Microbiological Fertilizers Research Articles

IMPROVEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY OF ORGANIC WASTE WITH THE SYMBIOTIC MICROORGANISMS

The relevance of the present research is to solve the problem of the efficiency of processing and further utilization of organic agricultural waste (residues), which, unfortunately, is not processed by modern biotechnological methods, the use of which would allow to obtain a wide range of bioorganic fertilizers for agricultural needs. The recipe (formula) has been developed for a biological preparation which is based on a complex of such microorganisms Rhodopseudomonaspalustris, Saccharomycescerevisiae, Lactococcuslactis, Trichodermaasperellum, Bacillussubtilis for biodegradation of vegetable waste – beet roots, potatoes and carrots. The raised problem – the accumulation of organic waste – can be solved by conducting waste biodegradation with the combined preparation made on the basis of an improved recipe. The experiments have proved the efficiency of growing crops under the influence of biofuels obtained on the basis of the developed technology. The complex of cultures presented in the recommended formula will provide biosynthesis of nutrients as a result of biodegradation of carrot, potato and beet root waste. The choice of this waste is justified and based on the analysis of the results of the experimental researches. The technological parameters of the process of biodegradation of the agricultural waste are developed. The experiments have proved the possibility of using beet root, potato and carrot waste in the practice of bio fertilizers enriched with biogenic elements with a normalized content of chlorides, sulfates and dry residue. It is evident that the mass fraction of biogenic elements in the process of biodegradation of waste increases significantly. The largest increase in the mass fraction of nitrogen occurs in the fermented beet root waste, which corresponds to the physical and chemical standards of bioorganic fertilizers, and makes it possible to use this fermented waste as independent bio fertilizers. All other rates of the samples comply with the general requirements for the content of biogenic elements and are recommended in practice with the other microbiological fertilizers to increase the effect of their use.

The effect of microbiological fertilizer and plant stand on the yield of corn hybrids grain in the Lower Volga region

The results of studies of the three-factor experiment, which allows determining the effects of the microbiological fertilizer Extrasol (factor C) and plant stand (factor B) on the yield of corn hybrids (factor A), are presented. It was established that in 2014, an early ripening hybrid Ross 197 MW had a higher average yield - 5.46 t/ha. In 2015 and 2016, middle-early ripening hybrid Ross 299 MW was more productive – 6.85 and 5.97 t/ha respectively. During the experiment, middle-late hybrid STK 175MV did not realize the potential yield due to lack of moisture during the growing season. Hybrids have a tendency to increase grain yield with an increase in the number of plants per unit area. The grain yield by factor B in 2014 was 3.23–7.25 t/ha; in 2015 – 3,80–8,41 t/ha; in 2016 - 3.91–6.19 t/ha. The variability of the sign “grain yield” in 2014 and 2015 was influenced by factor B (plant stand) - 79.0 and 82.30%, respectively. In 2016, the influence of factor B was slightly lower - 47.0%, but at the same time the influence of factor A (hybrid) increased - 33.6%.

Integration of biological and conventional treatments in control of pepper bacterial spot

Bacterial spot caused by Xanthomonas euvesicatoria is one of the most devastating pepper diseases in Serbia. Questionable seed quality, climatic conditions, and frequent irrigation during summer favour the disease occurrence and spread. The available management practices do not provide adequate disease control. Therefore, development of alternative and more sustainable disease management strategies is needed. Integration of classical and biological treatments could be an effective, environmentally safe option for reducing pepper bacterial spot severity. In order to develop an efficient integrated disease management program, we studied efficacy of biocontrol agents (bacteriophage strain KФ1 and two strains of Bacillus subtilis AAac and QST 713), systemic acquired resistance (SAR) inducer (acibenzolar-S-methyl - ASM), a commercial microbial fertilizer (Slavol), copper based compounds (copper hydroxide and copper oxychloride) in combination with or without mancozeb, and antibiotics (streptomycin sulphate and kasugamycin). They were applied as single treatments in two separate field experiments. Based on the single treatment efficacy, various combinations of the treatments were chosen for further testing in three separate field experiments. Additionally, we evaluated potential negative effect of ASM on pepper growth and yield in the growth chamber experiment. All the tested single treatments significantly reduced disease severity compared to the inoculated control (IC), except microbiological fertilizer and the antagonistic strain AAac. Integration of copper hydroxide, ASM and bacteriophages was the most efficient treatment, reducing the disease intensity by 96–98%. The results indicated that this combination may be an adequate alternative program for control of pepper bacterial spot.

