Microencapsulated Phase Change Materials Research Articles

A Mathematical Model for Dynamic Thermal Behavior of Multilayer Clothing System Incorporated with Microencapsulated Phase Change Materials

A Mathematical Model for Dynamic Thermal Behavior of Multilayer Clothing System Incorporated with Microencapsulated Phase Change Materials

Thermochromic microencapsulated phase change materials for cold energy storage application in vaccine refrigerator

The development of pharmaceutical cold chain logistics calls for thermochromic microencapsulated phase change materials (TC-MPCMs) to fit the demand of temperature indication and low temperature (2–8 °C) cold storage. In this study, TC-MPCMs for low temperature were constructed by encapsulating crystal violet lactone (CVL), bisphenol A (BPA) and n-tetradecane & n-dodecanol (aliphatic compound) binary system into melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resin. The effects of emulsifier type, n-dodecanol content, and core/shell ratio on the performance of TC-MPCMs were investigated. Results indicate that TC-MPCMs with SMA: gelatin ratio of 2:1 exhibit the best morphology and uniform dispersion, with particle size distribution between 4.5 μm and 19.5 μm. TC-MPCMs with 25 wt% 12OH and core/shell of 1.85 demonstrate excellent property in terms of the encapsulation efficiency, melting enthalpy and color difference, which are 67.80 %, 169.90 J/g and 23.39, respectively. Synthesized TC-MPCMs present outstanding thermal durability during 100 thermal cycles and have an appreciable thermal stability at temperature not exceeding 96 °C. The vaccine refrigerator was designed which can maintain a low temperature (2–8 °C) for 12.8 min.

A Comprehensive Review on the Thermal Stability Assessment of Polymers and Composites for Aeronautics and Space Applications.

This review article provides an exhaustive survey on experimental investigations regarding the thermal stability assessment of polymers and polymer-based composites intended for applications in the aeronautical and space fields. This review aims to: (1) come up with a systematic and critical overview of the state-of-the-art knowledge and research on the thermal stability of various polymers and composites, such as polyimides, epoxy composites, and carbon-filled composites; (2) identify the key factors, mechanisms, methods, and challenges that affect the thermal stability of polymers and composites, such as the temperature, radiation, oxygen, and degradation; (3) highlight the current and potential applications, benefits, limitations, and opportunities of polymers and composites with high thermal stability, such as thermal control, structural reinforcement, protection, and energy conversion; (4) give a glimpse of future research directions by providing indications for improving the thermal stability of polymers and composites, such as novel materials, hybrid composites, smart materials, and advanced processing methods. In this context, thermal analysis plays a crucial role in the development of polyimide-based materials for the radiation shielding of space solar cells or spacecraft components. The main strategies that have been explored to improve the processability, optical transparency, and radiation resistance of polyimide-based materials without compromising their thermal stability are highlighted. The combination of different types of polyimides, such as linear and hyperbranched, as well as the incorporation of bulky pendant groups, are reported as routes for improving the mechanical behavior and optical transparency while retaining the thermal stability and radiation shielding properties. Furthermore, the thermal stability of polymer/carbon nanocomposites is discussed with particular reference to the role of the filler in radiation monitoring systems and electromagnetic interference shielding in the space environment. Finally, the thermal stability of epoxy-based composites and how it is influenced by the type and content of epoxy resin, curing agent, degree of cross-linking, and the addition of fillers or modifiers are critically reviewed. Some studies have reported that incorporating mesoporous silica micro-filler or microencapsulated phase change materials (MPCM) into epoxy resin can enhance its thermal stability and mechanical properties. The mesoporous silica composite exhibited the highest glass transition temperature and activation energy for thermal degradation among all the epoxy-silica nano/micro-composites. Indeed, an average activation energy value of 148.86 kJ/mol was recorded for the thermal degradation of unfilled epoxy resin. The maximum activation energy range was instead recorded for composites loaded with mesoporous microsilica. The EMC-5p50 sample showed the highest mean value of 217.6 kJ/mol. This remarkable enhancement was ascribed to the polymer invading the silica pores and forging formidable interfacial bonds.

