Microbiological Damage Research Articles

Pengaruh Jenis Kemasan pada Perubahan Kualitas Salak Pondoh Banjarnegara dalam Bentuk Tandan Selama Transportasi dan Penyimpanan

Salak (Salacca edulis Reinw.) in bunch form can be attractive to consumers because its own unique shape. The use of primary and secondary packaging can maintain fruit quality. This study aims to evaluate quality change of salak in bunches including physical damage, mechanical damage, physiological and microbiological damage. Salak bunches were stored for 22 days, with observations every 3 days to analyze fruit damage, TSS, weight loss, and fruit hardness. The study used a single-factor completely randomized design, involving 3 treatments: wooden crates (K1), cardboard without net foam (K2), and cardboard with net foam (K3). Data were analyzed descriptively, analysis of variance, and DMRT at the 5% level. Primary packaging was effective in reducing mechanical damage to fruit after 13 hours of transportation, with mechanical damage reaching 0 (zero) due to net foam. The type of packaging used had a significant effect on quality change of salak during storage, namely physical, physiological and microbiological damage, weight loss, hardness, and TSS. Cardboard packaging with net foam was the best treatment, showing low physiological and microbiological damage until the 16th day of storage, which amounted to 4.05, as well as a low rate of change in quality for 22 days. Keywords: Salak bunches, storage, packaging, fruit quality, transportation

Preparation of a Novel Adhesive from Highly Fibrillated Kozo Fibre for Paper Conservation

Abstract In this study, Kozo fibres were fibrillated using the stone wet milling method and the wet atomisation method both deriving from nanocellulose production processes. Kozo fibres with a high degree of external fibrillation were obtained by using the stone mill wet grinding method. Although fibres exhibited the same structure as untreated Kozo fibres, their bonding properties improved. Applying the wet atomisation method, fibrillated Kozo fibres with different degrees of fibrillation were obtained depending on the number of treatments. Fibrillated Kozo fibres can be used in conservation as an adhesive for lining and other stabilisation treatments and may in certain cases replace starch paste, which is susceptible to microbiological damage. Only Kozo fibres and water were used in both mechanical fibrillation methods; therefore, the resulting material can be considered a safe alternative to more traditional adhesives.

Study of some N,S,O – containing organic compounds as additives preventing microbiological damage of cutting fluids

The article is dedicated to the study of synthesized N,S,O – containing organic compounds as additives – biocides that prevent microbiological damage to the emulsion cutting fluid. Tests were carried out in accordance with ГОСТ 9.085-78. As microorganisms were taken Pseudomonas aerudinosa and Mycobakterium laktiocolium as bacteria, Aspergillus niger and Caetonium globosum as fungi. The results of the performed tests showed that the studied compounds do not suppress microbes, i.e. do not have bactericidal properties. However, all the studied compounds, while exhibiting fungicidal properties, effectively suppress fungi and are superior in these properties to Azin-4 biocide. Compounds with the highest fungicidal activity were identified.

Analysis of Personal Hygiene, Premises Sanitation and Equipment Sanitation on Coliform Bacteria Content in Bubble Drinks

Abstract. Ice bubble (bubble drink) is a popular ready-to-eat drink and is in great demand by the public because of the variety of flavors with a mixture of bubble topping (boba) in it. The personal hygiene of drink handlers, the cleanliness of sales locations, and the equipment used can all cause microbiological damage to bubble ice, which can lead to coliform bacteria contamination of bubble ice drinks. Coliform bacteria can cause various diseases, one of which is diarrhea. This study aims to determine the relationship between personal hygiene, place sanitation, and equipment sanitation and the content of coliform bacteria in bubble ice drinks in Pontianak City in 2022. According to the findings, coliform bacteria were present in 27 out of the 30 samples that had undergone coliform bacteria testing. This study obtained results of poor personal hygiene for as many as 26 people (86.7%), poor sanitation of selling places for as many as 27 people (90%), and poor sanitation of equipment for as many as 27 people (90%). This study also shows that there is a relationship between personal hygiene and coliform bacteria content with a value of p = 0.039, a relationship between place sanitation and coliform bacteria content with a p value = 0.02, and a relationship between equipment sanitation and coliform bacteria content in ice bubble drinks. with a p value of 0.039. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the cleanliness of tools, the environment, and individual traders so that bubble ice is safe for consumption

Comparative Study between First and Second Harmonics of a Nd:YAG Laser for Cleaning Manifestation Damages That Appeared in Pigments Used on Archaeological Cartonnage.