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ БИОПРЕПАРАТОВ ДЛЯ ЗАЩИТЫ СЕМЯН ПОДСОЛНЕЧНИКА ОТ СЕРОЙ ГНИЛИ

Biological products of «Biotechagro» LLC have been tested: BSka-3, G — microbiological fertilizer and BFTIM KS-2, G — ectophytic biofungicide on sunflower seeds against grey rot pathogen — fungus Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex. Fr. BFTIM KS-2, G showed biological efficiency of 61 % with the seeds treatment. BSka-3, G stimulated more than 2 times the growth of the main root and inhibited the development of the pathogen.

The content of total nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil and leaves of blue honeysuckle when using microbiological fertilizers in the conditions of the Republic of Mari El

The content of total nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil and leaves of blue honeysuckle when using microbiological fertilizers in the conditions of the Republic of Mari El

Mogućnost gajenja konvencionalnih konzumnih hibrida suncokreta u uslovima organske proizvodnje: preliminarni rezultati istraživanja

As organic agriculture represents one of the most sustainable ways of agricultural land use, the key purpose of this research was to improve confectionary sunflower production in organic agriculture. The trial compared seed yield per plant of conventional confectionary sunflower hybrids in organic vs conventional production. Subsequently, 1000 seed weight, seed yield per plant and kernel ratio of confectionary hybrids treated with the following fertilizers used in organic production: fertilizer of animal origin (G), fertilizer based on amino acids and nitrogen (T) and microbiological fertilizer (N) were compared with untreated control (C). Fertilizers enhanced yield of sunflower compared to untreated control; the highest yield was recorded in combined of G+N and G+T, all in organic agriculture system. NS Gricko had the lowest seed yield per plant compared to the other hybrids that significantly increased when treated with G+N fertilizers; same results were obtained in treatments of NS Slatki, and NS Leviathan. Preliminary results of the study indicated that application of organic fertilizers can have a positive effect on yield of sunflower in organic production conditions, which indicates that further research is necessary.

Влияние применения микробиологических удобрений на рост и развитие жимолости синей в условиях Респуб-лики Марий Эл

Влияние применения микробиологических удобрений на рост и развитие жимолости синей в условиях Респуб-лики Марий Эл

Importance of Using Compost and Bacterial Biofuels in the Organic Production of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

The areas under the organic production of medicinal and aromatic plants are constantly increasing, both domestically and globally. Since organic production does not allow the application of synthetic fertilizers, organic fertilizers like compost and bacterial biofuels have special importance. The aim of this paper is to point out the positive effects of the application of these fertilizers in the organic production of medicinal and aromatic plants. Microbiological fertilizers and compost not only have beneficial effects on the productivity of medicinal and aromatic plants by improving physical and biological properties of the soil, but also affect the quality and increase the content of essential oils and also improve the physiological status of a plant. Azotobacter produce anti-fungal compounds that protect against plant pathogens, while increasing germination and vitality of plants demonstrates the importance of their application in the organic production of medicinal and aromatic plants.

Single-cell biofuel element of simple construction from sanitary parts and testing of its work