High thermal storage polyurethane composite embedded with microencapsulated phase change materials and analysis of its unsteady heat transfer

High thermal storage polyurethane composite embedded with microencapsulated phase change materials and analysis of its unsteady heat transfer

Deep learning-assisted calculation of apparent activation energy for cement-based systems incorporating microencapsulated phase change materials

Sustained efforts have been directed towards understanding the effects of microencapsulated phase change materials (MPCMs) on the microstructural and mechanical strength development of portland cement-based systems. Yet, the sensitivity of the hydration reaction kinetics of MPCM-integrated cementitious systems to temperature remains largely unexplored. This study proposes a deep learning framework to simulate the hydration process and calculate the apparent activation energy of such cementitious composites. Extensive isothermal calorimetry tests were carried out to compile a robust time-dependent dataset for developing various pertinent machine learning models. Initially, it was demonstrated that the deep neural network outperformed the gradient boosting ensemble in predicting the hydration rate and cumulative heat. Furthermore, the hydration parameters and apparent activation energy of diverse cement-based systems incorporating MPCMs were calculated based on the predictions of the deep learning model. It was found that the addition of MPCMs at 10 and 20 wt% of cement reduced the apparent activation energy by nearly 10% and 28%, respectively, indicating less sensitivity of the hydration reactions to temperature. Ultimately, the results of this study can help better understand the effects of high-temperature curing on mechanical strength development and calculate the temperature-related stresses and potential thermal cracking in hydrating concretes made with MPCM inclusions.

Microencapsulation of eutectic phase change materials for temperature management of the satellite electronic board

In the present study, microencapsulation of phase change materials (PCMs) has been carried out for effectively managing the temperature of satellite electronic boards. Eutectic fatty acids are chosen as the core material, and melamine–formaldehyde is utilized as the shell material to synthesize microcapsules tailored to meet the specific operating conditions of the electronic board. The synthesized microcapsules are characterized by different analyses. The Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) indicates no chemical interactions between the core and shell materials, ensuring the stability of the encapsulation process. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) measurements show the highest encapsulation ratio of 73.26% for the core–shell ratio of 2:1. The MPCMs exhibit a well-defined core–shell structure, with a spherical shape and an average diameter of 4.5 µm, as observed through scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analyses. Furthermore, the practical application of these microencapsulated PCMs (MPCMs) in managing the temperature of the satellite electronic board is explored. At constant electric powers of 4, 6, 8, and 10 W, the microcapsules introduce significant delays in reaching the critical temperature of 55 °C, with delays of 17, 12, 11, and 4.5 min, respectively. Additionally, under pulsed electric power conditions (8 W, 10 min on/80 min off), the maximum temperature with microcapsules reaches 50 °C, while without MPCMs, it reaches a much higher 73 °C. The results of this study demonstrate that the synthesized MPCMs are an effective and promising approach for temperature management of satellite electronic boards.

A review on microencapsulated phase change materials in building materials

A review on microencapsulated phase change materials in building materials

Effects of microencapsulated phase change materials on chloride ion transport properties of geopolymers incorporating slag and, metakaolin, and cement-based mortars

The addition of microencapsulated phase change materials (MPCMs) to geopolymers is a technological alternative for meeting the thermal comfort and energy efficiency requirements of buildings. However, current research is limited to the effects of MPCM addition on mechanical and thermal performances of geopolymers. New MPCM applications, therefore, require additional research on durability indicators (chloride diffusivity, porosity, absorption, etc.). The objective of this research is to examine the effects of MPCM addition on sodium chloride ion transport properties of geopolymer mortars based on a combination of blast furnace slag and metakaolin, and Portland cement based mortars. Twelve different mortars (three cement-based and nine geopolymer-based) are studied by varying the MPCM content (0%, 5% and 10%, respectively) within two types of mortar: a geopolymer mortar (GPM) and a cement mortar (CM). With this aim in view, a series of characterizations are conducted, including determination of total porosity by water saturation, analysis of pore structure distribution by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), measurement of electrical resistivity, capillary water uptake, stationary-state migration coefficient “Dss” and non-stationary-state migration coefficient “Dnss”, and determination of chloride ion binding capacity. The results show that MPCM addition increases total porosity, which in turn increases capillary water absorption and decreases GPM and CM electrical resistivity. Conversely, MPCM addition also reduces critical diameter and pore connectivity, due of the agglomeration effect. MPCMs also increase chloride ion binding capacity. Both effects results in decreased stationary state migration coefficient. Finally, the study shows that the chemical reaction of GPM with chloride ions delays chloride penetration in stationary state conditions. However, the same is not true for the non-stationary state method. This demonstrates the technical limitations of this method for the characterization of GPM in comparison to CM.

