Mg Of Phosphorus Research Articles

Nyctohemeral saliva extraction and its influence on the chemistry of the blood

Mixed saliva was extracted with a saliva ejector during 24 h from 17 normal volunteers on routine diet and drinking water ad libitum. In the volume of 1770.7 ml of extracted saliva 153.6 mOsm, 40.6 mequiv. of sodium, 32.6 mequiv. of potassium, 5.6 mequiv. of calcium, 2.0 mequiv. of magnesium, 8.3 mequiv. of ammonia, 30.7 mequiv. of chloride, 121.3 mg of sulphur, 265.7 mg of phosphorus and 523.6 mg of urea were found. After the extraction of the saliva the concentrations of potassium, magnesium, urea, phosphorus, calcium and chloride in the blood were significantly decreased. The same experiment was made with 4 subjects in fasting conditions, with water restriction during 12 h. The conclusion is reached that the extraction of saliva may be advisable in cases of renal failure, when the use of the artificial kidney or peritoneal dialysis is not advisable or impracticable.

PARATHYROID HORMONE AND PHOSPHATE HOMEOSTASIS IN MAN

ABSTRACT To determine whether parathyroid hormone is required for renal response to phosphorus loading, the effects of ingestion of 3100 mg of phosphorus daily for 3 days were compared in 5 treated hypoparathyroid patients and 5 normal control subjects of comparable age and sex. In both normal and hypoparathyroid subjects the response to phosphorus loading was characterized by an increase in urinary excretion of phosphorus without a concomitant increase in the rate of glomerular filtration of phosphorus. Some mechanism other than changes in rates of parathyroid hormone secretion probably accounts for renal responses to changes in phosphorus intake. The timing of urine and serum collections with regard to food intake and the total amount of phosphorus in the diet were found to affect the assessment of renal handling of phosphorus. The finding that a 3-day period of oral phosphorus loading did not increase the serum phosphorus level in the hypoparathyroid patients suggests that phosphorus restriction is not always necessary in the treatment of hypoparathyroidism. The addition of one more condition to the list of those that may affect the percentage of renal tubular resorption of phosphorus in no way decreases the usefulness of this determination in the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism.

Pure Maple Syrup: Nutritive Value

Variations in concentrations of sugar, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium of sap from sugar maple (Acer saccharum, Marsh.) trees are related to the time of sap collection and result in variation of the same components in pure maple syrup. Thirty milliliters (one fluid ounce) of pure maple syrup may contain 3 to 6 mg of phosphorus, 10 to 30 mg of potassium, 40 to 80 mg of calcium, and 4 to 25 mg of magnesium.

A rapid and precise heterometric method for the determination of traces of phosphoric or arsenic acid with nitron and molybdate

The precipitation of phosphomolybdate or arsenomolybdate with nitron was studied by heterometry at various acidities. A rapid and precise heterometric method is presented for the determination of 0.03–0.08 mg of phosphorus (or 0.06–0.16 mg of arsenic). Foreign salts can be tolerated often in 100–200-fold molar amounts. No interference is caused by Ca, Ba, Mg, Zn, Cr 3+, Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Al, U(VI), Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg 2+, Ag, Zr or Th. Iodide, silicic acid, tartrate or pyrophosphate can also be tolerated. The titration time is 10–15 min and the error is usually less than 1%.

Residence Time of Dissolved Phosphate in Natural Waters

Residence time varies from approximately 0.05 to 200 hours. Short residence times are indictative of depleted phosphate, active metabolic activity, or both. The turnover rate of phosphate is between 0.1 and 1.0 mg of phosphorus per cubic meter, per hour, regardless of phosphate concentration, except in biologically active systems where it is 1.0 to 20. The turnover rate of phosphate may be more important than the phosphate concentration in maintaining highly productive systems.

The gravimetric semi-micro determination of phosphorus, as quinoline phosphomolybdate, in organic compounds

A gravimetric finish has been applied to the semi-micro determination of phosphorus in organic compounds after fusion with sodium peroxide. It has been shown that the precipitate of quinoline phosphomolybdate prepared from 3 mg of phosphorus has the theoretical composition and that, using a special weighing technique, very precise results can be obtained. Two other weighing techniques are described which give results satisfactory for semi-micro work.

The Loss of Calcium, Phosphorus, Iron, and Nitrogen in Hair from the Scalp of Women

Twelve women, 18 through 22 years of age, and one woman, 54 years of age, collected hair from the scalp. Combings for four six-day periods, shampoo losses during 28 days, and hair cuttings from three trimmings were collected by the young women. Collections over longer periods of time were made by the older woman. The mean annual loss of hair, after washing and drying at 90-95° C, was 70.73 g/person/year for the young women; the range was from 41.36 to 105.96 g. The older woman lost 49.18 g. The loss of hair reported here was minimum because a little undoubtedly escaped through the hair net worn during the combing-collection periods. The value does not include hair lost from other parts of the body. The mean content per 100 g of hair for each of 12 young women was 127 ± 74.4 mg of calcium, 13.6 ± 2.02 mg of phosphorus, 1.80 ± 0.572 mg of iron, and 15.7 ± 0.65 g of nitrogen. The mean annual loss for each young woman was 90 mg of calcium, 9.7 mg of phosphorus, 1.22 mg of iron and 11.1 g of nitrogen. The annual losses of the older woman were within the range for the others. The figures here reported for the annual loss of nutrients by way of the hair may be too small because some nutrients, especially calcium, may be lost from hair during shampooing. The type of preparation used for shampooing may affect the loss of minerals: a certain soap removed less calcium than a certain commercial shampoo, when hair was washed once in each, and one commercial shampoo had the effect of either adding iron to hair or causing the retention of more iron than soap and certain other commercial shampoos.