This study focused on identifying the effect of the laser wavelengths used in cleaning some manifestation damage appearing in pigments used on archaeological cartonnage preserved in the Egyptian Museum, Egypt. The manifestations of damage appear as mud, resin, color, dust and microbiological damage stains. Lasers were chosen as one of the modern applications that give good results when cleaning the pigment materials without making direct contact with the material. Accordingly, lasers with a wavelength of 532 and 1064 nm were tested to identify their effect on stains caused by pigments and to choose the best one for use in cases similar to those materials in the future. This study was conducted to identify the effect of the selected wavelengths and choose the best ones to apply to the archaeological model. The evaluations were conducted using several tests and analyses, such as digital microscopy, X-ray florescence, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Handy colorimetry to evaluate that effect of lasers with a wavelength of 532 and 1064 nm to remove stains. The experimental study demonstrated the good effect of the Nd:YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm compared with that of the 532 nm laser. The results of using the Nd:YAG laser proved the good effect of removing all stains compared with the 532 nm laser, which caused big changes when used to clean the stains on the pigment's surfaces; it also did not help in removing or reducing some stains such as mud stains. According to these results, the good effect of the Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm) make it more suitable for cleaning than that of the Nd:YAG laser (532 nm), which is not recommended for use as it gave bad results when applied.

CONSERVING AND PREVENTIVE CONSERVATION PLAN OF PHOTOGRAPHIC ARCHIVE BELONG TO KHEDIVE ISMAIL PASHA BACK TO 19TH CENTURY STORAGE IN VEHICLES MUSEUM

Abstract. The Royal Vehicles Museum contains five albums of Albumin photographs dating from the 19th century. These photographs are poorly preserved in the basement of the Royal Vehicle Museum which is located on one of the most crowded streets, July 26 St., near the Nile River in Cairo. Due to the poor storage conditions of wooden boxes without treatment, it is unsafe against insects and microbiological damage, so they are vulnerable to rapid because the albumin photographs are composed of organic and inorganic materials, which makes them vulnerable to rapid damage. This paper presents documentation, preservation, and conservation of albumen photographic print-outs. Temperature, humidity, and UV were measured in the storage area by Data Luger. The deterioration aspect of the Royal Album and the albumen photographs has been identified. A condition report has been planned to record all the archaeological and historical information belonging to the album. SEM_EDX was used to identify the surface morphology and determine the type of silver salts used. The microbiological test was performed to identify fungi and bacteria. Growth requirements are determine. A portable scanner has digitized albumen photographs. USB Digital Microscope strongly enlarge 300× has been used to identify cracks, crevices, dirt, and other damages on the album and photographs. A stereo microscope 500× shows the structure of albumin photo prints.

The influence of chitosan on the raspberry quality during the storage process

Raspberry is a perishable berry raw material with a high capacity for mechanical and microbiological damage, and therefore, after harvesting, it is necessary to use appropriate technologies to preserve its quality and extend the storage time. This work aimed to study the influence of different concentrations of chitosan solutions on the quality and duration of storage of raspberries under refrigerating conditions. Raspberries were picked at the consumer maturity stage in perforated plastic containers with a capacity of 500 grams. The berries were processed by spraying with 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% chitosan solution, then removing residual moisture. The storage was carried out for twelve days in a refrigerating chamber at a temperature of 2 °С and relative humidity of 95%. The research was performed according to the physical, chemical, and organoleptic indicators, determining the changes in the mass fraction of ascorbic acid, the mass fraction of sugars during storage, taste, aroma, colour, etc. consistency and appearance at the end of storage. It was found that the loss of ascorbic acid in the processed berries was 1.5-3.9 times less than in the reference sample. A similar situation was observed with the mass fraction of sugars, which prevailed 0.9-2.5 times in the processed samples. According to the organoleptic indicators, the samples with a solution concentration of 1.0% and 2.0% were recognized as the best. According to the results of experimental investigations, it was established that pre-processing of berries with chitosan solutions is a promising method to slow down unwanted metabolic processes that take place after harvesting.

