Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Bearing Mice Research Articles

Smart chitosan nanogel for targeted doxorubicin delivery, ensuring precise release, and minimizing side effects in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing mice

In recent decades, bio-polymeric nanogels have become a forefront in medical research as innovative in-vivo drug carriers. This study introduces a pH-sensitive chitosan nanoparticles/P(N-Isopropylacrylamide-co-Acrylic acid) nanogel (CSNPs/P(NIPAm-co-AAc)), making significant advancements. The nanogel effectively encapsulated doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dx. HCl), a model drug, within its compartments through electrostatic binding. Comparing nano chitosan (CSNPs) before and after integrating copolymerized P(NIPAm-co-AAc), highlighting an improved and adaptable nanogel structure with responsive behaviors. The intraperitoneal delivery of Dx-loaded nanogel (Dx@N.gel) to Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (Eh)-bearing mice at doses equivalent to 1.5 and 3 mg/kg of Dx per day for 14 days exhibited superiority over the administration of free Dx. Dx@N.gel demonstrated heightened anticancer activity, significantly improving mean survival rates in Eh mice. The nanogel's multifaceted defense mechanism mitigated oxidative stress, inhibited lipid peroxidation, and curbed nitric oxide formation induced by free Dx. It effectively countered hepatic DNA deterioration, normalized elevated liver and cardiac enzyme levels, and ameliorated renal complications. This pH-responsive CSNPs/P(NIPAm-co-AAc) nanogel loaded with Dx represents a paradigm shift in antitumor drug delivery. Its efficacy and ability to minimize side effects, contrasting sharply with those of free Dx, offer a promising future where potent cancer therapies seamlessly align with patient well-being.

Effectiveness of l-carnitine Nanoparticles against Nephrotoxicity Induced by 5-Fluorouracil in Ehrlich ascites Carcinoma Bearing Mice

Effectiveness of l-carnitine Nanoparticles against Nephrotoxicity Induced by 5-Fluorouracil in Ehrlich ascites Carcinoma Bearing Mice

Anti-tumor effects of Soyasaponin IV as a natural product in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma bearing mice: modulation of monocyte vascular endothelial growth factor (VEFG) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways

Breast cancer stands as the leading cause of cancer-related fatalities among women globally, presenting a diverse landscape of histological and molecular c characteristics, treatment response, and prognosis. This investigation examined the impact of soyasaponin IV, a natural product, on mice carrying Ehrlich’s ascites carcinoma (EAC), exploring its potential in blostering the hosts’ defense against cancer. The isolated compounds underwent scrutiny for their cytotoxic effects on breast cancer cell line, with Doxorubicin as the reference standard. Notably, Soyasaponin IV exhibited the highest cytotoxicity. Evaluation of its in vivo antitumor efficacy against EAC revealed a substantial reduction in tumor weight and volume, accompanied by improved histological features of tumor cells. EAC-induced abnormalities, including elevated levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) were all shown to be upregulated by EAC, while glutathione (GSH), were mitigated in a dose-dependent manner by soyasaponin IV treatment. Soyasaponin IV emerged as a promising strategy for suppressing EAC by impeding the NF-κB and VEGF pathways.

Anticancer potential of blue-green algae extract (Spirulina plantesis) and Curcumin nanoparticles on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma–bearing mice

Anticancer potential of blue-green algae extract (Spirulina plantesis) and Curcumin nanoparticles on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma–bearing mice

Synergistic effect of avenanthramides and cisplatin co-treatment in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing mice

Synergistic effect of avenanthramides and cisplatin co-treatment in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing mice

Biochemical and molecular mechanisms of Annona sp. fruits extract in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing mice

Biochemical and molecular mechanisms of Annona sp. fruits extract in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing mice

Anti-cancer potential of liver mesenchymal stem cell conditioned media against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma bearing mice

Anti-cancer potential of liver mesenchymal stem cell conditioned media against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma bearing mice

Corosolic Acid Inhibits Secretory Phospholipase A2IIa as an Anti-Inflammatory Function and Exhibits Anti-Tumor Activity in Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Bearing Mice.

