MHD Nanofluid Research Articles

MHD nanofluid flow with energy transfer over a porous stretching surface by using a second-grade fluid model

The main attention of this research is to examine the nature of the flow behavior of nanofluids and energy transfers past an expanding sheet with second-grade fluid model. The system is also situated in an absorbent area, which affects the effects of heat and mass transport and chemical reaction. The numerical calculations and visualization for various flow parameters are performed using a finite difference code that is developed in the built-in bvp4c solver scheme of MATLAB. This involves adopting a set of new variables to change the character of the governing equations of this study. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, many authors have contributed to this field, but they do not take into account the above fluid model associated with the energy transfers with the influences of Brownian motion, thermophoresis effect, and chemical reaction parameters, etc., in their study. Major findings of this study is to achieve a higher amount of thermal transference using the physical parameters, such as magnetic, visco-elastic, thermophoresis, and Brownian motion parameters, etc. Also, using smaller values of the magnetic parameter can be an effective way to minimize the impact of drag force of the fluid at the surface. The considering fluid model has multifarious industrial applications, such as food and cosmetic industry and pharmaceutical and biomedical industry, etc., due to its versatile rheological characteristics.

Viscoelastic third-order nanofluid MHD flow for wire coating purpose inside canonical coating die with variable viscosity effect: numerical and analytical solutions

The polyethene coating is frequently functionalized to cables or pipes for corrosion prevention, voltage differential, mechanical characteristics, and environmental legislation. The metal coating technique, in particular, is important in a variety of commercial applications. Coaxial extrusion, immersion, and electromagnetic application are examples of wire surface treatments. The wire coating procedure necessitates an increase in thermal performance. As a result, this research aims to determine how floating nanoparticles affect the mass and heat transport mechanisms of non-Newtonian fluid in the posttreatment for cable coating processes. For nanofluids, the Buongiorno model is used, including variable viscosity. The original mathematical formulation in terms of nonlinear ODEs for bvph2 is altered to first-order ODEs using similarity transformation. The data collection for the projected bvph2 is developed for variables related to the proposed model manipulating the velocity consuming the explicit bvph2 technique. The exercise, confirmation, and analysis processes of the ND-solve method are utilized to appraise the attained results of bvhp2 for numerous cases, and an assessment of the achieved consequences is executed with available statistics set to pattern the correctness and efficiency of the suggested algorithm for the scrutiny of non-Newtonian fluid problem connected bvph2. The prevailing uniformity of recommended conclusions with published findings designates the legitimacy of the structure, and the accurateness of 10−6 is also accomplished. The analytical findings of this investigation revealed that within the Reynolds modeling, the stress on the whole wire surface combined with shear forces at the surface predominates Vogel’s model. The contribution of nanomaterials upon force on the entire surface of wire and shear forces at the surface appears positive. A non-Newtonian feature can increase the capping substance’s velocity. This research could aid in the advancement of wire coating technologies. For the first instance, the significance of nanotechnology during wire coating evaluation is explored by utilizing Brownian motion with generation/absorption slip processes. For time-dependent viscosity, two alternative models are useful.

Computational Study of MHD Nanofluid Flow with Effects of Variable Viscosity and Non-uniform Heat Generation

Computational Study of MHD Nanofluid Flow with Effects of Variable Viscosity and Non-uniform Heat Generation

Numerical Analysis of MHD Nanofluid Flow Characteristics with Heat and Mass Transfer over a Vertical Cone Subjected to Thermal Radiations and Chemical Reaction

Nanoparticles have the ability to increase the impact of convective heat transfer in the boundary layer region. An investigation is made to analysis of magnetohdrodynamic nanofluid flow with heat and mass transfer over a vertical cone in porous media under the impact of thermal radiations and chemical reaction. In addition, thermal radiations, Hall current, and viscous and Joule dissipations and chemical reaction effects are considered. Considered three different nanoparticles types namely copper, silver, and titanium dioxide with water as base fluid. The governing equations are transformed by similarity transformations into a set of non-linear ordinary differential equations involving variable coefficients. Two numerically approaches are used to solve the transformed boundary layer system Finite Difference Method (FDM) and Chebyshev-Galerkin Method (CGM). As stated in the present analysis, it is appropriate to address a number of physical mechanisms, including velocity, temperature and concentration, as well as closed-form skin friction/mass transfer/heat transfer coefficients. Different comparisons are done with previously published data in order to validate the current study under specific special circumstances, and it is determined that there is a very high degree of agreement. The main results indicated that as the Prandtl number increases, the temperature profile decreases, but it grows for higher values of the thermophoresis parameter, Brownian motion, and Eckert number. Moreover, higher Brownian motion values lead to a less prominent concentration profile. Consequently, this speeds up the cooling process and enhances the surface’s durability and strength.

