Microbiological Products Research Articles

PERFIL MICROBIOLÓGICO DE POLPA DE FRUTAS PRODUZIDAS E COMERCIALIZADAS NOS ESTADOS DO CEARÁ E RIO GRANDE DO NORTE

O presente trabalho pretende subsidiar a elaboração de padrões de identidade e qualidade (P.I.Q.) para polpa de frutas tropicais congeladas. Inicialmente estão sendo avaliados os sabores acerola, cajá e caju. Amostras provenientes dos Estado do Ceará e do Rio Grande do Norte foram submetidas a contagem de bactérias aeróbias mesófilas, contagem de bolores e leveduras, determinação do número mais provável (NMP) de coliformes totais e coliformes fecais e pesquisa de Salmonella. Do ponto de vista sanitário constatou-se que, de acordo com a Portaria 001/87 para suco de frutas congeladas, 49,02% das amostras de polpa de acerola, 25,0% das amostras de polpa de cajá e 51,42% das amostras de polpa de caju analisadas apresentaram-se fora dos padrões quanto a contagem de bolores e leveduras, e que 8,11% das amostras de polpa de caju, apresentaram coliformes fecais. Os resultados referentes a contagem padrão em placas revelam condições precárias de higiene durante a produção das polpas. Entre as amostras analisadas não foi detectada a presença de Salmonella.

Biological enantioselective reduction of methylcyclohexanones by Glomerella cingulata

Biological reduction of alkylcyclohexanones by Glomerella cingulata was studied. With this organism regioisomeric 2-, 3- or 4-methylcyclohexanone gave the corresponding cis- and trans-methylcyclohexanols. The major metabolites of (±)-2- and (±)-3-methylcyclohexanone were cis-2- and cis-3-methyl-cyclohexanol. On the other hand, 4-methylcyclohexanone yielded mainly the trans-4-methylcyclohexanol. In addition, the metabolites from (±)-2- and (±)-3-methylcyclohexanone indicated enantioselective reduction by specific optical rotation of the products. The enantiomeric excesses of the microbiological reduction products were determined by NMR spectra of (+)-MTPA-esters of the alcohols produced. The reduction of (±)-2-methylcyclohexanone was stereospecific, with the (2R)-ketone being converted to the corresponding (+)-cis-2-methylcyclohexanol (1S-2R) ; absolute configuration, 92% e.e. On the other hand, the enantiomeric excess of the major metabolite of (±)-3-methylcyclohexanone was(-)-cis-3-methylcyclohexanol (1S-3R) ; absolute configuration, 33% e.e.

Cause and detection of off‐odours in unprinted paperboard

AbstractShort‐chain fatty acids are frequently responsible for off‐odours in unprinted paperboard. They are formed as microbiological metabolic products in the circuit water of the paper mill and are absorbed on the paperboard. A gas chromatographic method for detecting these organic acids is described which seems to be suitable for quality control of unprinted paperboards. The various off‐odours associated with paperboard can be explained via the specific composition of the fatty acids.

Patent protection of biotechnological developments

Patents can be granted with respect to microbiological processes and products therefrom. In principle it is necessary to deposit a culture of the microorganisms at a recognized depository institution. The deposited culture is available upon request to any person from the date of publication of the patent application. Consequently, there is a great risk that the applicant's product is used by other people.

Evaluation of deuterated cholesterol and deuterated sitostanol for measurement of cholesterol absorption in humans

The continuous isotope feeding method of Crouse and Grundy (1978. J. Lipid Res. 19: 967-971) for measurement of dietary cholesterol absorption has been modified by using markers labeled with stable isotopes ([2,2,4,4,6-2H5]cholesterol or [25,26,26,26,27,27,27-2H4]cholesterol or [26,26,26,27,27,27-2H6] cholesterol and [5,6,22,23-2H4]sitostanol) quantified by gas-liquid chromatography-selected ion monitoring. Tracing of the isotope distribution of the authentic markers and after their intestinal passage, including the microbiological products (coprostanol and coprostanone) revealed stability of the labels. The new method was evaluated in six monkeys on two occasions by comparison with the original method using radioactively labeled cholesterol and sitosterol. The results obtained by the two different methods were in excellent agreement, and absorption ranged from 49% to 73% (mean 60%) for the stable isotope method and from 51% to 69% (mean 62%) for the radioactive method. The coefficient of variation of cholesterol absorption in animals ranged from 3.9% to 15.1% (mean 7.1%) for stable isotopes and 1.9% to 13.6% (mean 5.7%) for radioactive isotopes. In twelve subjects cholesterol absorption was measured by the new method from total fecal samples frozen immediately and compared to results obtained from small fecal aliquots (approximately 1 g) sent by ordinary mail to the laboratory. A significant correlation of cholesterol absorption between the two different sample handlings was obtained (r = 0.981, P < 0.001). In addition, measurement of cholesterol absorption twice in seven volunteers 2 weeks apart revealed identical results. Thus, the new method is extremely safe and reproducible without radioactive exposure to the subjects and labortory staff and can be used on women of child-bearing age.

