Μg Of Copper Research Articles

Determination of Heavy Metal Remediation to Soil from Community Buildings’ Rooftop

Considering the importance of water in the world, the amount of usable water is not sufficient throughout the world, the existing available fresh water resources are not enough, therefore, water shortages may be encountered in the following years. Keeping the quality of water as it is demanded gains more importance than before. Particularly, heavy metals begin to interfere with groundwater resources, and the quantity of pollution growing due to industrialization, and urbanization. In the present study, the quantitative analysis of heavy metals in harvested rainwater from the rooftop of public buildings in Bornova, Izmir is investigated. The results show that a minimum of 5 μg of copper, 4 μg of zinc, 2.69 μg of lead, 0.095 μg of cadmium, 0.55 μg of chromium, 89,7 μg of iron, 0.96 μg of arsenic, 0.0119 μg of mercury and 3.88 μg of nickel should be tossed away for obtaining a liter of potable water. In conclusion, first flush diverters are recommended to convert these non-point pollutants to point source. Thus, municipalities can take necessary measures to protect the environment such as using phytoremediation and hyperaccumulator plants in sewages.

Antioxidant Status, and Blood Zinc and Copper Concentrations in Dogs with Uncomplicated Babesiosis due to Babesia Canis Infections.

IntroductionThe aim of the study was to demonstrate a link between uncomplicated Babesia canis infection in dogs and blood concentrations of zinc and copper and erythrocytic antioxidant defence – activities of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT).Material and MethodsThe study was based on 15 naturally occurring cases of canine babesiosis with anorexia, pyrexia, depression, pale mucous membrane, splenomegaly and dark red urine. Microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained peripheral blood smears and the results of PCR confirmed B. canis infection. Seven apparently healthy dogs brought in for either a check-up or vaccination were used for comparison.ResultsThe levels of the erythrocytic antioxidant enzymes - SOD and CAT - were significantly higher in the infected dogs than in cytologically negative dogs. The levels of blood micronutrients were significantly lower in the infected dogs (0.478 μg of zinc per mL vs 1.241 μg/mL and 0.722 μg of copper per mL vs 1.392 μg/mL).ConclusionOxidative stress can be posited as one of the mechanisms leading to anaemia in dogs with babesiosis, and therefore antioxidant biomarker and copper and zinc concentrations could be used as indicators of disease severity and prognostic markers.

A Potentiometric Sensor Based on a Copper(II) Ion Composite for Vitamin C Determination in Urine

We developed an all-solid-state sensor for monoascorbate ion based on a composite containing copper(II) ions (5 wt %), graphite and epoxy resin. The sensor presented super-Nernstian response at room temperature under continuous bubbling of oxygen gas in sample. The detection limit of the sensor was 0.02 mM and its linear range was between 0.05 and 1.5 mM with upper limit of quantification equal to 3 mM. The leaching out effect of the active component from composite was estimated less than 11 µg of copper(II) sulfate per day under continuous diffusion process in deionized water. Photomicrographs of the electrode surface did not show the presence of salt particles on the surface indicating that copper(II) ions could be intercalated in graphene layers. Attenuated total reflectance infrared spectrum demonstrated this possibility. The sensor was successfully applied to the in vitro determination of L-ascorbic acid in urine.

Composição nutricional de dieta enteral artesanal a partir de alimentos convencionais do Município de Coari, Estado do Amazonas, Brasil

El objetivo de este estudio fue el de determinar la composicion nutricional de una dieta artesanal de bajo costo, elaborada con alimentos convencionales del Municipio de Coari, Estado de Amazonas, Brasil, se utilizo arawana (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum), yuca (Manihot esculenta Crantz), pupuna (Bactris gasipaes) y caruru (Amaranthus deflexus L.), para obtener las harinas y el concentrado proteico, luego de la elaboracion de una formula, idealizada por analisis de ensayo y error, se calcularon las proporciones de cada alimento con relacion a la composicion de los constituyentes quimicos recomendados para la dieta enteral. Fue establecida la dilucion y se realizaron los analisis de estabilidad, fluidez, goteo gravitacional, composicion centesimal, composicion de minerales, analisis microbiologico y viabilidad financiera. La formula presento un valor proteico de 13,18 g, 1,99 g de lipidos, 3,64 g de cenizas, 73,03 g carbohidratos y 5,16 g de fibra por cada 100 g respectivamente. En relacion al tenor de minerales, se encontraron 52,48 mg de sodio, 24,32 mg de calcio, 64,04 mg de magnesio, 1,46 mg de manganeso, 5,95 mg de zinc, 2,22 µg de cobre y 0,46 mg de hierro por 100 g de la muestra, respectivamente. Con dilucion 1 g: 1,5 mL de agua, la dieta presento densidad calorica de 1,51 kcal/mL y fluidez adecuada para administracion gravitacional, con goteo medio de 68 gotas por minuto. La formula presento estandares microbiologicos adecuados a la legislacion vigente y costo aparente de R$ 0,56 por 100 g. La dieta artesanal presenta fluidez adecuada, facil preparo y bajo costo, caracterizandose como una dieta especializada, debido a la composicion nutricional, que puede ser clasificada como hipercalorica, normoproteica, hiperglucidica, hipolipidica, y con fibras

