Microbiological Fertilizers Research Articles

EFFECT OF FERTIGATION ON SOIL MICROBIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF APPLE ORCHARD

A field experiment was conducted at Fruit Research Institute Cacak (Serbia) to evaluate the influence of fertigation on development of soil microorganisms and production of apple ‘Gloster’, ‘Hapke Delicious’ and ‘Morens Jonagored’. The experiment involved three variants of treatment: high water-soluble mineral fertilizer NPK 16:8:32, high water-soluble mineral fertilizer NPK 12:0:43; microbiological fertilizer (inoculum on associative nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Klebsiella species). Unfertilized soil served as the control. Fertilizers were incorporated with Venturi Injector three times over the growing season. The effect of the applied fertigation measures on soil biological parameters was monitored by determining the number of soil microorganisms by indirect dilution methods of growing on adequate culture media. Of all the variants examined, the most stimulatory effect on development of soil microorganisms was expressed in fertigation treatment that involved microbiological fertilizer in all the examined cultivars. The results of the investigation suggest that incorporation of microorganisms contributes to more productive, nutrient-efficient and environmentally safe orchard management system.

Effect of microbiological fertilizer and soil additive on yield of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)under high altitude conditions

Effect of microbiological fertilizer (Slavol) and soil additives (zeolite and hydrogel) on buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) yield was investigated in this paper. Trial was set up in the village of Radijevići, Serbia in agroecological conditions of mountain Zlatar (altitude 1,065 m) during a two-year period 2009 and 2010. A randomized complete block design with four replications was set up. In organic cropping system three combinations of microbiological fertilizer (Slavol) with zeolite and hydrogel were used prior to sowing. Different combinations of the microbiological fertilizer and the soil additives gave positive results especially in the second year of the trial. The best combination in organic cropping system was Slavol+hydrogel with foliar application of the microbiological fertilizer, which resulted in the greatest yield of buckwheat and this treatment can be recommended to producers. Buckwheat performed very well under limited conditions of acidic soil on high altitude in organic cropping system and it can be recommended as a very suitable crop for organic producers.

Importance of microbiological fertilizer used in soybean production: Agronomical and biological aspects

Inoculation is the best way to ensure good nodulation with the proper strain of nitrogen-fixing bacteria for increased yield in an environmentally safe manner. This investigation was conducted on three-year experiment which was set up in four replications with three-crop rotation (maize-soybean-wheat) at experimental field of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia. Effects of application of microbiological fertilizer (with nitrogen-fixing bacteria Bradyrhizobium japonicum) on root mass, number and mass of nodes per plant, soil biogeneity (number of ammonifiers, Azotobacter, actinomycetes), as well as the effect on soybean yield were studied. Obtained results indicated positive impact of inoculation on nitrogen fixation parameters. The higher amounts of mineral nitrogen had negative impact on atmospheric nitrogen fixation, i.e. by increasing preplanting mineral nitrogen amount in the soil by 1 kg, the amount of calculated nitrogen from the air was decreased by 1.72 kg. Increasing abundance of studied microorganisms in the rhizosphere, as well as soybean yield using microbiological fertilizer was stimulated by plowing under crop residues. The impact of meteorogical conditions on the effects of inoclutaion was very significant. Key words: Inoculation, fertilizing, nitrogen fixation, soybean, microorganisms, yield.

Effects of different strains of Sinorhizobium meliloti on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) biomass yield

The effects of highly effective strains of Sinorhizobium meliloti on biomass and crude protein yields of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) were investigated in a three-year field experiment focusing on the advantage of alfalfa inoculation with N microbiological fertilizer over N mineral fertilization on chernozem soil. Strains 236 and 234 were found in this experiment to have significant effect on the yields of dry matter and proteins, by comparison to untreated control plants. In the third year of utilization, dry matter yield of alfalfa plants inoculated with strains 236 and 234 increased around 31% in the first cutting and 53% and 65% in the second one, compared to control plants. Strain 236 was found to increase the yield of crude proteins by 29.7% (second cutting) and 39.6% (third cutting) in the second year, and 27.5% (first cutting) and 50.3% (second cutting) in the third year of utilization, while strain 234 increased significantly the content of proteins in the third cutting of the second year (27%) and in the third year of utilization (51% in the first and 53% in the second cutting). The results indicate that effective strains of S. meliloti may be applied as N microbiological fertilizers on soils with optimal physical and chemical characteristics and autochthonous populations that may not have satisfactory effectiveness in nitrogen fixation.

The effect of natural biostimulators and slow-disintegrating fertilizers on the quality of rosemary seedlings (Rosmarinus officinalis L.)

In the present work the effect of natural biostimulators and different doses of slow disintegrating fertilizer on the quality of rosemary seedlings was studied. Rosemary seedlings were produced in containers, according to the 'speedling system'. During the production of seedlings natural biostimulators Megafol and Viva and microbiological fertilizer Slavol were added. The applied biostimulators made a significant effect on the quality of rosemary seedlings. Different doses of the slow disintegrating fertilizer Scotts (Osmocote Extact) were applied (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 g/l), which also produced a significant influence.

Application of microbiological fertilizers in viticulture: Grape yield and quality of wine cv. Riesling

The recommended cultivars for top quality wines Riesling in the vineyards of Grocka is in full crop. It was grafted on Kober 5 BB stock and planted on the soil type cambysoil. The content of total nitrogen is 0.1-0.15%. Supply of easily available potassium varies between 12.3-15 mg/100g a.d.s.2, i.e. phosphorus 0.4-3.6 mg/100g a.d.s. in layer up to 40 cm. Microbiological fertilizer was used in the study - biological preparation prepared with mixed natural populations Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus circulons. The space in row is idle land and the space between rows was sown each year (March-April) with a mixture of field pea and barley and ploughed in the inflorescence phase of legumes. Grape yield varied between 8772-6804 kg/ha. Microbiological fertilizer with Azotobacter had the highest yield and the control treatment had the lowest yield, where only grass mixture was sown. Extremely dry climatic conditions in the trial period caused the grape yield in cv. Riesling to be extremely low. In combination of fertilizers Bacillus megaterium + Bacillus circulons wine with the most ethanol, extracts and polyphenols was obtained. The wine obtained from the control treatment had a typical taste.

The effect of use of nitrogen-fixators in forage pea production

Microorganisms are the most numerous group of living organisms in the pedosphere. They encompass bacteria, viruses, fungi, algae, protozoa and lichens. Their numbers amount to several million per one gram of absolutely dry soil while their biomass amounts to 5-20 tons per hectare. The aims of this investigation were to examine the effect of application of root nodule bacteria (single strain, mixture of strains, microbiological fertilizer "Nitragin") on the total number of microorganisms, the numbers of fungi actinomycetes, azotobacters, free nitrogen-fixing bacteria and ammonifiers and the activity of dehydrogenase, as well as how the application of bacteria affects some parameters of nitrogen fixation (dry mater mass, percentage and content of nitrogen). In the variant with "Nitragin", the total number of microorganisms and the numbers of fungi, azotobacters and free N-fixing bacteria increased. The largest number of actino-myceles was found in the variant with the mixture of strains. The largest number of ammonifiers was found in the variant with the single strain. The dehydrogenase activity, dry mater mass, percentage and content of nitrogen were increased in the variants with the single strain and the mixture of strains.