Performance and life cycle assessment of pillow plate heat exchanger utilizing microencapsulated phase change material slurry

The pillow plate heat exchanger is a promising and relatively new heat exchanger design that enhances heat transfer by augmenting flow turbulence. This study focuses on further enhancing the heat exchanger’s performance by utilizing Microencapsulated Phase Change Material (MPCM) slurry which increases the heat capacity of the working fluid. So, the heat transfer characteristics, flow performance, and life cycle assessment of the pillow plate heat exchanger when employing MPCM slurry with varying particle concentrations are evaluated. The investigation takes into account the intricate phenomenon of conjugate heat transfer between channels, enabling a comprehensive analysis of the system's behaviour. To avoid modelling errors, a lab-scale heat exchanger is simulated instead of using periodic boundary conditions to capture the effects of both developing and fully developed regions. The results showed that temperature distribution in the heat exchanger is highly affected by developing regions in both inner and outer channels. Meanwhile, by adding MPCM, a better cooling performance with a lower temperature variation in cold temperatures is provided at the cost of a higher pressure drop. However, 6.2% enhancement in the heat transfer rate is achieved by using a 15% MPCM concentration which is a considerable amount in thermal management systems in industries requiring efficient heat dissipation, such as electronics cooling. The Life Cycle Assessment indicated that although there is a slight increment in emissions as the concentration of MPCM increases, the overall impact is minimal on the environment.

The preparation of a suspension of microencapsulated phase change material (MPCM) and thermal conductivity enhanced by MXene for thermal energy storage

A suspension of microencapsulated phase change material (MPCM) and thermal conductivity enhanced by MXene for thermal energy storage was prepared. The dispersion stability of MPCM-suspensions and MPCM-suspensions/MXene was investigated. The phase change behaviors of MPCM-suspensions and MPCM-suspensions/MXene were measured. The thermal conductivity and viscosity of MPCM-suspensions and MPCM-suspensions/MXene at various temperatures from 20 °C to 60 °C were tested. The thermal performance of MPCM-suspensions and MPCM-suspensions/MXene was evaluated by the temperature detection system. Results manifest that the mass ratio of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) to water of 42:58 can be used to prepare the MPCM-suspension with good dispersion stability and the MPCM-suspension containing MXene within 0.5 wt% can maintain the good dispersion stability. The latent heat of suspensions increases with the increase of MPCM and MXene has little effect on the latent heat of MPCM-suspensions. The thermal conductivity of suspensions decreases gradually and the viscosity increases dramatically with the increase of MPCM. MXene can significantly enhance the thermal conductivity of MPCM-suspensions and MXene within 0.3 wt% can decrease the viscosity of MPCM-suspensions. The temperature of the heated suspensions decreases gradually with the increase of MPCM. MXene can effectively increase the temperature of the heated MPCM-suspensions at early stage. The prepared MPCM-suspension/MXene has good dispersion stability and low viscosity, high thermal conductivity and latent heat, and can be applied as an efficient functional thermal fluid for thermal energy storage.

Machine learning-based apparent activation energy estimation for cementitious composites incorporating phase change materials

Phase change materials (PCMs) have emerged as a promising solution to reduce the operational energy consumption and carbon emissions of buildings in recent years. Concrete, as the most-consumed construction material, has been widely used as the host medium to incorporate PCMs. Despite integrating latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) capacity, microencapsulated PCMs (MPCMs) have proven to impact the hydration process and strength development of cement mortars and concretes due to several probable mechanisms proposed in the literature. Yet, the effect of MPCM addition on the maturity of cement-based composites needs further investigation. Therefore, this study employs a machine learning (ML) model to study the effect of diverse MPCMs having different thermophysical properties on the strength development of cement mortars and concretes cured under various temperatures. For this purpose, a dataset of mixture designs for MPCM-integrated concretes was compiled and a powerful ML model was developed. Results indicated that the ML model successfully captured the effect of MPCM incorporation on the strength development of mixtures cured at different temperatures. Furthermore, the predictor model was utilized to calculate the apparent activation energy of MPCM-integrated cement-based composites to enable the prediction of compressive strength using maturity curves. It was found that the addition of MPCMs reduced the apparent activation energy of the composites which is indicative of lower sensitivity of strength development to curing temperature. Accordingly, the addition of MPCMs at 10 and 15 wt% of cement reduced the apparent activation energy by approximately 25 and 32%, respectively. Additionally, the most influential parameters contributing to the strength gain of such composites were identified which can further assist the optimization of mixture design. The obtained results can be deployed to study the cracking behavior of hydrating MPCM-integrated concrete exposed to temperature variations in future research.