Health effects of organic dusts in the farm environment. Report on agents.

Recommendations were formulated on sampling strategies and characteristics of different sampling methods. Microbiological products, such as endotoxins and proteases were suggested to be included apart from traditional dust measurements. It was recommended that priority should be given to establishing dose-response relationships and that the importance of anaerobic organisms be evaluated. A summary of components within organic dust suspected of contributing to respiratory disease was presented.

Rapid tumor regression and induction of tumor-regressing activity in serum by various immune-modulating agents

A rapid decrease in the number of tumor cells from S180 tumors was caused by several antitumor polysaccharides including the β(1–3)glucans lentinan and TAK-N and a mannoglucan MGA, but not by those lacking antitumor activity. MGA was demonstrated to induce potent tumor-regressing activity in the serum of tumor-bearing mice similar to that reported previously to be induced after an injection of CM-TAK, a carboxymethylated β(1–3)glucan. It is probable that the induction of rapid regression of established tumors is a phenomenon common to antitumor polysaccharides and some microbiological products and that the tumor-regressing factor in the serum underlies a common mechanism.

Postmortem Dating of Putrefied Material Through Ptomaine Estimation

Abstract Ptomaines, also known as putrefactive bases, are microbiological degradation products of postmortem protein catabolism and have caused much concern for forensic toxicologists for more than 100 years [1,2]. In 1885 Brieger [3] noted, in a review of the considerable volume of literature that existed even then, “that no facet of medical research, even extending into the present day, is so confused and devoid of actual results, as the field of the so-called putrefaction or cadaveric alkaloids.” (The term ptomaine originates from Selmi [4] who, through the Stass-Otto method, succeeded in isolating from cadaveric material noncrystalline products that could be confused with morphine, codeine, and atropine in their reactions and effects.) Brieger's major contribution was to deviate from the standard practice of establishing such cadaveric alkaloids through experiments with aminals and chemical reactions by demonstrating the chemical individuality of the body and investigating its composition [3]. He succeeded in identifying (besides neurine, muscarine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, and diethylamine) two diamines that he named “cadaverine” and “putrescine” that were then unknown to chemistry. Cadaverine was identified as pentylethyldiamine and putrescine was supposed to be a dimethylated ethyldiamine.

Microbiological transformation products of 1,6-dimethylnaphthalene

6-Methyl-1-hydroxymethylnaphthalene, 6-methyl-1-naphthoic acid, and 6-hydroxymethyl-1-naphthoic acid were isolated and identified as being the microbiological transformation products of 1,6-dimethyl-naphthalene.

Gentisic acid as a microbiological oxidation product of naphthalene

Gentisic acid was isolated and identified by physicochemical methods as being the microbiological oxidation product of naphthalene.

Microbiological transformation products of 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene

1. In the microbiological transformation of 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene by a culture ofPseudomonas putida the CH3 groups are oxidized without cleaving the naphthalene ring. 2. Employing UV, IR, NMR, and mass spectrometry, we determined the microbiological oxidation products of 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene and a scheme was proposed for its transformation.

4-Hydroxylindole-acetic acid ? The microbiological transformation product of indole-3-acetic acid

The isolation of an unknown intermediary in the microbiological transformation of indole-3-acetic acid to 4-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid may help us to determine the structure of 4-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid.