Determination of trace amounts of copper in water samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after preconcentration on octadecyl-bonded silica membranes modified by a Di-Schiff base ligand

A simple method for rapid extraction-preconcentration and determination of trace amounts of copper(II) ions in water samples by using octadecyl-bonded silica membranes modified by a Schiff base, named bis(5-chloro-2-hydroxyacetophenone)-1,2-propanediimine (L), followed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) is described. The effect of parameters influencing the extraction efficiency, i.e. pH of the sample solution, amount of the modifier, type and volume of stripping reagent, and sample and stripping reagent flow rates were evaluated and optimized. The detection limit and the concentration factor of the presented method are 10.2 ng/L and greater than 400, respectively. Under optimum experimental conditions the capacity of the membrane disks modified by 4 mg of the ligand was found to be 142.8 (±0.2) μg of copper. The method was applied to the enrichment and determination of copper content in different natural water samples.

Solid phase extraction of copper(II) ions using C18-silica disks modified by oxime ligands

5-Tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-benzaldehyde oxime ( L 1 ) and 3,5- di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-benzaldehyde oxime ( L 2 ) are synthesized and characterized by conventional spectroscopic methods. These ligands are used as modifier of octadecyl silica membrane disks for separation and pre-concentration of trace amounts of copper(II) ions, followed by sulfuric or nitric acid elution and flame atomic absorption spectrometric (FAAS) determination. The effect of parameters influencing the extraction efficiency i.e. pH of sample solutions, amount of the oxime, type and volume of eluent, sample solution and eluent flow rates were evaluated. Under optimum experimental conditions, the maximum capacity of the membrane disks modified by 6 mg of L 1 or 4 mg of L 2 was found to be 284.7 (±2.8) μg of copper and 382.5 (±3.1) μg of copper, respectively. The detection limits of the presented methods are 0.29 ng ml −1 for L 1 and 0.25 ng ml −1 for L 2 . The enrichment factors are greater than 400 for both cases. These methods were successfully applied to the extraction, recovery and detection of copper in different water samples.

Effect of Chronic Fenvalerate Intoxication on Tissue Concentration of Copper in Goats and Further Exploration of Its Mechanism

This experiment was designed to assess the effect of chronic fenvalerate toxicity on tissue Cu concentration in goats and to explore the pathways responsible for it. A significant decrease in tissue Cu concentration of kidney, heart, and brain while an increase in the liver were recorded in fenvalerate intoxicated goats at 15 mg/kg b.w. orally daily for 270 days. Concentration of total Cu, protein-free Cu, and protein-bound Cu in the wet intestine of fenvalerate-treated goats revealed a significant decrease in Cu concentration of the intestine due to the decrease in trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-insoluble Cu, while TCA-soluble Cu remained almost unaffected. Rabbit duodenal loop technique was used to assess the relative absorption of nonisotopic copper in a living animal. This technique enabled to compare Cu absorption from the lumen of three closely associated loops, each receiving 100 µg of copper along with different doses (0, 15, and 30 µg) of fenvalerate. A significant dose-dependent decrease in Cu absorption from the lumen due to fenvalerate treatment was recorded. A decrease in total copper (TCA-insoluble fraction) suggested an interference in active transport of copper due to the inhibition of absorption of protein-bound copper. It was concluded that fenvalerate interfered in copper absorption mostly by inhibiting its active or mediated transport.