Inflammation is generally connected to tumour progression and development. The secretory phospholipase A2IIa (sPLA2IIa) is an important inflammatory enzyme that catalyse the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids into arachidonic and lysophosphatidic acid, which are the precursors for production of a lot of pro-inflammatory mediators like prostaglandins, prostacyclins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes and platelet activating factors, which involved in the proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis. Therefore, investigating safe and effective sPLA2IIa inhibitors as a therapeutic agent to treat cancer is indeed in need. Anti-inflammatory function of corosolic acid was evaluated by docking it with sPLA2IIa enzyme, sPLA2IIa inhibition, calcium and substrate concentration-dependent assays; intrinsic fluorescence and UV-CD analysis; neutralisation of sPLA2IIa induced indirect hemolytic and edema. Evaluated the anticancer activity of corosolic acid by MTT assays and caspase-3 expression; the anti-tumour activity by EAC-induced cell line and interleukin 6 expression. The corosolic acid inhibits sPLA2IIa activity to 82.21±2.82%. The inhibition was evaluated by increasing calcium from 2.5 to 15 µM and substrate from 20 to 120 nM, it did not affect the level of inhibition. Corosolic acid altered the intrinsic fluorescence and UV-CD spectra of sPLA2IIa enzyme, indicating the direct interaction. It neutralised sPLA2IIa induced hemolytic activity from 97±1.23% to 15.75±1.44% and edema from 171.51±2.39% to 119.3±2.6%. Further, as antiproliferative activity, corosolic acid reduced the PC3 cell viability from 99.66±0.57% to 23±2.64% and suppressed LPS-induced IL-6 level from 94.35±2.2% to 34.36±2.4%. It increased mean survivability time from 30 to 38 days and displayed the drug-like qualities. All the experimental results have proven the corosolic acid as an anti-inflammatory and anticancer molecule that may further be used to develop it as a drug.

Biodegradable PEG-PCL Nanoparticles for Co-delivery of MUC1 Inhibitor and Doxorubicin for the Confinement of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Combating triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is still a problem, despite the development of numerous drug delivery approaches. Mucin1 (MUC1), a glycoprotein linked to chemo-resistance and progressive malignancy, is unregulated in TNBC. GO-201, a MUC1 peptide inhibitor that impairs MUC1 activity, promotes necrotic cell death by binding to the MUC1-C unit. The current study deals with the synthesis and development of a novel nano-formulation (DM-PEG-PCL NPs) comprising of polyethylene glycol-polycaprolactone (PEG-PCL) polymer loaded with MUC1 inhibitor and an effective anticancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX). The DOX and MUC1 loaded nanoparticles were fully characterized, and their different physicochemical properties, viz. size, shape, surface charge, entrapment efficiencies, release behavior, etc., were determined. With IC50 values of 5.8 and 2.4 nm on breast cancer cell lines, accordingly, and a combination index (CI) of < 1.0, DM-PEG-PCL NPs displayed enhanced toxicity towards breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) than DOX-PEG-PCL and MUC1i-PEG-PCL nanoparticles. Fluorescence microscopy analysis revealed DOX localization in the nucleus and MUC1 inhibitor in the mitochondria.Further, DM-PEG-PCL NPs treated breast cancer cells showed increased mitochondrial damage with enhancement in caspase-3 expression and reduction in Bcl-2 expression.In vivo evaluation using Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma bearing mice explicitly stated that DM-PEG-PCL NPs therapy minimized tumor growth relative to control treatment. Further, acute toxicity studies did not reveal any adverse effects on organs and their functions, as no mortalities were observed.The current research reports for the first time the synergistic approach of combination entrapment of a clinical chemotherapeutic (DOX) and an anticancer peptide (MUC1 inhibitor) encased in a diblock PEG-PCL copolymer. Incorporating both DOX and MUC1 inhibitors in PEG-PCL NPs in the designed nanoformulation has provided chances and insights for treating triple-negative breast tumors. Our controlled delivery technology is biodegradable, non-toxic, and anti-multidrug-resistant. In addition, this tailored smart nanoformulation has been particularly effective in the therapy of triple-negative breast cancer.