Optimization strategies of microencapsulated phase change materials for thermal energy storage

Phase change materials (PCMs) have attracted much attention for their ability to store and release sizeable latent heat via the isothermal phase transition process. However, pure PCMs have the disadvantages of leakage and low thermal conductivity. Encapsulation technology has become a research hotspot, which can play an active role in improving these problems. Although the heat storage performance of microencapsulated phase change materials (MEPCMs) is better than that of pure PCMs, the disadvantages of high supercooling, poor mechanical durability still needs to be improved. There are some reviews on the encapsulation of PCMs or the practical application of MEPCMs. Still, few reviews focus integrally on thermal storage performance optimization strategies and the preparation of MEPCMs. We introduce the encapsulation methods of PCMs including physical, chemical, and physical-chemical methods, and present the advantages and disadvantages of these methods. Increasing thermal conductivity, reducing supercooling, and enhancing mechanical durability are vital to improve the performance of MEPCMs. These measures include modifying the shell materials, changing the core-shell structure and core-shell ratio, adding nucleating agents, etc. We hope that this review will serve as a useful guide and contribute to the preparation and performance optimization of MEPCMs.

Thermal performance enhancement of high durability alloy microencapsulated phase change material (MEPCM)/ceramic composites based on industrial graphene

Metallic phase change material (PCM)/ceramic composites have emerged as promising candidates for medium and high-temperature thermal energy storage (TES) due to their excellent performance. However, challenges associated with leakage and oxidation in metals, along with the limited thermal conductivity of ceramic matrices, restrict further performance enhancement. Herein, an alloy microencapsulated phase change material (MEPCM) is prepared as a PCM using the “double-layer coating, sacrificial inner layer” method, followed by compounding it with a ceramic matrix and industrial graphene (IG). Based on this, a novel IG/SnBi58 MEPCM/ceramic composite is prepared and its performances are investigated. The results show that the composite with 12 wt% IG exhibits optimum performance: a thermal conductivity of 5.75 W/(m·K), 86.1% higher than without IG, melting enthalpy of 73.71 J/cm3, and compressive strength of 49.38 MPa. Furthermore, the microencapsulation of alloys fundamentally solves the PCM leakage issue within the composite and enables its good component compatibility. The heat storage density reaches 399.1 MJ/m3, over 2.3 times that of traditional quartz sensible heat storage materials. Owing to the thermally expanded cavities created by “double-layer coating, sacrificial inner layer” method, the prepared MEPCM demonstrates high thermal reliability, so the composite maintains stable thermal properties and chemical structure after 500 thermal cycles. Finally, the comparative analysis reveals that the composite combines higher thermal conductivity, compressive strength, heat storage density, and thermal cycle stability than other composite heat storage materials. This work provides a new strategy to meet the demand for high-performance heat storage materials in medium-temperature TES applications.

Analysis and optimization of thermo-hydraulic characteristics of phase change slurry in wavy MCHS with porous fins based on RSM and desirability methods

In this study, the hydromechanical and diathermanous characteristics of microencapsulated phase change material (MPCM) slurry in wavy microchannel heat sink (MCHS) with porous fins are investigated by using two–phase mixture and Dacry–Brinkman–Forchheimer models. Based on the finite volume method (FVM) and response surface methodology (RSM), 54 cases considering 6 structural parameters are carried out. The correlations of Nusselt number (Nu) and friction factor (f) in straight and wavy microchannels with phase change slurry and porous fin designs are creatively proposed and unified. The maximum deviations between the actual and predicted values of Nu and f are 13.24% and 14.21%, respectively. In addition, the effects of radiator's parameters on Nu and f are emphatically discussed and analyzed by using three-dimensional surface diagram. It reveals that within the range of parameters tested, wavy amplitude (A) has the most obvious effect on responses, while channel aspect ratio (α) has the least impact on them. Moreover, the interactive effects between the five structural parameters are significant and complex, as one factor influences the impact of another on responses. Finally, the optimal parameters are obtained by desirability method with the goal of maximum Nu and minimum f. The results indicate that the overall performance of optimized configuration improved by 48.6% over the initial design. Our results may provide helpful guidance for the optimization design of MCHS, as significant improvement in heat transfer coefficient is expected to save substantial operating costs.