Analysis of slip condition in MHD nanofluid flow over stretching sheet in presence of viscous dissipation: Keller box simulations

In present paper the mathematical study of Slip conditions on electrically conducting nanofluid over a vertically stretching sheet is presented with effects of viscous dissipation, thermal radiation and Soret and Dufor. The state of flow has been explained mathematically with help of partial differential equations. Model equations are made convenient for calculation by suitable transformations. With the help of Kellerbox technique unknown functions are approximated in flow situation. The influence of medium porosity, magnetic field strength, thermal radiation, Soret and Dufour effects, Buoyancy forces, viscous dissipation wall slip parameter, and heat source are investigated in detail. Effects of emerging parameters on velocity, concentration, temperature and profiles are investigated. In relation to the parameters involved, we can observe the rates of momentum, heat, and mass transfer near the stretching surface. It can be concluded from the study that velocity slip parameter accelerates with fluid motion, temperature of nanoparticles is enhanced due to rise in Eckert number and Biot number, while the Soret effect enhances the nanoparticles concentration close to the stretching sheet. Also, under common assumptions, the analytical approximations for the solution of the current model that were produced by using the Keller box approach were shown to be in very excellent agreement with certain early publications.

On heat transfer with unsteady MHD nanofluid von Karman flow with uniform suction

On heat transfer with unsteady MHD nanofluid von Karman flow with uniform suction

Application of fractional derivatives in a Darcy medium natural convection flow of MHD nanofluid

Application of fractional derivatives in a Darcy medium natural convection flow of MHD nanofluid

Unveiling the Behavior of MHD Mixed Convective Nanofluid Slip Flow over a Moving Vertical Plate with Radiation, Chemical Reaction, and Viscous Dissipation

The effects of chemical reactions on heat and mass transfer with radiation are extremely important in hydrometallurgical industries and chemical technology, such as polymer synthesis and food processing. A mathematical model for a viscous, incompressible, mixed convective, and MHD slip flow over a moving vertical plate is proposed in the present research. On account of physical relevance, the combined effect of radiation and chemical reaction on MHD nanofluid is studied. Using the similarity transformation method, the governing equations are converted into a system of ODEs. The transformed equations are then numerically solved by the Galerkin finite element method (GFEM). To analyse the characteristics of flow and heat transfer, a number of parameters are examined, including the slip, magnetic, radiation, and chemical reaction parameters, as well as the Schmidt, Grashof, Eckert, and Prandtl numbers. The coefficient of skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood numbers for selected parameters are numerically presented. Graphs are used to determine and study the effects of magnetic fields, slip conditions, radiation, and chemical reactions on the temperature, concentration, and velocity profiles of nanofluids. This study shows that the presence of chemical reactions and radiation causes an increase in the velocity profile and temperature profile, respectively. Additionally, it is discovered that the temperature profile grows with increasing velocity slip, and concentration increases with increasing thermal slip. The current work has broad applications in various fields and can lead to the development of more efficient and effective systems in different industries, such as heat exchangers, energy production, environmental engineering, and biomedical engineering.

The Effect of Viscous Dissipation and Chemical Reaction on the Flow of MHD Nanofluid

A numerical investigation is performed for the MHD viscous nanofluid due to convective stretching. Heat and mass transfer are investigated for steady, viscous dissipations and chemical reactions. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into an arrangement of the non-linear ordinary differential equations by using the similarity transformation. Utilising the shooting method, the system of ordinary differential equations has been solved with the help of the computational language FORTRAN to compute the numerical results. The numerical solution obtained for the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles has been presented through graphs for different choices of physical parameters. The numerical values of the Nusselt and Sherwood numbers have also been presented and analysed through tables.

Theoretical analysis of Arrhenius activation energy on 3D MHD nanofluid flow with convective boundary condition

Industry and space technology have significant issues managing heat energy and controlling mass dispersion. The purpose of this study is to develop motion caused by boundary layer thickness sheets that are increasingly being used in various engineering fields (civil engineering, mechanical, aeronautical, maritime processes and constructions). The activation energy is a critical factor in chemical reactions due to the existence of many applications in gas-cooled reactors, nuclear thermal rockets and liquid-fluoride reactors. This study presents the numerical analysis of activation energy on three dimensional (3D) nanofluid (NFs) motion via Stretching Surface (SS) with nonlinear thermal radiation effect. This is in contrast to the conventional slip condition, convective condition applied at surface. The governing basic equations are translated into nonlinear ODEs by suitable similarity transformations. The relevant boundary value problem was explored for a numerical solution for applying the MATLAB based on Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg (RKF) scheme via shooting technique. The major outcomes of current work have more concentration ([Formula: see text]) and Mass Transfer Rate ([Formula: see text]) for various numerical values of Activation Energy ([Formula: see text]). The present solutions determine very good correlation with the previously studied ones in a special case as predicted in the tables.

