838 Revzews modelling and hypothesis throughout thenovel, mostimportantly in Sodome et Gomorrhe andintheAlbertine volumes which dramatize thelover's obsessive quest for knowledge. Bothhismetaphors andhismaxims areunderpinned byscientific imagery ontheonehandand,ontheother, a quasi-scientific desire tounderstand thecommon lawsbehindpassion, jealousy, and sexuality. Crucially, whereas modern authors likeProust lookedto science foran understanding ofhuman nature, modern scientists turned toart tounderstand intuition andcreativity. Using theexample ofProust, Luckhurst takes us on a fascinating journey through the evolution ofscience inthelatenineteenth andearly twentieth centuries andits changing relations withartandliterature. Her commanding knowledge ofthe history ofscience andoftheinteraction between thetwocultures attheturn ofthe century opensup valuablenewperspectives forourunderstanding ofmodern literature. There ismuch inthis book which will beofinterest toscholars interested in theinterface between scienceand literature. FortheProust specialist, the numerous closereadings ofthenovel will bemost rewarding. Chapters 5 and6 in particular, whichoffer a highly original and authoritative new readingof homosexuality andbisexuality inthe Recherche, area must for anyone working inthis particular areaofProust scholarship. UNIVERSITY OFEDINBURGH MARION SCHMID Leon-Paul Fargue. ByBARBARA PASCAREL. (Bibliographie desecrivains fran,cais, 2 I ). ParisandRome:EditionsMemini. 2000. 2I2pp. 300F. Thispromises tobea series ofabout 500titles, eachtaking a single author orgroup oftexts. Constraints imposed byeditorial principles, notably theavailability ofa highly-qualified compiler, havelent aneclectic airtothe early list, Pontus deTyard rubbing shoulders with RolandBarthes. Thepresent volume marks a further stage intherediscovery oftheLeon-Paul Fargue, poetandchronicler ofParis, after the belated creation ofthat indispensable motor ofinterest andresearch, an'Association desamis',orin Fargue's case 'deslecteurs', andGoujon'sbiography (Leon-Paul Fargue (Paris:Gallimard, I997)). Withone or tworeservations itis difficult to imagine the work better done.Thebareseries title undersells it, for itisnomere list ofI,242items, butanextensively annotated, carefully categorized andthoughtfully analytical survey. The primary bibliography, 48I entries, includes probably the first-ever description ofmanuscripts inpubliccollections, though itcanunfortunately only announce therecent rediscovery ofthefamily's ownarchive, currently beingclassified. It covers all thebooks, pamphlets andprefaces, butonlythose periodical publications notcollected involumes byFargue: onemust still turn to Schub (Leon-Paul Fargue (Geneve: Droz,I973))for a comprehensive survey. The943 secondary items areoften, asBarbara Pascarel writes, ofboth a purely biographical and somewhat sketchy or ephemeral nature. She hasdonean excellent job of classification, description andevaluation ofthese, with categories such as'Quelques amities litteraires', 'Temoignages etdocuments', and'Lalegende', eachwith a short presentation. Theprovision ofindexed 'mots-cles' for allsignificant items provides further reader-orientation, awaiting theannounced CD-ROM-ing ofthewhole series. There isalsoa logofor works ofparticular interest. Fargue would havebeen pleased toseethat itisnot the traditional Michelin star, buta pairofspectacles. The correction-fanatic that hewaswould havebeenlessimpressed with theoccasional 'literal': theauthor ofoneofonly five works appearing inthe'Indexdestheses' is diversely givenas Moussaire and Moussarie. Noris thatshort listitself quite complete. TheYorkshire reader bridles tonotethepresence ofa Manchester MA MLR,96.3,200I 839 (Ashton, I96I), complete with'lunettes', butno LeedsWI.Phil. (P. Walls,'The Consecration ofSolitude', I983).However, itdoesseemtrue, ifscarcely credible, that thegreat American thesis industry hascompetely ignored this most Parisian of twentieth-century writers. Onecanbesure that, thanks tothe orientations provided byPascarel's 'Desiderata' tailpiece, itwill soonbemaking uplost ground. UNIVERSITY OFLEEDS DAVID ROE RomainRolland. BYR.A.FRANCIS. Oxford:Berg. I999. 285pp. £42.99. Ata timewhenmorerecent figures suchas Sartre arebeginning to appearof another agefrom ourown,onemight be forgiven for assuming that an unstated objective ofR. A. Francis's substantial newstudy wastorescue theauthor ofXean Christophe from the historical permafrost nowcovering much ofthe generation ofthe I860S. Hisstated intentions aretoaddress therelationship between thediffierent areasofRolland's wide-ranging output and to re-assert itsdistinctive diversity against theexcessive emphasis placedonthepolitical writing. Thishedoeswith some flair andconsiderable erudition, commenting persuasively onthe writer's debt toPeguy andtheVedantists, the'revolutionary' playsandl'Ame enchante'e among others. He also restores the Proteancomplexity of theman,nornzalien and musicologist, Tolstoyan mystic and rationalist whoselongspiritual j7erzple from Clamecyto Vezelayvia Switzerland might havebeen designed to illuminate Barresian 'deracinement'. The'separation ofmind andheart' necessaryuSor artistic creation, andtheconcomitant stance 'au-dessus de la melee'appearas early as March I890 (P.2I) beforebeingcontroversially misunderstood or willingly traduced inI9I4.During theI930S, Rolland wasaligned with communism, though unlike Gide,another celebrated fellow-traveller, his'Retour de Moscou'troda moredelicate pathbetween eulogy andanxiety abouttheStalinist regime. He likewise opposedwartime Resistance activity thatcausedunnecessary civilian suffiering, butheoffiered nopublic solacetoCollaboration, despite thesollicitations ofhisneighbour Alphonse deChateaubriant, director ofthe pro-German La Gerbe, oneinterlocutor among many, whoincluded Aragon andClaudel. Francis successfully avoids the twin perils ofundue circumspection anddismissive 'deconstruction', refusing to imposean extraneous intellectual coherence on Rolland while defending hisunderlying unity andcourageous...
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