A model of single-chamber biofuel cell from easily accessible sanitary components (sanitary tees for Sinikon internal sewage pipes and plugs to them) was developed and tested. It is characterized by low cost and easy assembly. As the bioagents the authors used, in particular, the individual strain Micrococcus luteus 1-I, isolated from the active sludge of the petrochemical plant. The proposed single-chamber biofuel cells, based on this strain for 96 hours of the experiment generated an open circuit voltage of up to 480 mV, the current strength was up to 1 mA. Promising bioagents for the developed design were commercial microbiological preparations for cesspools and septic tanks and for composting: biofertilizer “EM-Bio” (LLC “Primorsky EM-Center”, Vladivostok); means for cesspools and septic tanks “Doctor Robik” (LLC VIPEKO, Moscow); microbiological fertilizer “Baikal-EM” (OOO “EM-Kooperatsiya”, Moscow); microbiological preparation for eliminating odors and recycling “Won!” (IP Dugarova, D.C., Ulan-Ude). The voltage of the open circuit, which was generated in single-chamber biofuel cells’ commercial microbiological preparations, increased to 357 - 546 mV for 96 hours of the experiment. The short-circuit current was increased to 597 - 843 μΑ. The specific power of the single-chamber biofuel cells on the basis of all the bioagents, tested in the paper, was quite close and varied in the range 10.2 - 12.7 μW / cm2.

STUDY THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GROWING SOILS BY MICROBIOLOGICAL PROPERTIE

After research the State of soils m. Kamyanske, it was found that antropogenno-technogenic influence on the environment will worsen the properties of soils, growing area of degraded lands, polluted atmospheric emissions and wastewater, chemicals and radionuclides. To improve the fertility of contaminated soils used modern approaches in the use of microbiological fertilizer to improve soil fertility and renewal. Defined the ecological state of soils m. Kamyanske, developed its own recipe of the fertilizer and the comparative analysis of the effectiveness of application of mineral, organic and mineral and microbiological fertilizer. Anthropogenic and man-made impacts on the environment are steadily increasing and reaching critical values, which has greatly affected the degradation of soil cover. The physical and chemical properties of soils are determining, the areas of degraded lands contained by atmospheric emissions and sewage, chemical rechovins and radionuclides increase. The residential area is a land intended for the construction of residential and public buildings, roads, streets, squares within cities and urban-type settlements. It occupations an area of about 50-60% of the city's territory. The industrial zone includes an entity plot of land, transport interfaces and co-munitions. On this site there may be built industrial premises or it may be empty. The composition of the fertilizer is distinguished: mineral, organic, organo-mineral, microbiological, green. In order to improve the fertility of the earth, mineral, organo-mineral and complex microbiological fertilizers are used more often. In order to improve the species diversity of fats and fertility, an improved formulation of a complex microbiological fertilizer was developed, which was tested in practice of growing wheat together with mineral and mineral organic fertilizers. On the basis of research results a comparative characteristic of the etiquity of application of the specified types of fertilizers was obtained.

The Role of Microbiological Fertilizers and Green Manures in Increasing the Productivity and Quality of Potatoes

This paper presents the research results of three short-term experiments carried out in 2010–2017 on the impact of green manures and mineral and bacterial fertilizers on potato productivity. The purpose of the study was to increase the productivity and quality of potato tubers while reducing the anthropogenic load on the agrocenosis through the integrated use of binary green manures and lower doses of mineral fertilizers in combination with microbiological preparations. In a stationary field experiment (2010–2012) on leached chernozem, the maximum potato productivity (32.2–35.5 t/ha) was obtained using mineral fertilizers N45–90P60–120K60–120 in the crop rotation link oil radish + vetch–potato, while the efficiency of the treatment of tubers with the bacterial preparations Azotovit + Fosfatovit was 9.2–15.0%. In experiments on sod-podzolic soil, the yield increase from the microbiological preparation Agrinos for the potato cultivar Udacha in 2015 amounted to 12.4% along with higher content of starch and vitamin C in production. In the relatively moist 2016 and 2017, the yield increase in the midearly maturing cultivar Gala reached 8.5 t/ha or 24.5% to the mineral background level (N90P90K90). In the variant with a 30% reduced NPK dose and the use of Agrinos (N60P60K60 + Agrinos A + B (5 + 2.5 L/ha), the yield was 5.8 t/ha or 16.7% higher than with the full dose of NPK, and high starchiness and vitamin C content, excellent culinary qualities, and low levels of nitrates were also observed.

Change of the stress situation of spring wheat plants after foliage application of fertilizers and biopreparations

The article presents the results of studies on the study of the application of foliar top dressing of spring wheat to the tillering and spearing stage with mineral (Microel, Strada N, Biocomplex), microbiological fertilizers (Agrica), fertilizers based on humic acids (Reasil) and the influence of these methods on the change in the stress situation of plants spring wheat. Based on the analysis of proline content before and after application of agro-practices, the plant adaptation coefficient has been calculated, which shows the responsiveness of the crop to various agro-practices in a stressful situation. It is established that foliar top dressing with the studied preparations reduces the stress of spring wheat plants caused by unfavorable weather conditions, which is expressed in an increase in the anti-stress coefficient TO 1.19-1.38. The use of the studied preparations increased the yield of spring wheat by 0.27-0.57 t / ha, as well as the content of gluten in the grain to 26.8-28.4%, the IDK in this case was 81.4-85.1 units.

Yield and Quality of Beetroot (Beta vulgaris ssp. esculenta L. ) as a Result of Microbial Fertilizers

Summary The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of two different types of microbial fertilizers, namely Micro-Vita I (containing several groups of Azotobacter, nitrifying microorganisms and phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms) and Micro-Vita II (containing Azotobacter, nitrifying microorganisms, phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms and iron), on the yield and quality of beetroot (Beta vulgaris ssp. esculenta, cv Kestrel). Beetroots grown in the field without using microbial fertilizers served as the experimental control. The experiments were conducted in a field located in the village of Jurumleri, near Skopje, characterized by a well-drained and sandy soil, in 2013. The purpose of the study is to determine how different microbial fertilizers influence the production and quality of beetroot. The yields obtained were significantly higher in the beetroot grown using Micro-Vita II (69.43 t ha−1) and Micro-Vita I (58.13 t·ha−1) fertilizers, compared to the control yield (54.8 t/ha). The beetroot grown under the Micro-Vita I regime indicated significantly higher contents of vitamin C (6.86%), cellulose (13.79%) and protein (18.18%) compared to the control crops. Furthermore, the beetroot grown under the Micro-Vita II regime indicated significantly higher contents of vitamin C (14.71%), cellulose (27.59%), protein (44.62%), minerals (6.25%) and Fe (100%) compared to the control crops. According to the results obtained, the application of microbiological fertilizers is recommended for beetroot (cv. Kestrel), with regard to the beetroot quality and bioactive compounds, and can be used in organic farming.

Influence of microbilogical fertilizers azotovit and phosphatovit on potato productivity in the lower Volga Region

The authors consider potatoes productivity depending on the microbiological fertilizers azotovit and phosphatovit in the Lower Volga Region. As the result of the carried out researches the microbiological fertilizers azotovit and phosphatovit high efficiency was revealed when potatoes were grown at drip irrigation and in this regard the given crop production profitability increased.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ БИОПРЕПАРАТА НА ОСНОВЕ КЛУБЕНЬКОВЫХ БАКТЕРИЙ RHIZOBIUM LUPINI НА БОБОВЫЕ И ЗЛАКОВЫЕ КУЛЬТУРЫ

More and more scientific research has been aimed at studying the fixation of “biological nitrogen”, namely microorganisms-symbionts and biological preparations based on them recently. Many years of experiments and production practice clearly show that the microorganisms that fix nitrogen are of greater importance to enrich the soil with nitrogen and increase yields. Rhizobium nodule bacteria, being in symbiosis with bean plants, are absorbed from the atmosphere and supply the plant with the necessary amount of biologically bound nitrogen. Based on these data, the aim of our study is to study the effect of the biological product on the germination, growth and weight of the vegetative mass of legumes and cereals. A comparative analysis of the biological product based on Rhizobium lupini bacteria RL-1 strain with commercial preparations has been carried out. In the experiment the following agricultural crops have been used: peas, wheat, rapeseed, beans. As a result it has been found that RL-1 has a positive effect on the germination, length and mass of vegetative mass of plants. Thus, the length of pea’s offshoots is more by 73 %, rapeseed – by 44 %, wheat –by 60 %, beans – by 12 %. The preparation has also shown a positive effect to the weight of green mass, for example, the weight of peas plants is 50% higher than the controlled ones, rapeseed – by 12 %, wheat-by 90 %, beans – by 14 %. The study relates to the development of microbiological fertilizer plants. As a result of the analysis it was found that the investigated biopreparation based on nodule bacteria R. lupini promotes growth, better germination, increase the green mass of crops.