Entropy Generation of Unsteady Magnetohydrodynamics Nanofluid Flow Over a Porous Inclined Stretching Surface with Velocity Slip and Viscous Dissipation

The numerical investigation of the effects of inclined variable magnetic field, velocity slip, thermal radiation and viscous dissipation on the entropy generation of an unsteady MHD nanofluid flow over an inclined stretching sheet in a porous medium has been carried out here. The non-dimensional non-linear governing ordinary differential equations obtained after suitable similarity transformations are solved by SQLM. Effects of important factors of the model on the flow characteristics were numerically analysed and discussed in details with tables and graphs. Important physical quantities of skin friction, Nusselt number and the local Sherwood number were calculated and illustrated on tables. The aligned angle of the variable magnetic field between 0° and 90° was found to significantly influence the fluid flow rate, temperature, mass flux and entropy generation through the Bejan number. The velocity slip slip was found to have no signicant effects on the mass flux, however it influenced significantly the fluid flow rate and temperature. The inclination of the stretching sheet and the porosity of the medium were also found to influence the fluid flow rate, temperature and mass flux.

Finite element study of nanofluid through porous nonlinear stretching surface under convective boundary conditions

The current model examines the impact of convective boundary condition on the MHD nanofluid flow across a permeable nonlinear stretching surface in a steady, laminar, incompressible boundary layer. Basic equations get transmuted to a nonlinear model after selecting relevant similarity transformations which are explored numerically using validated FEM (finite element method) code. Results explicitly demonstrate traits of pertinent parameters on species concentration, temperature, and velocity functions. The numerical code accuracy is validated by comparing the outcomes with existing data. The study reveals that surge in the nanoparticles enhances nanofluid thermal conductivity. Heat transfer, Skin friction, and Sherwood number are sturdily influenced by the permeability of the sheet. These findings are of practical importance in designing heat transfer systems that employ nano-fluids as their principal heat exchange medium and support applications in futuristic technology which thrives on heat enhancement research like renewable and geothermal energy arena.The current study can be extended to flows considering pressure gradients on arbitrary surfaces and to cases of three-dimensional flows, and non-Newtonian flows.

Impact of Activation Energy and Hall Current on MHD Nano-Fluid Flow with Inclined Plates

This research article deals with the impact of Activation energy and Hall current on an electrically conducting nanofluid flow past a continuously stretching surface with heat generation/absorption has been explored. Transverse magnetic field with the assumption of small Reynolds number is implemented vertically. Appropriate similarity transformations are utilized to transform the governing partial differential equations into the non-linear ordinary differential equations. Numerical solutions for the dimensionless velocity, temperature and nanoparticle concentration are computed with the help of the shooting method. The impact of each of the Activation energy, Hall current parameter, Brownian motion parameter, Prandtl number, thermophoresis parameter and magnetic parameter on velocity, concentration and temperature, is discussed through graphs. The skin friction coefficient along the x−and z−directions, the local Nusselt number and the Sherwood number are calculated numerically to look into the inside behavior of the emerging parameters.

Significance of multi-slips and thermal radiation for unsteady MHD nanofluid flow subject to gyrotactic microorganisms and Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model over a stretching sheet

This study considered the Cattaneo–Christov heat flux for examining the nanofluid flow with heat transfer towards a stretching sheet involving thermal and solutal buoyancy, activation energy, thermal radiation, and microorganism concentration. It is suggested that the model of Buongiorno nanofluid can be used to sync the influences of thermophoresis and Brownian motion. The 2D boundary layer with non-Fourier PDEs is converted into 1D nonlinear ODEs. Using the RK-4 method, the acquired equations were analyzed numerically. In this regard, the relevant engineering quantities are extensively computed with a higher degree of precision and then tabulated. The motile concentration, temperature, nanoparticles concentration, and velocity decline for numerous values of involved parameters such as slips of microorganism concentration, thermal, solutal, and hydrodynamic, respectively. The temperature field decreased when the parameter of thermal relaxation was imposed, while the reverse behavior was shown for thermophoresis, radiation parameter, and Brownian motion. The current results manifest a reasonable assessment of their existing counterparts.

Heat and mass transfer for MHD nanofluid flow on a porous stretching sheet with prescribed boundary conditions

A theoretical study is conducted in order to scrutinize the thermodynamic first law of the MHD nanofluid flow with an inclined magnetic field, radiation, heat source/sink, viscous dissipation, Joule heating, concentration power-law exponent, and the chemical reaction on a porous stretching surface immersed within a permeable Darcian medium. Cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CoFe2O4) have been combined with pure water to form a nanofluid called CoFe2O4/H2O. The controlling mathematical equations for MHD nanofluid flow are transformed through similarity transformation into non-dimensional equations. The exact solutions for the energy and mass transfer equations are provided in terms of confluent hypergeometric function. The effects of controlling parameters on the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are discussed and illustrated with figures and tables. According to the results, increasing the concentration power-law exponent yields a rise in the Sherwood number (PSC) magnitude and the wall concentration (PMF). Furthermore, the 3-D plots showed that the skin friction coefficient is directly related to the Hartmann number, suction parameter, and nanoparticle volume fraction parameter.

A Radiative Chemical Process for the Methylene Blue Degradation by Natural Convective Nanofluid Flow over an Upright Cone.

An upstraight cone with nonisothermal surface velocity, temperature, and concentration was investigated using a numerical solution approach to simulate MHD, MB dye, and various nanofluid flows. Numerical evaluation of the flow field equation was carried out using an excellent finite difference method after it has been converted into a dimensionless form. Different heat transfer occurrences were observed depending on temperature, velocity, and concentration when using several types of nanofluids (TiO, Ag, Cu, and Al2O3Z3). The amount of MB dye that was degraded by the synthesized nanofluids under the influence of sunlight irradiation was 81.40 percent as a catalyst (carbon nanodots). The parametric analysis of various features of flow fields has been shown using graphs. It was observed that heat is generated from the cone during the sun light irradiation reaction, heat is transferred to MB dye containing nanofluids, and heat interacts with nanofluids and is involved in the chemical reaction with the assistance of electrons. As MB dye degrades in the absence of catalysts (carbon nanodots), it is only 52 percent effective. MB dye is degraded at 81.40 percent, then becomes stable, and takes 120 minutes to degrade in nanofluids containing MB dye with catalysts (carbon nanodots).

Entropy analysis of unsteady MHD nanofluid flow over a stretching surface with effects of variable viscosity and nonuniform heat generation

An unsteady two-dimensional nanofluid flow across a permeable stretched sheet is examined in terms of thermodynamic analysis. Water is utilized as the basic fluid, together with four distinct types of nanoparticles: copper (Cu), copper oxide (CuO), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), and titanium dioxide (TiO2). An external source is used to describe the heat transfer phenomena. The effects of heat generation and absorption are also taken into account. The nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations via a similarity transformation. The spectral quasi-linearization approach is then used to numerically integrate the altered equations. Except when otherwise noted, the findings are provided for copper nanoparticle situations. A visual and detailed explanation of the effects of several physical factors on the profiles of dimensionless velocity, temperature, average entropy generation function, skin friction, and the Nusselt number are discussed. As exceptional circumstances of the current findings, there is a strong agreement between the current conclusion and the findings of the other researchers. The average entropy generation number, temperature, and velocity profiles are shown to be strongly influenced by regulating factors. It is concluded that the average entropy generation decreased in the presence of a temperature- and space-dependent heat source/sink, but it improves with enhanced viscosity parameter. The significance of the present study has frequent applications in the major area of heat transfer enhancement in renewable energy systems, industrial thermal management, and also materials processing.

Momentum and thermal transport analysis in MHD nanofluid through the thermally heated square conduit: Finite element method