Improved Method for Determining Microbiological Contamination of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters and Blended Diesel Fuels

The process of degradation of biodiesel of vegetable origin (rapeseed and sunflower) under the influence of various factors is considered. Existing methods of determining microbiological contamination of substances are analyzed, their main advantages, disadvantages, and limits of use are determined. Based on the combination of existing methods, a method of qualitative and quantitative determination of the degree of microbiological (bacterial and mycological) damage to fuels has been developed. Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of microbiological damage to traditional and alternative diesel fuels have been established. The microorganisms that are the most active destructors of biofuels have been identified.

The potential of lactic acid bacteria in mediating the control of plant diseases and plant growth stimulation in crop production - A mini review.

The microbial diseases cause significant damage in agriculture, resulting in major yield and quality losses. To control microbiological damage and promote plant growth, a number of chemical control agents such as pesticides, herbicides, and insecticides are available. However, the rising prevalence of chemical control agents has led to unintended consequences for agricultural quality, environmental devastation, and human health. Chemical agents are not naturally broken down by microbes and can be found in the soil and environment long after natural decomposition has occurred. As an alternative to chemical agents, biocontrol agents are employed to manage phytopathogens. Interest in lactic acid bacteria (LAB) research as another class of potentially useful bacteria against phytopathogens has increased in recent years. Due to the high level of biosafety, they possess and the processes they employ to stimulate plant growth, LAB is increasingly being recognized as a viable option. This paper will review the available information on the antagonistic and plant-promoting capabilities of LAB and its mechanisms of action as well as its limitation as BCA. This review aimed at underlining the benefits and inputs from LAB as potential alternatives to chemical usage in sustaining crop productivity.

INFLUENCE OF CHITOSAN ON THE QUALITY OF RASPBERRIES DURING REFRIGERATED STORAGE

Raspberries is a perishable berry with a high capacity for mechanical and microbiological damage, therefore, after harvesting, it is necessary to use appropriate technologies to preserve its quality and extend the shelf life. The aim of the research is influence of different concentrations of chitosan solutions on the quality and shelf life of raspberry berries under cooling conditions. Physico-chemical and organoleptic methods of research and methodological principles of collection, accumulation, systematization, analysis, generalization, and synthesis of information were used in the research. Raspberry berries were collected in the consumer stage of ripeness in perforated plastic containers with a capacity of 500 g. Processing of berries was carried out by spraying 0.5 %; 1.0 % and 2.0 % chitosan solution followed by removal of residual moisture. Storage was carried out for twelve days in a refrigerating chamber at a temperature of 2º C and a relative humidity of 95 %. The research was carried out by determining changes in the mass fraction of ascorbic acid, sugars during storage, as well as taste, aroma, color, consistency and appearance at the end of storage. It was established that the treated berries had 1.5–3.9 times less loss of ascorbic acid than in the control sample. A similar situation was observed with the mass fraction of sugars, the content of which prevailed by 0.9–2.5 % in processed raspberry samples. According to organoleptic indicators, samples with a solution concentration of 1.0 % and 2.0 % were recognized as the best. Raspberries not treated with chitosan quickly lost their marketable appearance, taste and aroma. It was found that pre-treatment of berries with chitosan solutions is a promising way to slow down undesirable metabolic processes during storage, which are carried out after harvesting, which practically makes it possible to extend the consumer properties of the product.

Advances in the management of post-endodontic pain: a review

This review describes the management of post-endodontic pain pharmacologically and non-pharmacologically. Acute periapical inflammation brought on by endodontic treatment-related chemical, mechanical, and/or microbiological damage to the periapical region causes postoperative pain, which is multifactorial in nature. A wide range of technical and pharmacological techniques are taken into consideration and proposed to control post-operative endodontic pain, the present study primarily comprised an overview of systematic reviews, randomized clinical trials,and invitrostudies summarizing advancement in the management of post- operative endodontic pain.