Anti-proliferative and immunomodulatory potencies of cinnamon oil on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma bearing mice

Cinnamon is a well-known natural spice and flavoring substance used worldwide. The objective of the present work is to explore the possible antitumor and immunomodulatory potencies of cinnamon essential oil (Cinn) on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC). A total of fifty female Swiss albino mice were sub-grouped into five groups (n = 10), namely, normal (a non-tumorized and non-treated) group; EAC-tumorized and non-treated group; Cinn (non-tumorized mice received Cinn, 50 mg/kg per body weight daily) group; a group of EAC-tumorized mice treated with Cinn and the final positive control group of EAC-tumorized mice received cisplatin. Eight compounds were identified from Cinn using UPLC-MS-Qtof and NMR analysis. Compared to EAC untreated group, Cinn successfully (P < 0.05) inhibited tumor growth by reducing tumor cell count (45%), viability (53%) and, proliferation accompanied by the inhibition of tumor growth rate. Moreover, a significant (P < 0.05) arrest in the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase was noticed following Cinn treatments (~ 24.5%) compared to EAC group. Moreover, Cinn markedly evoked an antitumor immune response by elevating the percentage of splenic T helper (CD3+CD4+) and T cytotoxic (CD3+CD8+) cells. It is noteworthy that Cinn treatments significantly restored different hematological alterations as well as liver and kidney functions in EAC-tumorized mice. In conclusion, results suggest that Cinn has a good antitumor and immunostimulatory potencies against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in vivo. The mechanism underlying its antitumor activity may be attributed to its immunostimulatory effects which increase its potential as a promising anticancer candidate.

Scrutinizing pathways of nicotine effect on renal Alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) expression in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing mice: Role of Chlorella vulgaris

Nicotine is one of several physiologically stable and active chemicals found in tobacco. The mechanism through which nicotine causes kidney damage is still obscure. As a result, the goal of this research was to investigate how oral nicotine intake can lead to kidney damage. Naturaly occurring superfood green algae are immense supplements help us using extra chemicals during cancer prevalence if the patient is exposed to nicotine. Hence, the mitigating role of Chlorella vulgaris extract (CVE) against nicotine-nephrotoxic impact in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)-bearing mice was studied. For this purpose, four groups of Swiss female mice were assigned, nicotine group (NIC) (100 µg/ml/kg), CVE group (100 mg/kg), CVE + Nicotine, and a control group. Renal dysfunction was evaluated by estimating serum biomarkers ofrenal damage. The expression pattern of Nf-KB, MAPK, P53, and α7-nAchR, lipid peroxidation biomarker, and antioxidant enzyme activities were evaluated in kidney tissue. Also, micro-morphometric examination and apoptosis immunohistochemical reactivity of kidney tissue were applied. The obtained results indicated up-regulation of all estimated genes and oxidative stress. Moreover, a significant (P < 0.05) increment in the apoptotic marker Caspase-3 and declined BCL-2 proteins were recorded. In serum, a significant (P < 0.05) elevation of urea, creatinine, TNF-α, IL-1β, and Kim-1 were evident. Histological investigation reinforced the aforementioned data, revealing structural changes involving the tubules, glomeruli, and interstitium of mice kidneys. CVE may be a strong contender for protecting renal tissue damage since it reduces renal tissue injury and oxidative stress. Cancer patients who regularly use nicotine through direct smoking or second-hand exposure can benefit from CVE usage as a dietary supplement.

Effect of Theobroma cacao L. on the Efficacy and Toxicity of Doxorubicin in Mice Bearing Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma.