Role of microbiological fertilizer and siderates in increase productivity and quality of potato

Role of microbiological fertilizer and siderates in increase productivity and quality of potato

Effect of Fertilizers on the Yield of Alternative Small Grains

Summary The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of organic farming technologies on the yield of alternative types of wheat: hard wheat (Triticum durum), spelt (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) and a common variety of (soft) winter wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. vulgare). The experiment was carried out during 2010-11 and 2011-12, at the Radmilovac experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture in Belgrade, according to the randomized block design in four replications. In addition to the control treatment (without fertilizers), microbiological fertilizers were applied in topdressing (alone) and in combination with organic fertilizer before sowing. Crops were grown under a four-crop rotation on leached chernozem in the rainfed water regime. The average yields of the varieties examined were not significantly different depending on the growing year, whereas fertilization showed a highly significant effect on the grain yield. The combined application of microbiological and organic fertilizers resulted in the highest yields in both years (5,209 and 4,992 kg ha-1, respectively). The selected wheat varieties exhibited different responses to the treatments applied. The highest yield was observed in the common soft wheat variety examined (5,170 and 5,611 kg ha-1), whereas the lowest in durum wheat (3,138 and 2,429 kg ha-1). The analysis of experimental factor interactions showed that statistically significant effects on the yield could be attributed to the year-fertilization interaction. The wheat yields obtained are similar to those observed in the conventional production system due to favorable weather conditions and a proper selection of the type and sequence of crops that are part of the four-crop rotation (winter wheat, maize, spring barley + red clover, and red clover).

Cover crop effects on the fate of N in sweet maize (Zea mays L. saccharata Sturt.) production in a semiarid region

This research aimed to determine the effects of different cover crops and application ofbio-fertilizer on dynamic of nitrogen in the soil and sweet maize yield. Also, we evaluated theeffect of fall–winter species (common vetch, field pea, winter oats, fodder kale) and a mixtureof vetch and field pea with oats used as cover crops, as such as dead organic mulch andtraditional variant, without coverage on biomass, chlorophyll and protein content in leaves andgrain of main crop. Biomass production and N uptake by cover crops ranged from 4.25 to 90.20kg ha-1 and from 0.34 to 133.80 kg ha-1 N, respectively, depending on cover crop type. Atharvest soil nitrate content in treatments with cover crops was 50-90% lower than in the control,reducing spring N leaching risk. Residual mineral N significantly increased with application ofmicrobiological fertilizer. The chlorophyll content of the main crop was significantly lower intreatments without cover crops. Consequently, sweet maize yield was the highest in fodder kaleand field pea (7263.83 and 7177.27 kg ha-1) treatments, but the smallest in winter oat andcommon vetch (6802.47 and 6184.14 kg ha-1). In terms of all investigated traits, particularlygrain yield, cover crops and microbiological fertilizer expressed more efficiency in the dry year.It could be concluded that N content should be controlled effectively by sowing main crops afterplanting of cover crops in biological farming systems in a semiarid region.

РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЕ АКТИНОБАКТЕРИЙ В НЕКОТОРЫХ ПОЧВАХ КАЗАХСТАНА И ИХ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ФУНКЦИИ

This article discusses the specifics of the diversity of actinomycete complexes of different soil typesin Kazakhstan. It is known that the soil is a heterogeneous habitat and it contains various groups andtypes of microorganisms. Among the microorganisms, the most common are soil actinomycetes. It is inthe soil contains their basic quantity. Each type of soil differs in composition of the microbial cenosis,which creates the impression of significant dynamics in their numbers. The purpose of this study was tostudy the quantitative and qualitative composition of actinomycetes of the main soil types in Kazakhstan, identify the dominant groups and determine their biological significance. When determining thenumber of actinobacteria in the soil, one can say about their abundance and richness, and these indicators depend on the depth and type of soils. The number of actinomycetes in the studied 15 soil samples in Kazakhstan was from 103 to 105 CFU / g soil. The actinomycete complexes of the investigated soilsare distinguished by a considerably greater taxonomic diversity. The frequency of occurrence of theactinomycete complex was differentiated into groups of species: dominant (≥ 85%), typical frequent (≥60%), typical rare (≥ 40%) and random (<40%). It was also revealed that the succession changes in thecomplex of actinomycetes in the same soil essentially depend on its moisture content. In the studied soilcomplexes of actinomycetes, in most cases, the most stable and dominant are streptomycetes. The mainbackground in the soils was composed of representatives of the genus Streptomyces. In the course of thework, biosynthetic activity was determined in 338 isolates of actinobacteria. It was found that 94 strainshad proteolyticactivity,cellulosolytic activity was detected in representatives of the genus Streptomyces.The expressed amylolytic activity is characteristic for the genera Actinomadura and Streptomyces. Theability to fix nitrogen is established in the genera Actinomaduraand Chainia. It was found that moststrains produced IAA in the amount of 3 μg / ml to 15 μg / ml, they can be classified as inactive. The remaining 55 strains produced IAA in excess of 25 μg / ml. As a result of the studies, many members of thegenus Streptomyces have found a phytohormone-like effect, more closely related to auxin-like activity.They also have the ability to synthesize the enzymes of the cellulase complex. 42 strains of actinobacteria actively producing acid metabolites are selected. These strains can be attributed to phosphate-solubilizing cultures of representatives of the genus Streptomyces. Summarizing the results of the studies,itcan be noted that the complex of actinomycetes in various types of soils in Kazakhstan is represented bythe genera Streptomyces, Micromonospora, Streptosporangium, Actinomadura and Chainia. As a resultof the work carried out, new microbiological fertilizers will be developed, which, being environmentallyfriendly, can provide increased yields of crops, improve their health and promote the production ofimproved quality. The work was done within the framework of the project № 0211РК01075 «Development of a scientific and methodological and information database on microbiological diversity of soilsin Kazakhstan» under the program: «Scientific and methodological support for the creation of inventoriesof biological resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan», funded by the Ministry of Education and Scienceof the Republic of Kazakhstan.Key words: Actinomycetes, streptomycetes, phosphate mobilization, cellulosolytic, amylolytic, nitrogen-fixing activities.

Impact of Microbiological Fertilizer Baikal EM-1 on Onion Growth in Greenhouse Conditions

<p class="R-AbstractKeywords"><span lang="EN-US">The microbiological fertilizer Baikal EM-1 contains lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrogen fixing bacteria, <em>Saccharomyces</em> yeasts and microbial cultivation media. </span><span lang="EN-US">The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of it on onion grown in controlled greenhouse conditions. </span></p><p class="R-AbstractKeywords"><span lang="EN-US">In summer 2014 two trials with this product were carried out on onions in greenhouse conditions. Before planting onion bulbs were soaked in water with added fertilizer and growth substrate was watered with the fertilizer according to the instructions of manufacturer. During the vegetation period plants were watered with the fertilizer several times. Identical treatment was performed with water in the control plots. Different treatment schemes and growth substrates (neutralized peat and substrate for vegetables) were used in both trials. The main difference of the used substrates was in the content of mineral nutrients that was higher in the substrate for vegetables. In the second trial additional fertilization with ammonium nitrate was applied three times during the vegetation period. At the end of the trials the yield of onion leaves was estimated, as well as the length of leaves and their chlorophyll content was measured. </span></p><p class="R-AbstractKeywords"><span lang="EN-US">At the first trial the obtained yield of onion leaves was increased by 6.4 % and in the second by 8.2 % due to treatment with Baikal EM-1 but these differences were not statistically significant in comparison to the control plots. In general, the fertilizer increased all other measured parameters as well, including average length of leaves by 4.6 % and 1.3 %, the chlorophyll content by 5.0 % and 1.5 %, in the first and second trial respectively, and percentage of onions developing leaves increased by 13.2 % in the second trial. Only the last parameter showed statistically significant differences in comparison to the control. Additionally the growth of the onion was more even in the control treatment. In conclusion, the microbiological fertilizer Baikal EM-1 gave positive impact on onions in greenhouse conditions.<em></em></span></p>