Advances in the management of post-endodontic pain: a review

This review describes the management of post-endodontic pain pharmacologically and non-pharmacologically. Acute periapical inflammation brought on by endodontic treatment-related chemical, mechanical, and/or microbiological damage to the periapical region causes postoperative pain, which is multifactorial in nature. A wide range of technical and pharmacological techniques are taken into consideration and proposed to control post-operative endodontic pain, the present study primarily comprised an overview of systematic reviews, randomized clinical trials, and invitro studies summarizing advancement in the management of post-operative endodontic pain.

Training of Banana Dodol Production at Ladang Bambu Village, Medan Tuntungan

Bananas are generally susceptible to mechanical, physiological, chemical and microbiological damage if handled inappropriately, thus requiring diversification in processing. Various ways of processing bananas have been developed to make various products with varied flavours, such as banana dodol. This service aims to provide knowledge about correctly processing banana dodol to produce delicious banana dodol with an attractive appearance, extend shelf life, increase the economic value of agricultural products, and increase food diversity. Providing technical guidance related to making banana dodol into food products can open new businesses for the community in district V of Ladang Bambu, Medan Tuntungan. Barangan bananas are preferable to using Kepok bananas in making banana dodol.

Innovative technology in quality and safety for the production process of canned meat for child nutrition

Nowadays, for the modern consumer is important to produce qualitative food products. Also, this includes the production of baby food. The product quality means its safety. This term also characterized products for child nutrition. According to the technical regulations TR TS 034 «About meat and meat products safety» there are special factors for providing industrial sterility for meat products for children. These parameters identify safety of products in the part of the risk of microbiological damage that may occur within the technology process of canned meat for child nutrition. In the present article microbiological risks were determined for canned meat for children. Safety parameters for canned meat is established according to the technical regulations TR TS «About meat and meat products safety». At the final step, a good hydrogenic practices in the technology of canned meat for child nutrition were created in order to show the microbiological risks in the production process. In conclusion, the general hygiene practices for the food enterprise were established. Using this material, it is possible to create a system for microbiological damage management in the production technology of canned meat for child nutrition. The control measures must be taken into account the technology and general practices of the enterprise in order to obtain a product with high quality and safety.

Determination of the degree of microbiological damage to the «Cement Concrete - Steel Reinforcement» system

The degree of corrosion damage by microorganisms to the concrete wall of the basement is investigated. The biofilm on the surface of the concrete wall under study is formed by micromycetes Aspergillus niger, bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Actinomycetes, nitrifying bacteria Nitrosomonas, lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus and sulfate-reducing bacteria Desulfovibrio. The waste products of microorganisms consist of organic acids secreted by micromycetes of Aspergillus niger, ammonium ions, carbonate-, nitrate-, sulfide-ions secreted by bacteria. To establish the corrosion state of steel reinforcement in biodegradable concrete, the electrode potential was measured. The established values of the surface potential of steel reinforcement are in the range -351 ÷ -376 mV. This suggests that the probability of local corrosion of steel reinforcement in a biodegradable concrete wall is strong. It will take about 20 years to achieve an aggressive concentration of organic acids at the surface of steel reinforcement in biodegradable concrete with a layer thickness of 5 cm. However, in conditions of constant moistening of the concrete surface, this period is reduced to 10-11 years. The predicted rate of local corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete exposed to microorganisms is at least 0.2 mm/year. It was found that the depth of concrete destruction under the influence of microorganisms, mainly micromycetes Aspergillus niger, for 20 years is 1.3 cm; for 50 years is 2.1 cm.

Biocides and techniques for their encapsulation: a review.