Background and objective: Doxorubicin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent that causes oxidative stress leading to cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity. In contrast, Theobroma cacao L. has been recorded as an anticancer agent and found to be protective against multiple chemical-induced organ injuries, including heart, liver, and kidney injuries. The present study investigated the possible role of extracts from T. cacao beans for organ-protective effects in doxorubicin-induced toxicity in mice bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC). Methodology: After survival analysis in rodents, cocoa bean extract (COE) was investigated for its efficacy against EAC-induced carcinoma and its organ-protective effect against doxorubicin-treated mice with EAC-induced carcinoma. Results: Significant reductions in EAC and doxorubicin-induced alterations were observed in mice administered the COE, either alone or in combination with doxorubicin. Furthermore, COE treatment significantly increased the mouse survival time, life span percentage, and antioxidant defense system. It also significantly improved cardiac, hepatic, and renal function biomarkers and markers for oxidative stress, and it also reduced doxorubicin-induced histopathological changes. Conclusion: COE acted against doxorubicin-induced organ toxicity; potent antioxidant and anticancer activities were also reflected by the COE itself. The COE may therefore serve as an adjuvant nutraceutical in cancer chemotherapy.

Antioxidant and antineoplastic activities of leaves of Hibiscus sabdariffa Lina against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells in Swiss albino mice

Background: Since chemical anticancer drugs are found to have adverse effect on body, nowadays people are motivated towards natural agents to treat cancer. Fruits and vegetables are potential source of natural anticancer agents that protect our body against cancer by scavenging and neutralizing free radicals. Objective: The study was aimed to explore antioxidant and anticancer properties of methanolic extract of leaves of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (MEHSL). Methods: In vitro assays were used to examine the different types of phytochemical content and antioxidant properties of MEHSL. In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to study the effects of MEHSL on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells. Chemical constituents were also analyzed by GC–MS. Results: Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of MEHSL were found to be 26.23±0.30 and 131.13±1.40 mg/g of extract in terms of gallic acid and catechin equivalent, respectively. The MEHSL exhibited remarkable scavenging effect on DPPH, ABTS, nitric oxide scavenging activity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation with IC50 values 6.768, 11.54, 29.84 and 17.55, respectively, compared to the positive control, catechin. In vitro cytotoxic study shows that MEHSL reduced the viability of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells in dose dependent manner. In in vivo, significant inhibition of EAC cells growth and proliferation, reduction of tumor weight and increased of survival time of EAC-bearing mice were noted following by intraperitoneal MEHSL treatment at the doses of 5 and 10 mg/ kg/day (p&lt;0.05). Moreover, the MEHSL also altered the depleted hematological parameters like RBC, WBC, and percentage of hemoglobin (Hb %) of EAC bearing mice towards normal. Furthermore, administration of MEHSL induced apoptosis of EAC cells as observed in Hoechst-33342 stained cells under fluorescence microscope. Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (2.845%), hexadecanoic acid (9.858%), linolenic acid methyl ester (2.142%), 9,12- -octadecadien -1-Ol (2.063), alpha-glyceryl linolenate (6.138), arachidic acid (23.280%) and phthalic acid, 6-ethyloct-3-yl 2-ethylhexyl ester (74.926%) were identified as the major constituents of MEHSL by GC-MS analysis. Conclusion: Findings of the present study suggested that the leaves of H. sabdariffa can therefore be considered as a promising resource in cancer chemotherapy. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(2): 156-164

Potential Inhibition of Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma by Naja Nubiae Crude Venom in Swiss Albino Mice