Effect of EGb761 supplementation on the content of copper in mouse brain in an animal model of Parkinson's disease

Objective EGb761 is a well-defined mixture of active compounds extracted from Ginkgo biloba leaves with neuroprotective effects in an animal model of Parkinson's disease induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP +). Because copper has been implicated in Parkinson's disease, we investigated whether the protective effect of EGb761 in MPP + neurotoxicity is related to the regulation of copper in the brain. Methods C-57BL/6 mice were pretreated with EGb761 (10 mg/kg) daily for 17 d followed by administration of MPP + (0.72 mg/kg); the mice were sacrificed 24 h later. The copper content of the striatum, midbrain, hippocampus, frontal cortex, and cerebellum was analyzed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Copper content is expressed as μg of copper per gram of wet tissue. Results Copper content was reduced in the corpus striatum (45%; P < 0.05), and increased in the midbrain (65%; P < 0.05) and hippocampus (116%; P < 0.001) after MPP + administration. EGb761 pretreatment of the MPP + group prevented changes in the copper content of the striatum, midbrain, and hippocampus. No significant changes were found in the copper content of the cerebellum and frontal cortex in all treatment groups. Conclusion We showed that the protective effect of EGb761 against MPP + neurotoxicity may be due in part to the regulation of copper homeostasis in the brain.

Enrichment of trace amounts of copper(II) ions in water samples using octadecyl silica disks modified by a Schiff base ionophore prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination

Bis(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde)-1,2-propanediimine is synthesized by the reaction of 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 1,2-diaminopropane in ethanol. This ligand is used as a modifier of octadecyl silica disks for preconcentration of trace amounts of copper(II) ions, followed by nitric acid elution and flame atomic absorption spectrometric (FAAS) determination. The effect of parameters influencing the extraction efficiency, i.e. pH of the sample solutions, amount of the Schiff base, type and volume of stripping reagent, sample and eluent flow rates were evaluated. Under optimum experimental conditions, the capacity of the membrane disks modified by 4 mg of the ligand was found to be 247.7 (±2.1) μg of copper. The detection limit and the concentration factor of the presented method are 2.4 ng/l and greater than 400, respectively. The method was applied to the extraction, recovery and detection of copper in different synthetic and water samples.

Flame atomic absorption spectrometry determination of trace amounts of copper after separation and preconcentration onto TDMBAC-treated analcime pyrocatechol-immobilized

A simple and reliable method has been developed for green separation and preconcentration of trace amounts of copper ions in aqueous solutions for subsequent measurement by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The Cu 2+ ions are adsorbed selectively and quantitatively during the passage of an aqueous solution through TDMBAC-treated analcime pyrocatechol-immobilized. The retained copper ions were desorbed from the column with 5.0 mL of 4 mol L −1 nitric acid solutions as eluent and were determined by FAAS. The linear range was 0.2–75 ng mL −1 in the original solution with a correlation coefficient of 0.9987. In this case we can concentrate 0.1 μg of copper from 1000 mL of solution and the proposed method permits a large enrichment factor (about 200). The detection limit of the proposed method is 0.05 ng mL −1 in the original solution (2 σ bl). Determination of copper in standard alloys showed that the proposed method has good accuracy (recovery was more than 97%). The method was successfully applied for recovery and determination of copper in several water samples.

The evaluation of copper contamination of food cooked in copper pans using a piezoelectric quartz crystal resonator

Copper is an essential element but toxic to humans at high levels. Careful control of copper uptake is important for patients suffering from copper metabolic disorders. A copper sensor based on a coated piezoelectric quartz crystal was used to follow copper contamination of food cooked in copper pans. Results showed that neutral liquids, like water, do not experience any noticeable contamination, but that acidic elements, like tomato, showed to extract as much as 17.5 μg of copper per gram, from the pan where they were cooked for 1 h. Results obtained with the new piezoelectric copper sensor are not statistically significant different ( α = 0.05), both in terms of accuracy and precision, from the ones obtained by atomic absorption spectrometry.