Biocides are compounds that are broadly used to protect products and equipment against microbiological damage. Encapsulation can effectively increase physicochemical stability and allow for controlled release of encapsulated biocides. We categorized microencapsulation into coacervation, sol-gel, and self-assembly methods. The former comprises internal phase separation, interfacial polymerization, and multiple emulsions, and the latter include polymersomes and layer-by-layer techniques. The focus of this review is the description of these categories based on their microencapsulation methods and mechanisms. We discuss the key features and potential applications of each method according to the characteristics of the biocide to be encapsulated, relating the solubility of biocides to the capsule-forming materials, the reactivity between them and the desired release rate. The role of encapsulation in the safety and toxicity of biocide applications is also discussed. Furthermore, future perspectives for biocide applications and encapsulation techniques are presented.

BIOSTABLE LUBRICANT COMPOSITION FOR MARINE, LOCOMOTIVE AND STATIONARY DIESELS

The paper presents the results of research into the biostability of M-10 base oil samples with addition of protective additives for various purposes which are a part of the earlier composition of M-14В2 lubricating oil developed by us. It was established that despite the different nature of these additives (alkyl phenolates, dithiophosphates, sulfonates), all these samples are affected by microorganisms. It found that the introduction of 0,25% α-phenyl-β-nitroethene into the composition of these samples provides their long-term protection from microbiological damage. Based on the results obtained, a new biostable lubricating oil composition for marine, locomotive and stationary diesel engines was developed which does not lose its performance properties for a long time.

ANALYTICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON A FIRED STUCCO WINDOW IN THE ISLAMIC ART MUSEUM STORE OF CAIRO, EGYPT

The stucco window in this study is kept in the stores of the Museum of Islamic Art in Cairo, Egypt, and bears the number 454/7. This window has been exposed to many damage factors, the most important of which is the fire that broke out in the museum in 2006 AD, in addition to the effect of the water that was used to extinguish the fire. This research aims to study the components of the window (stucco - glass - wood) and identify the transformations resulting from the effect of fire using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with EDX, X-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy. In addition, the microbiological damage resulting from the moisture that saturates the plaster and wood was investigated.

POTENSI EKSTRAK KAYU MANIS (Cinnamomum burmannii) SEBAGAI SENYAWA ANTIMIKROBIA PADA EDIBLE FILM PATI SUKUN (Artocarpus communis)

Issues about environmental damage caused by the presence of plastic-based packaging materials require the development of eco-friendly packaging materials. Breadfruit starch contains amylose which has the potential to be developed into natural packaging materials, or edible films. Another function of packaging was to protect food ingredients from damage, one of which was microbiological damage. This study aimed to determine the level of breadfruit starch to produce edible films that meet the standards and to determine the ability of cinnamon extract to inhibit the activity of tested bacteria. The study was conducted using a factorial completely randomized design with 2 factors, namely the concentration of breadfruit starch and the concentration of cinnamon. The results showed that breadfruit starch can be used at a level of 6% which will produce edible film with a tensile strength of up to 6.37 MPa and a thickness of 0.23 mm. Cinnamon extract were able to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Both breadfruit starch and cinnamon extract have the potential to be developed as natural ingredients in the process of making edible films.

THE EFFECT OF ALOE VERA GEL EDIBLE COATING AND GLYCEROL ON THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RED GRAPES (Vitis vinifera L.)

Red grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is easy to get perishable and wrinkles/wilt, brown in color, and soft fruit flesh. one of the benefits of edible coating is that it can protect products from microbiological damage. The ability of aloe vera as an antimicrobial can be a potential ingredient for making edible coatings,. Besides, the use of aloe vera as an edible coating is also very easy and affordable (cheap). The purposes of this study are to determine the effect of glycerol addition and the best treatment of aloe vera edible coating on the quality of the red grape. The experiment used a completely randomized design (CRD) as an experimental design with 4 treatment factors, namely the concentration of glycerol (P1=0%, P2=3%, P3=5%, P4=7%). Each concentration was repeated three times. The parameters observed were physicochemical characteristics (weight reduction, pH, total titrated acid), hedonic quality test (color, aroma, texture). The results showed that the treatment of 3% glycerol was the best treatment since it could maintain the condition of the fruit well during storage, especially weight reduction, aromas, and textures. Parameters that highly affect the quality of red grapes are texture and weight loss.