MICROBIOLOGICAL AND NATURAL PRODUCT SYSTEMS FOR THE PROTECTION OF COASTAL SHORELINES FROM OIL SPILLS AND OIL CONTAMINATION

ABSTRACT A study has been conducted to determine the applicability and utility of microbiological systems and natural plant products for the protection of rocky shorelines and pebbly beaches from oil spills and oil contamination. Experimental evidence has been collected indicating that various physical forms of certain microorganisms and several natural plant polysaccharides are effective in preventing the surfaces of dry rocks of various compositions and porosities from being wet by several types of oils. Information is presented concerning the effective dosage or concentration levels of the materials required to afford protection of rocks against oil contamination, the methods of application of the protecting agents, the effects of temperature, the duration of the protection offered, and the overall efficiency of the microbiological and natural plant product systems.

Study of microbiological transformation products of 1, 8-dimethylnaphthalene

1. The successive oxidation of the methyl groups occurs during the microbiological transformation of 1,8-dimethylnaphthalene (DMN) by the culturePseudomonas fluorescens. 2. Employing the methods of UV, IR, and NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry the following microbiological oxidation products of DMN were identified: l-methyl-8-hydroxymethylnaphthalene, 1-methyl-8-naphthoic acid, 1,8-dihydroxymethylnaphthalene, 1,8-naphthalide, and the anhydride of 1,8-naphthalene-dicarboxylic acid.

Microbiological hydroxylation of steroids. II. Structural information and infrared spectrometry: carbonyl, perturbed methylene, and hydroxy-vibrations of steroidal ketones and alcohols.

High resolution i.r. spectrometry gives useful information about the structures of steroidal microbiological hydroxylation products. The polyketones formed by mild oxidation of the hydroxylation products are examined in the CO stretching and –CO–CH2– scissoring regions. Interpretation of the spectra by the characteristic group frequency approach is valid provided that the occurrence of interactions between carbonyl groups is recognised in predicting band positions and intensities. The hydroxylation products are most usefully studied, as dilute solutions, in the O–H stretching region. With compounds in which strong intramolecular hydrogen bonding occurs, the structures are almost uniquely defined by the characteristics of the O–H absorptions.

Microbiological Products from Petroleum

Microbiological Products from Petroleum

5-Methyl-4-oxo-octane-i,8-dioic acid as a microbiological degradation product of cholic acid

5-Methyl-4-oxo-octane-i,8-dioic acid as a microbiological degradation product of cholic acid

A GEOMICROBIOLOGIGAL STUDY OF THE PRE-CAMBRIAN NONESUCH SHALE

Summary The paper describes the organic content of specimens representing some part of the Nonesuch Shale of Upper Keweenawan age (1,075 ± 50 million years) forming part of the Copper Belt on the southern flanks of the Lake Superior Basin in Ontonagon County, Michigan. The remarkably well preserved organic matter has been studied optically in thin section, by acid maceration analysis, and separately, in ultrathin section of isolated organic matter, by electron microscopy. The amorphous organic groundmass consists of saprophytic microbiological degradation products which include spore-like bodies or “sporomorphs” (acritarchs) in various stages of degradation, with attacking microorganisms often in situ. The further microorganism content resembles morphologically bacteria, actinomycetes or fungi and the total organic content represents an ecosystem. The remarkable mattes of tissue composed of larger fungi are predominantly oriented with the bedding on the organic-rich elements of paired, laminated or varved deposits. The remains constitute an assemblage which recalls that of Moore (1964a) in which forms such as Anthracomyces cannellensis , Palynomorphites and “ Phellomyces ” were shown to be instrumental in organic degradation. This process now demonstrated from a Pre-Cambrian environment is one with an antiquity of at least a thousand million years and suggests that conditions with regard to physico-chemical-biological constitution and related environmental parameters have been comparable over this time period. The paper supports the general sedimentological conclusions of White and Wright (1954) concerning the depositional environment but deduces a tidal lagoon or mud flat environment of Pre-Cambrian age. The organic assemblage, the biological process of degradation and the characteristics of the sedimentary environment are compared with known geological and recent examples of laminated or varved, lacustrine; tidal lagoon and mud flat environments. Reference is made to the geochemical characteristics of some of these related sediments in an attempt to reach a more pertinent assessment of the Pre-Cambrian environment, and of the periodicity of events which the Nonesuch sediments display.

Novel microbiological degradation products from cholic acid

Novel microbiological degradation products from cholic acid

(+)-(5R)-methyl-4-oxo-octane-1,8-dioic acid, microbiological degradation product from rings C and D of cholic acid.

(+)-(5R)-methyl-4-oxo-octane-1,8-dioic acid, microbiological degradation product from rings C and D of cholic acid.