Atomic absorption spectrophotometric determination of trace copper in waters, aluminium foil and tea samples after preconcentration with 1-nitroso-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid on Ambersorb 572

An atomic absorption spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace copper after adsorption of its 1-nitroso-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid chelate on Ambersorb 572 has been developed. This chelate is adsorbed on the adsorbent in the pH range 1–8. The copper chelate is eluted with 5 ml of 0.1 mol l −1 potassium cyanide and determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The selectivity of the proposed procedure was also evaluated. Results show that iron(III), zinc(II), manganese(II) and cobalt(II) at the 50 μg l −1 level and sodium(I), potassium(I), magnesium(II), calcium(II) and aluminium(III) at the 1000 μg l −1 level did not interfere. A high enrichment factor, 200, was obtained. The detection limit (3 σ) of copper was 0.34 μg l −1. The precision of the method, evaluated by seven replicate analyses of solutions containing 5 μg of copper was satisfactory and the relative standard deviation was 1.7%. The adsorption of copper onto Ambersorb 572 can formally be described by a Langmuir equation with a maximum adsorption capacity of 14.3 mg g −1 and a binding constant of 0.00444 l mg −1. The accuracy of the method is confirmed by analysing tomatoes leaves (NIST 1573a) and lead base alloy (NBS 53e). The results demonstrated good agreement with the certified values. This procedure was applied to the determination of copper in waters (tap, river and thermal waters), aluminium foil and tea samples.

Contamination par le nickel et d'autres métaux lors de la manipulation des pièces de monnaie – comparaison entre francs français et euros

The introduction of the euro has revived the interest for potential nickel allergies. We show that the handling of a single used nickel coin releases an average of 0.45 μg of nickel, 0.26 μg of copper and 0.08 μg of zinc, whereas a euro coin composed of nickel alloys releases 0.25 μg of nickel, 1.3 μg of copper and 0.17 μg of zinc. These levels of contamination, favored by friction during handling, differ from those obtained on the basis of the EN 1811 test applicable to solubilisation in artificial sweat. The evaluation of allergy risks following the introduction of the euro may require the consideration of potential synergies between the metals mentioned above. To cite this article: P.-G. Fournier et al., C. R. Physique 3 (2002) 749–758.

Second-Derivative Spectrophotometric Determination of Trace Copper after Preconcentration with the Ion Pair of 2-Nitroso-1-Naphthol-4-Sulfonic Acid and Tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium Chloride on Microcrystalline Naphthalene or a Column

Copper is quantitatively retained by 2-nitroso-1-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid and tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride on microcrystalline naphthalene in the pH range 7.1–10.7 from large volumes of aqueous solutions of various samples. After filtration, the solid mass consisting of a copper complex and naphthalene is dissolved with 5 mL of dimethylformamide, and the metal is determined by second-derivative spectrophotometry. The copper complex can alternatively be quantitatively adsorbed on tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium–naphthalene adsorbent packed in a column and determined similarly. About 1.5 μg of copper can be concentrated in a column from 300 mL of aqueous sample, where its concentration is as low as 5 ng/mL. The effects of pH, the volume of the aqueous phase, and interferences from a number of metal ions on the determination of copper have been studied in detail to optimize the conditions for its determination in standard alloys and biological samples.

Influence of the addition of fruit on the mineral content of yoghurts: nutritional assessment

The contents of copper, iron, zinc, manganese, calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium were investigated in fruit-added yoghurts of seven different flavours, belonging to three commercial brands widely distributed on the international market. The analytical determinations were made by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. The analyses of variance between flavours established statistically significant differences (P<0.05) for all the minerals analyzed. Differences in the mineral content were observed with the presence of different fruit, and there were notably high concentrations of iron and manganese in the wild berry fruit and pineapple flavours. Conversely, the peach-flavoured yoghurt had the lowest concentrations of iron, manganese, magnesium, sodium and potassium. In general, it was seen that the presence of fruit pieces in yoghurt caused an increase in the contents of copper, iron and manganese. Finally, their contribution to the daily intake was calculated from the mean concentrations of each of the elements investigated so that one yoghurt (125 g) gave a mean 28.1 μg of copper, 178 μg of iron, 390 μg of zinc, 8.5 μg of manganese, 123 mg of calcium, 11.7 mg of magnesium, 45.7 of sodium and 147 mg of potassium.

Determination of trace copper in biological and environmental samples by third derivative spectrophotometry after pre-concentration with the ion pair of nitroso-R and tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride on microcrystalline naphthalene

Copper was pre-concentrated from a large volume of its aqueous solutions using disodium 1-nitroso-2-naphthol-3,6-disulphonate (nitroso-R salt) and tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (TDBA +Cl −) on microcrystalline naphthalene in the pH range 5.5–7.8. After filtration, the solid mass consisting of the copper complex and naphthalene was dissolved in 5 ml of dimethylformamide and the metal was determined by third derivative spectrophotometry. Copper may also be pre-concentrated by passing the aqueous solution under similar conditions through tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium naphthalene adsorbent packed in a column at a flow rate of 0.5–5 ml min −1 and determined similarly. The detection limit is 35 ng ml −1 (signal-to-noise ratio = 2) and the calibration graph is linear for 0.05–13 μg ml −1 Cu in dimethylformamide solution with a correlation coefficient of 0.9994 ( n = 6) by measuring the d 3A/dλ 3 between λ 1 (550 nm) and λ 2 (517 nm). Eight replicate determinations of 2.5 μg of copper in 5 ml dimethylformamide solution gave a relative standard deviation of ±1.2%. Various parameters such as the effect of pH, volume of aqueous phase and interference of a number of metal ions on the determination of copper have been studied in detail to optimize the conditions for the determination of copper in various environmental and biological samples.

6-Phenyl -2,3-Dihydro-asym-trirzine-3-thione as a Selectiue Reagent for the Spectrophotometric Determination of Copper

Abstract A sensitive and highly selective spectrophotometric method is described for the determination of 12-120 μg of copper using 6-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-asym-triazine-3-thione (PDTT) as a complexing agent. The red 1:4 water soluble complex was measured at 540nm, e=1.26×104 1. mol−1cm−1. The method was applled for the determination of copper in standard steels (B.C.S.) and estimation of the solubility product of copper (I) iodide. Comperison was also made with the 2-2 biquinoline method.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Copper(II) Following Collection on an Organic Solvent-Soluble Membrane Filter as the N,N-Diethyldithiocarbamate Complex

A highly sensitive, rapid and facile method is described for the determination of copper(Il). A small amount of copper(II) is quantitatively collected on a membrane filter made of cellulose nitrate as a colored complex with N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate without carrier substances. The complex, together with the membrane filter, is dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and the absorbance of the solution is measured for the determination. The calibration curve was linear from 0.1 to 8.8 μg of copper(II) in 3.0-cm3 DMF. The apparent molar absorptivity of copper(II) was 1.20×104 dm3 mol−1 cm−1. The relative standard deviations at 1.2 and 6.0 ug of copper(II) were 4.3% (n=13) and 1.1% (n=12), respectively. The method was applied to the determination of copper in environmental certified reference material (NIES No. 1, Pepperbush) and water samples.

Spectrophotometric determination of copper after adsorption of its 1-phenyl-4,4,6-trimethyl(1H, 4H)-pyrimidine-2-thiol complex onto microcrystalline naphthalene

A selective Spectrophotometric method has been developed for the trace determination of copper after adsorption of its 1-phenyl-4,4,6-trimethyl(1H, 4H)-pyrimidine-2-thiol (PTPT) complex onto microcrystalline naphthalene. The complex is quantitatively adsorbed on naphthalene in the pH range 7.5–11.5, separated by filtration, dissolved in dimethylformamide (DMF) and determined spectrophotometrically at 400 nm. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range 2.5–37.5 μg of copper in 10 ml of DMF. The molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity are 1.30 × 1041 · mol−1 · cm−1 and 0.0048βg cm−2, respectively. Ten replicate analyses of a solution containing 20.0 μg of copper gave a mean absorbance of 0.410 with a relative standard deviation of 0.91 %. The interferences of various ions have been studied and the method has been validated by the determination of copper in various standard reference materials, beers, wines, human hair, goat liver and environmental samples.

Catalytic determination of copper(II) using the iron(III)--thiosulphate reaction and its application to metals and biological samples.

A spectrophotometric method has been developed for the catalytic determination of copper(II) by using an iron(III)-thiosulphate reaction, with a much higher concentration of iron than thiosulphate, in the absence of thiocyanate. A well defined absorption spectrum was obtained and the colour fading reaction of the unstable iron(III)-thiosulphate complex is discussed. Only slight influences of iron(III) and other foreign ions on the determination were found. The linear range of the calibration graph is 0–2.0 µg of copper and the standard deviation is 0.036 µg for five determinations of 1.0 µg of copper. The detection limit is about 0.05 µg of copper. The method has been applied successfully to the analysis of some metals and biological samples without any separation.