ObjectiveThe purpose of this investigation is to report the thermal performance of water-based nanofluids with two different types of hybrid nanofluids for the cooling process of the radiator inside the thermally heated square cavity under the addition of thermal radiation and magnetic field by using the finite element method. Research gapThe heat transfer analysis of MHD nanofluid with the suspension of titanium alloy Ti6A14V and aluminum alloy AA7075 in cavity flow problems under the effects of thermal radiation and thermal boundary conditions by using the Galerkin finite element method is not reported before. NoveltyIn this numerical investigation, the novel mathematical model of two types of titanium alloy Ti6A14V (class of titanium) and aluminum alloy AA7075 is proposed first time in the cavity flows under the influence of a uniform magnetic field and non-uniform thermally heated bottom wall. The momentum and energy equations are updated with terms of magnetic field and thermal radiation, respectively. The cavity is filled with AA7075- Ti6A14V/water nanofluids. Two parallel vertical walls of the cavity are set at constant temperatures (Tc) and the top one is adiabatic while the temperature at the lower wall is taken as the variable. Method of solutionThe physical model is composed in terms of nonlinear differential equations and transformed into a dimensionless form by using suitable non-dimensional quantities. The Galerkin finite element method along with iterative Newton’s Raphson method is selected to simulate the problem and obtain the numerical solution with a high degree of accuracy. The results are illustrated for fixed Prandtl number Pr=10.0 throughout the calculation, Rayleigh number 1000≤Ra≤100000, nanoparticle volume friction 0.0≤ϕ≤0.05 Hartman number 0≤Ha≤10 and thermal radiation parameter 1.0≤Ra≤10.0. Both grid independence tests and comparison tests are directed to get the accuracy of the established model. Important findingsThe computational results revealed that the aluminum alloy (AA7075) alloys nanoparticles are more productive as compared to titanium (Ti6Al4V) alloy nanoparticles in terms of enhancing the thermal features of water-based nanofluid. The aluminum alloy nanofluid and titanium alloy nanofluid provide 3.9 % & 5.7 % and 2.9 % & 4.2 % more heat transfer at the bottom and side walls as compared to regular fluid. ApplicationsThe current nanofluid models are more efficient than the conventional model to control the heat transfer rate and flow phenomena. The computational results revealed that if the radiator is assembled by using the modern concept of hybrid nanofluid then that will increase the heat transfer of the engine and enhance the lifespan of the machinery.

Analysis of Williamson nanofluid MHD over a nonlinear stretchable sheet by velocity slip and newtonian heating

In this paper, the influence of velocity slip and the Newtonian heating parameters on Williamson Nanofluid across a variable stretching sheet is studied. The basic fluid flow equations are turned into a system of coupled ordinary differential equations with appropriate conditions, which are solved numerically with the Keller-box approach. The outcomes show that, increasing Williamson parameter, due to the viscosity velocity of the fluid slowdown. As a result, it is noticed that the velocity slip parameter reduces Williamson Nanofluid velocity, while increasing shear stress, according to the results. Furthermore, it has been discovered that unlike velocity profiles, the slip influence is more pronounced on temperature and concentration profiles. Furthermore, the Newtonian heating parameter may be shown to have rising functions for velocity and dimensionless temperature. Newtonian heating has uses in the petroleum industry, heat exchangers, conjugate heat transfer around fins and solar radiation. It is discovered that the Joule heating parameter improves the thermal boundary layer thickness and slows down the velocity of the fluid, which aids in maintaining system temperature. Additionally, it has been found that the temperature profile exhibits a stronger slip effect compared with the velocity profile. To prepare toffee, chocolate and other delicacies as efficiently as possible, it is crucial to investigate the flow of Williamson fluids (such as drilling muds, clay coatings, various suspensions and some lubricating oils, thermoplastic melts, and a variety of colloids) in the incidence of heat transfer. The novelty of this paper is the effect of joule heating, Newtonian heating parameter and velocity slip on Williamson fluid velocity and temperature gradient. Furthermore, the heat and mass transfer rates are calculated for various parameters numerically and shown in tabular form.

Optimization of heat transfer nanofluid blood flow through a stenosed artery in the presence of Hall effect and hematocrit dependent viscosity

The heat transfer rate of the MHD nanofluid blood flow through a stenosed composite artery with hematocrit-dependent viscosity and Hall effect is optimized by using the response surface methodology (RSM). An experimental design and sensitivity analysis based on RSM are employed to examine the impact of different physical parameters and how changes to these parameters affect the response factors of interest. RSM is utilized in the process of constructing the model dependencies between the output response variables, such as the skin friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number, and the independent input parameters, such as the magnetic field parameter, the Hall parameter, and the Brinkman number. These model dependencies are used to determine the relationship between the output response variables and the independent input parameters. For medical applications, the effects of the aforementioned parameters on the velocity and temperature along the radial axis have been examined and physically interpreted. Shear stress and Nusselt number are analyzed using graphs for several physical factors in addition to stenosis height. The increases in the hematocrit parameter are accompanied with a decrease in velocity profile, as it enhances the fluid viscosity that reduces the fluid motion. The sensitivity of Nux (Nusselt number) and τ (shear stress profile) are positive for Br, while negative for M and Be. In addition, current research may be helpful in biomedical by detecting the abnormalities in the artery with the help of the artery image, also known as magnetic resonance angiography (MRA).