Cancer, the uncontrolled growth of cells, is a noteworthy cause of death globally. The present investigation attempted to study the potential efficacy of the Naja nubiae snake venom (NNSV) against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) bearing mice. The LD50 was determined using twenty female mice (5 per group). The groups were given saline (Control) or venom (0.2, 0.46, 0.6 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal route. For the main experiment, fifty female mice were divided into five groups (n = 10): all groups except groups I and II received EAC cells intraperitoneal. All EAC bearing mice received intraperitoneal saline (EAC control), 0.034 mg/kg NNSV, 0.017 mg/kg NNSV, and reference drug (5- fluorouracil, 20 mg/kg body weight i.p.), respectively. In NNSV-treated mice, there were significant reductions in tumor volume, tumor cell counts, tumor cell viability, total WBC count, MDA, urea, uric acid, AST, ALT, and ALP levels. Red blood cell count, hemoglobin content, platelets, glutathione, and catalase levels increased significantly in NNSV-treated mice. The architecture of the hepatic and renal architecture in mice treated with NNSV was improved histopathologically. The effect of NNSV against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma was inversely dose-dependent.

A novel tin based hydroxamic acid complex induces apoptosis through redox imbalance and targets Stat3/JNK1/MMP axis to overcome drug resistance in cancer

Undesired toxicity and emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) are the major impediments to the successful application of organotin-based compounds against cancer. Since oxalyl-bis(N-phenyl)hydroxamic acid (OBPHA) exerts significant efficacy against cancer, we believe that derivatives of OBPHA including organotin molecule can show a promising effect against cancer. Herein, we have selected three previously characterized OBPHA derivatives viz., succinyl-bis(N-phenyl)hydroxamic acid (SBPHA), diphenyl-tin succinyl-bis(N-phenyl)hydroxamic acid (Sn-SBPHA), malonyl-bis(N-phenyl)hydroxamic acid (MBPHA) and evaluated their antiproliferative efficacy against both drug-resistant (CEM/ADR5000; EAC/Dox) and sensitive (CCRF-CEM; HeLa; EAC/S) cancers. Data revealed that Sn-SBPHA selectively targets drug-resistant and sensitive cancers without inducing any significant toxicity to normal cells (Chang Liver). Moreover, shortening of the backbone of SBPHA enhances the efficacy of the newly formed molecule MBPHA by targeting only drug-sensitive cancers. Sn-SBPHA induces caspase3-dependent apoptosis through redox-imbalance in both drug-resistant and sensitive cancer. Sn-SBPHA also reduced the activation and expression of both MMP2 and MMP9 without altering the expression status of TIMP1 and TIMP2 in drug-resistant cancer. In addition, Sn-SBPHA reduced the activation of both STAT3 and JNK1, the transcriptional modulator of MMPs, in a redox-dependent manner in CEM/ADR5000 cells. Thus, Sn-SBPHA targets MMPs by modulating STAT3 and JNK1 in a redox-dependent manner. However, MBPHA and SBPHA fail to target drug resistance and both drug-resistant and sensitive cancer respectively. Furthermore, Sn-SBPHA significantly increases the lifespan of doxorubicin-resistant and sensitive Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma-bearing mice without inducing any significant systemic toxicity. Therefore, Sn-SBPHA has the therapeutic potential to target and overcome MDR in cancer.

Abstract 1925: Effect of Averrhoa carambola extract on the antineoplastic and apoptotic activities in mice