Evaluation of the integrated performance for floor heating using micro-encapsulated phase change material slurry

The micro-encapsulated phase change material (MPCM) slurry has the advantage of high heat transfer performance and heat capacity. Using MPCM slurry in the radiant floor heating (RFH) system could improve the indoor environment, but the overall performance was highly affected by heat transfer and pressure drop. In this paper, the flow and heat transfer model of MPCM slurry was developed and verified. The performance of serpentine and counterflow spiral structures was compared. Afterward, the optimized MPCM slurry material was selected as the heat transfer medium in RFH systems. Meanwhile, the flow and thermal performance of water and MCPM slurry were compared. Finally, the effects of different volume fractions and inlet velocities on integrated performance were investigated. The results indicated that the comprehensive performance of the serpentine system was better than the counterflow spiral. When the volume fraction was 15%, the comprehensive evaluation coefficients of three MPCM slurry heat systems are 17.9%, 22.9% and 13.8% higher than water respectively. MPCMS2 (n-dodecane) was suitable to use as the heat transferring medium in RFH system. Furthermore, as the volume fractions were 10%, 20% and 30%, the optimized velocities were 0.5 m s−1, 0.9 m s−1 and 1.1 m s−1, respectively.

Microencapsulated waste cooking oil derivatives for building thermoregulation

The utilization of waste resources and the intelligence of building materials are of great significance to the sustainable development of human society. A novel type of microencapsulated phase change material (MPCM) with a phase change heat storage capability was prepared in this paper through the suspension polymerization method using methyl palmitate (MP) derived from waste cooking oil as core materials. Meanwhile, the response of foamed concrete containing MPCM to ambient temperature change was investigated. According to the experimental findings, the MPCM's phase change temperature, phase change enthalpy, and decomposition temperature are respectively 20 °C, 68 J/g, and 215 °C, which is extremely suitable for the external walls of buildings to adjust the indoor temperature. Moreover, the particle size of the MPCM is about 100 μm-220 μm, which can fill part of the voids in foam concrete to increase its strength. Additionally, the infrared thermal imaging experiment indicates that the foam concrete containing 10 wt% MPCM can maintain 4 °C-5 °C gap with the ambient temperature, which demonstrates that the MPCM can significantly mitigate the impact of ambient temperature on buildings. The findings of the study contribute to the intellectualization of building materials and the recycling of waste resources.

Effects of Microencapsulated Phase Change Material on the Behavior of Silty Soil Subjected to Freeze–Thaw Cycles

Freeze–thaw (F-T) cycles are one of the most important factors affecting the performance of silty soils with high kaolin content in seasonally freezing regions. This study investigates the improvement of a high-plasticity clayey silt soil (MH) with microencapsulated phase change material (mPCM) to prevent changes in mechanical properties when subjected to freeze–thaw cycles. Unconfined compression, one-dimensional compression, and freeze and thaw tests were performed to evaluate the behavior of treated soil under different freeze/thaw cycles and with different mPCM ratios. It has been observed that the mPCM additive decreased the unconfined compression strength (UCS); however, the strength of the soil held constant during the increasing F-T cycles, and the increase in the mPCM additive content increased the strength of the soil. The inclusion of mPCM affected the compression of the soil and increased settlement (∆H), although the settlement remained constant with increasing freeze–thaw cycles. It has been noted that the compression behavior, which is least affected by the unconfined compressive strength and freeze/thaw cycles, is achieved with the addition of 10% mPCM. As a result of the tests, it was determined that the most suitable additive mPCM ratio is 10% for the compression and strength behaviors.

MnO2 decorated double-shell microencapsulated phase change materials for photothermal conversion and storage

Solar energy is considered as a renewable energy source, but it still exists imbalance between energy supply and energy consumption. Although phase change materials (PCMs) can supply an effective way to improve solar energy utilization efficiency with the help of their excellent energy storage capacity, their poor solar-thermal conversion performance significantly reduces energy storage capacity and seriously restricts their applications in solar energy utilization fields. Herein, this work innovatively prepared MnO2-decorated double-shell microencapsulated PCMs using electrochemical adsorption and redox methods to cover a second compact shell of MnO2 on the first polymeric shell, which integrate the advantages of organic and inorganic shell materials with multi-functions and broaden the wide-spread applications of PCMs. The MnO2-decorated double-shell endows the microencapsulated PCMs with multi-functions and broadens their wide-spread applications. The excellent electrochemical and optical performances of MnO2 shell provide the microencapsulated PCMs with a high light-to-heat conversion efficiency of 93 %, and also endow the composite PCMs with a specific capacitance of 364 F/g. Meanwhile, phase change enthalpy of the microencapsulated PCMs is in the range of 133.56–152.71 J/g. These results confirm that the MnO2-decorated double-shell microencapsulated PCMs have a considerable potential in solar energy utilization and electrochemical fields.

Preparation and properties of erythritol/exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets @ polyaniline microencapsulated phase change materials with improved photothermal conversion efficiency

Multifunctional microencapsulated phase change materials (MePCMs) with sugar alcohols as core and functional polymers as shell are of great importance for the applications of sugar alcohols as phase change materials (PCMs). However, the preparation of such kinds of MePCMs was restricted due to the water solubility and the high phase change temperature of sugar alcohols. Herein, we proposed a facial method and prepared a series of novel multifunctional sugar alcohols @ polyaniline (PANI) MePCMs with m-erythritol (ME) as core, PANI as shell, and exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs) as thermal conductive and photothermal conversion enhancement fillers. The prepared MePCMs were composed of GNPs@ME particles microencapsulated by PANI shell when the loading of GNPs was no more than 4 wt%. Otherwise, the GNPs@ME particles would be wrapped by excessive GNPs at first and then microencapsulated by the PANI shell. The prepared MePCMs exhibited good anti-leakage performance. The latent heat storage capacity of the prepared MePCMs could attain 254.3 J·g−1. The thermal conductivity of the MePCMs with 8 wt% GNPs could be greatly enhanced to 196 % higher than that of the MePCMs without GNPs. Meanwhile, due to the synergetic nucleating effect of PANI and GNPs, the supercooling of ME in the MePCM was effectively suppressed from about 100 °C to about 56 °C with 2 wt% GNPs. The prepared MePCMs also exhibited excellent photothermal conversion performance. Consequently, the results reported here could pave the way for the preparation of sugar alcohol-based multifunctional MePCMs for solar thermal applications and latent heat storage systems.

Development of Composite Microencapsulated Phase Change Materials for Multi-Temperature Thermal Energy Storage

Phase change energy storage materials have been recognized as potential energy-saving materials for balancing cooling and heating demands in buildings. However, individual phase change materials (PCM) with single phase change temperature cannot be adapted to different temperature requirements. To this end, the concept of fabricating different kinds of microencapsulated PCM (MEPCM) and combing them to form a multiphase change material (MPCM) for multi-seasonal applications in buildings has been proposed. To prove the feasibility of this idea, three kinds of MEPCMs were fabricated and used for the development of three different composite MPCMs, classified as MPCM-1, MPCM-2, and MPCM-3. Analysis of the results shows that each MPCM sample was able to release latent heat at two different temperatures thus making them suitable for multi-temperature thermal energy storage applications. The phase change temperatures of the MPCMs were however found to be slightly reduced by 0.09–0.31 °C as compared with the MEPCMs samples. The measured energy storage capacities for the MPCMs were also reduced in the range of 6.3–11.4% as compared with the theoretical values but they displayed relatively good thermal stability behaviour of up to 197.8–218.8 °C. It was further identified that the phase change temperatures and latent heat of the MPCM was attributed to the weight percentages of individual components, as the theoretical values for the three MPCM samples were all in good accordance with the measured values. Therefore, optimizing the weight ratios of the MEPCM in MPCM samples and their corresponding thermophysical properties based on specific climatic conditions would be a necessary step to take in future investigations. Thermal performance enhancement of the MPCM is also being recommended as an essential part of further research.