I) Estudo comparativo sobre a aplicabilidade dos métodos do óxido crômico e convencional para a avaliação da digestabilidade aparente no rato albino II) Índices de retenção do nitrogênio, calcio e fósforo de ração comercial, balanceada (Dog Meal)

1st. Part Before making comparative studies upon the applicability of both chromic oxide and conventional methods in determining the digestibility coefficients of the nutrients contained in commercial ration — Dog meal — in albino rats, a brief literature review was made concerning the indexes substances which are being largely used in this field. The chromic oxide added in the ration at 1.08% level on the dry matter basis presented an output of 92% and a variation coefficient of 3.85%. The “ Student” test t applied to both methods — chromic oxide and conventional — pointed out that the differences found to all the nutrients were significant. The variation coefficients observed for the conventional method were very low, i.e., the minimum one was 0.85% and the highest limit was 2.09% for all the nutrients. However, the variation concerning the ashes reached 13.68%. In the same way, the variation presented by the chromic oxide method was also low, i.e., the highest value reached 2.59% and the minimum was 0.69%, exception made to the ashes the variatibility of which was equal to 18.71%. In relation to the latter the adult rats absorbed about 33% less than the young ones. The young rats showed, higher hability to digest the protein, fat and carbohydrates than the adults, the differences being significant. Differences between sexes were not found significant as well as it was not observed interaction between age and methods. 2nd. Part Studies were carried out upon the nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus retention of the commercial ration referred in the first part of this work. The Dog meal ration, containing 4.57%; of nitrogen, showed satisfactory results for the nitrogen requirements both in the adults and the young rats. However, the adults rats ingesting 46 mg of calcium and 51 mg of phosphorus for 100 g body weight, daily, presented negative retention values. On the other hand, the young rats that ingested, on average, 79 mg of calcium and 87 mg of phosphorus for 100 g body weight, daily, showed both calcium and phosphorus elements, clear positive balance. Some considerations were given in order to account for the factors which would have determined these different results.

The Relation of Calcium-to-Phosphorus Ratio to the Utilization of These Minerals by 18 Young College Women

Eighteen normal healthy young women served as subjects in a calcium-phosphorus balance study designed to determine the effect of varying the ratio of calcium to phosphorus upon the balances of these two minerals. A basal diet, furnishing 344 mg of calcium and 766 mg of phosphorus, was supplemented by varying amounts of calcium or phosphorus, or both, to give ratios of calcium to phosphorus varying from 1:0.50 to 1:3.97. The calcium intake levels were 344, 944, and 1,544 mg; the phosphorus levels, 766, 1,066 and 1,366 mg. Sodium glycerophosphate, calcium carbonate, sodium phosphate and calcium phosphate were used as supplements to the basal diet. The mean calcium balances varied from —46 to +196 mg and the mean phosphorus balances from —64 to +86 mg. At each level of calcium intake, an increase in phosphorus intake was without significant effect on calcium retention. However, when phosphorus was kept constant, an increase in calcium intake resulted in a significant increase in calcium balance. With constant phosphorus intake phosphorus balances were not affected by an increase in calcium intake. An increase in phosphorus intake from the amount in the basal diet, 766 mg, to 1,366 mg resulted in a higher mean phosphorus balance only if the calcium level was as much as 944 mg. The indications were that the balances of both minerals were more closely related to intakes than to the ratios of calcium to phosphorus. Urinary calcium, calculated as a percentage of calcium intake in milligrams per kilogram, showed a consistent increase with increasing calcium-to-phosphorus ratio and constant calcium intake. The absolute amount of urinary calcium increased with increased intake but the percentage of intake found in the urine decreased with increased intake.

The Effect of Level of Intake on Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism in College Women ,

Calcium and phosphorus metabolism were studied on 17 college women from two states. Five subjects, two in Ohio and three in Minnesota, were maintained for a period of 8 weeks on a basal diet which supplied approximately 300 mg of calcium and 800 mg of phosphorus daily. A second group of 6 subjects, three in Ohio and three in Minnesota, were maintained on the basal diet for 4 weeks. This was followed immediately by a 4-week period during which the basal diet was supplemented by 1,200 mg calcium, making the total calcium intake 1,500 mg daily. A third group of 6 subjects, following the 4-week period on the basal diet, received supplements of calcium and phosphorus, making the total intake 1,500 mg of calcium and 1,400 mg of phosphorus. One week was shown statistically to be an adequate period for adjustment to the calcium and phosphorus levels in the basal diet. Negative calcium balances were observed on the basal diet, whereas more positive than negative phosphorus balances were noted. Increasing the calcium intake from 300 mg to 1,500 mg without altering the phosphorus intake resulted in a statistically significant increase in calcium retention. Urinary calcium excretion also increased significantly. Phosphorus retention, however, was unchanged, but there was a decrease in the urinary excretion of this element. When supplements of both calcium and phosphorus were added to the basal diet, calcium retention was somewhat greater than on the unsupplemented basal diet but was very much less than when the basal diet was supplemented with calcium alone. Phosphorus retention, on the other hand, was not influenced by these changes in calcium and phosphorus intake. Within the limits of the calcium and phosphorus intake levels employed in this investigation, the amount of phosphorus in the diet would appear to be a factor of considerable importance in determining calcium utilization in adult subjects.