Abstract Medicinal plants play significant roles in the treatment of different diseases. Averrhoa carambola has important clinical values in the treatment of cancer. However, its antineoplastic and apoptotic activities are still obscure. In this study, we were aimed to investigate those potentials of Averrhoa carambola in mice. For this, first the powder, prepared from the leaf and flower of Averrhoa carambola, were suspended with methanol to yield methanol extract of leaf and flower. Antineoplastic effect of leaf (25 and 50 mg/kg) against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) was assessed by evaluating the viable tumor cell count, survival time, body weight and hematological parameters of EAC cell bearing mice. The result showed that the treatment with leaf significantly (p&amp;lt;0.05) decreased viable EAC cells and body weight gain thereby increasing the life span of EAC bearing mice and also revive the altered hematological (Hb, total RBC and WBC) parameters compare to those with normal values. Fluorescence microscopic view of 4,6-diamino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining demonstrated that leaf induced the alterations (i.e., nuclear condensation, fragmentation, membrane blabbing and apoptosis of cells) in the morphology of EAC cells. And, the quantitative analysis of p53 mRNA level by RT-PCR showed that p53 gene expression in leaf treated EAC cell was upregulated in respect to untreated control. These findings indicate that the induction of apoptosis in leaf-treated EAC cell was probably mediated through p53-dependent pathway. From this study, it can be concluded that the leaf of Averrhoa carambola exhibited potent antineoplastic and apoptotic activities that might be a potential agent for prevention of cancer in mice. Citation Format: Md. Zahid Hasan, Ayesha Siddika. Effect of Averrhoa carambola extract on the antineoplastic and apoptotic activities in mice [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1925.

Doxorubicin supplemented with pravastatin in lipid nanoemulsion induces antineoplastic activity with limited hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity in tumor-bearing mice

Doxorubicin (DXR) is widely indicated as anticancer drug, but serious cardiotoxicity limits its clinical application. Recently, Pravastatin (PS) is one of the statins that appear to possess a potential role in cancer therapy despite its hepatotoxicity. Interestingly, drug delivery systems are designed for targeted and controlled delivery of one or more drugs loaded in nanoparticles, holding an enormous potential in therapeutics. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to assess the tolerability of a novel nanoemulsion formulation holding DXR and pravastatin (DXR+PS/LNE) in Swiss albino mice bearing Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC). The efficacy and tolerability of nanoemulsion formulation was assessed by monitoring body weight changes, biochemical and histopathological profiles of cardiac and hepatic tissues. The formulated DXR+PS/ LNE has mean droplet diameter of 139.90±3.85 nm. The present findings indicated that DXR+PS/LNE caused a significant decrease in body weight change and a 217.35 % increase in the mean survival time compared to EAC-challenged mice. In addition, no significant changes in biochemical parameters were detected compared to corresponding controls. The current preclinical results suggest that the nanoemulsion formulation of doxorubicin with pravastatin could be a promising novel cancer therapy, in terms of tolerability.

Pharmacological Evaluation of Caesalpinia pulcherrima Leaf Extract for Anticancer Activity against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Bearing Mice

Pharmacological Evaluation of Caesalpinia pulcherrima Leaf Extract for Anticancer Activity against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Bearing Mice

Mechanism of Anti-Angiogenic and Renal Protective Activity of Balanites aegyptiaca Seeds Extract in Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma-Bearing Mice

Mechanism of Anti-Angiogenic and Renal Protective Activity of Balanites aegyptiaca Seeds Extract in Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma-Bearing Mice

Caffeic acid and protocatechuic acid modulate Nrf2 and inhibit Ehrlich ascites carcinomas in mice

Objective: To assess the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) modulatory effect of caffeic acid and protocatechuic acid and determine the anti-tumor activity of these phenolic compounds against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma growth in mice. Methods: Antioxidant activity of protocatechuic acid and caffeic acid was assessed using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Nrf2 activation potential of phenolic compounds was tested by quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction, and luciferase complementation reporter assays. In vivo efficacy was tested using the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma model. Results: FRAP and DPPH radical scavenging assays showed that caffeic acid and protocatechuic acid were more potent compared with cinnamic acid and benzoic acid. Luciferase complementation reporter assays identified caffeic acid and protocatechuic acid as the activators of Nrf2. Both caffeic acid and protocatechuic acid upregulated the expression of Nrf2 target genes heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM) and the activity of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) when tested on HCT-116 cells using a cell-based assay system at 9 h. In addition, intraperitoneal administration of caffeic acid and protocatechuic acid to Ehrlich ascites carcinoma bearing mice suppressed tumor growth and angiogenesis. Conclusions: Caffeic acid and protocatechuic acid can modulate Nrf2 and inhibit Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells.