate the surface roughness, microhardness, and color changes of resin-based computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) blocks and 3D-printed permanent resins in different beverages. Resin-based CAD/CAM blocks (Cerasmart 270 and Grandio Blocs) and 3D-printed permanent restorative resins (Crowntec and Permanent Crown) were used in this study. A total of 96 specimens were prepared from CAD/CAM blocks and 3D-printed permanent resins. The initial surface roughness, microhardness, and shade value of the specimens were measured. Then, the specimens prepared from each material were divided into three subgroups (n=8) and immersed in tea, coffee, and distilled water for 30 days. After the specimens were immersed in the beverages, the surface roughness, microhardness, and tone values were measured again. The data were statistically analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance test (p<0.05). No statistically significant difference was found in the surface roughness values of the resin-based CAD/CAM blocks and 3D-printed resins (p<0.05). Resin-based CAD/CAM blocks showed statistically significantly higher microhardness than 3D-printed permanent resins (p<0.05). Although the color changes in 3D-printed resins in tea and coffee were similar to those in resin-based CAD/CAM blocks on the first and seventh days, more color changes appeared in the 3D-printed resins after 30 days. The surface roughness and microhardness values of the specimens submerged in tea, coffee, and distilled water showed no statistically significant changes (p<0.05). Although the surface roughness of 3D-printed permanent resins was similar to that of resin-based CAD/CAM blocks, they had a lower microhardness value. Moreover, 3D-printed permanent resins showed more color changes in tea and coffee.

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND INCORPORATION OF CR ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE AND HARDNESS OF TITANIUM ANODIZED WITH HCL AND GLYCEROL

Currently, electrochemical anodizing is one of the most common processes in materials science, since, under the right conditions, it allows to modify the material surface without damaging it by means of redox reactions, generating an oxide layer that protects the material and improves its properties. In this paper, grade 2 titanium was anodized using a solution of hydrochloric acid, glycerol, and deionized water as electrolyte, and 0.5 M K2CrO4 as doping agent, with a voltage of 30 V for 4.5 h. After anodizing with and without chromium, annealing was performed at different temperatures (500[Formula: see text]C, 600[Formula: see text]C and 700[Formula: see text]C) to promote structural and microhardness changes. The samples were analyzed by FE-SEM observing that the formation of nanostructures changes according to the heat treatment, where samples at 700[Formula: see text]C with chromium begin to form nanorods and, compared to those without chromium, the nanorods are longer. The presence of Cr in anodized TiO2 at different temperatures was confirmed by EDS technique. Using XRD, the microstructure of TiO2 anodized with and without Cr was analyzed and anatase and rutile phases were found, with greater presence of anatase for samples with Cr. Finally, a maximum hardness of up to 10.27 GPa was obtained from the sample at 700[Formula: see text]C without chromium, which is higher compared to the values of coatings with Cr. However, the anatase phase could be stabilized at higher temperatures making it suitable for medical applications since the anatase phase is the most biocompatible.

Magnetic non-destructive evaluation of microstructural and mechanical characteristics of hardened AISI H13 die steel upon sustainable grinding

This paper describes the potential of non-destructive techniques such as micro-magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) to assess the grinding burn flaws in terms of microstructural and mechanical indices of hardened AISI H13 die steel. To overcome this grinding burn issue, minimum quantity lubrication grinding with eco-friendly machining fluids like paraffin oil (PO) and castor oil (CO) was adopted and compared its performance with well-established conventional grinding like wet and dry. Ground surface integrity with castor oil (CO) was found to be significantly improvement in surface quality including lower surface roughness (Rα: 0.23 μm and Rz: 1.83 μm) with uniform surface topography, absence of oxidization and carbonization film, and negligible change in microhardness and microstructure. The reason is strong and uniform anti-friction and anti-wear tribo-film was produced by castor oil, which minimizes heat penetration through limited ploughing and rubbing action. The MBN outcome i.e., root mean square (RMS) has followed a linear relation with microhardness and temperature of the ground sample with a correlation coefficient of 0.993 and 0.981. Besides, lower amplitude and wide peak envelope get shifted towards a higher magnetic field in the MQL-CO grinding caused by poor thermal softening effect on the ground sample, which restricts magnetic domain wall movement and rotation. These outcomes could guide tooling industries for efficient sustainable grinding with faster thermal damage assessment, which helps to minimize production cycle time and back to clean environment.