Mg Of ATP Research Articles

Characteristics of dormant pulmonary vein conduction induced by adenosine triphosphate in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing cryoballoon ablation

BackgroundAdenosine triphosphate (ATP) can provoke acute reconnections after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). This study aimed to investigate dormant conduction (DC) after ablation with second-generation cryoballoon (CB). MethodsTwo hundred sixteen patients (148 male; age 64±9 years) with atrial fibrillation (AF) were included. After a successful PVI with the CB, 20mg of ATP was administered. All patients were followed up for 425±56 days. ResultsSeven hundred ninety-five out of 864 (92%) PVs were successfully isolated solely by the CB. DCs were revealed in 8 (3.7%) after ATP injections. AF recurrences occurred in 2 out of 8 patients, while no AF recurrences could be documented in 6 out of 8 patients with DCs after a blanking period of 3 months (25% vs. 75%). In contrast, 29 (13.9%) patients without DCs had AF recurrences, and there was no significant difference between those with and without DCs regarding the recurrence rate of AF (p=0.38). There were no reliable predictors of DCs after the PVI with the CB. ConclusionThe present study demonstrated a low rate of transient PV reconnection after adenosine infusion following successful PVI with the CB. There was no reliable predictor of DCs.Further studies will be needed in order to appreciate the prognostic value of adenosine testing after successful PVI with the CB.

A new technique of in vivo synchrotron radiation coronary microangiography in the rat

Previously, in our laboratory, synchrotron radiation coronary microangiography (SRCA) using Langendorff-perfused rat hearts could visualize a coronary artery of 50 µm in diameter. However, invivo rat SRCA poses the problem of compromised temporal resolution due to the rapid heart rate of rats. To establish a simple method of invivo rat SRCA with bradycardia induced by intravenous injection of adenosine triphosphate disodium hydrate (ATP). SRCA was performed at the Photon Factory of the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (Tsukuba, Japan). Eight male Wistar rats were anesthetized. A catheter for injecting the contrast material was inserted into the carotid artery. Temporary bradycardia was induced by an intravenous bolus injection of 5 mg of ATP, and SRCA was performed immediately thereafter. After ATP administration, the average heart rate decreased from 388 to 73 beats per minute. As a result, we could detect a coronary artery as small as 45 µm in diameter. Our SRCA system which has a high resolution of 9 µm per pixel could detect a coronary artery as small as 45 µm in diameter in the invivo rat.

Oral bioavailability of ATP after prolonged administration

Purinergic receptors are important for the regulation of inflammation, muscle contraction, neurotransmission and nociception. Extracellular ATP and its metabolites are the main ligands for these receptors. Occasional reports on beneficial results of ATP administration in human and animal studies have suggested the bioavailability of oral ATP supplements. We investigated whether prolonged daily intake of oral ATP is indeed bioavailable. Thirty-two healthy subjects were randomised to receive 0, 250, 1250 or 5000 mg ATP per d for 28 d by means of enteric-coated pellets. In addition, on days 0 and 28, all thirty-two subjects received 5000 mg ATP to determine whether prolonged administration would induce adaptations in the bioavailability of ATP. ATP supplementation for 4 weeks did not lead to changes in blood or plasma ATP concentrations. Of all ATP metabolites, only plasma uric acid levels increased significantly after the administration of 5000 mg of ATP. Prolonged administration of ATP was safe as evidenced from liver and kidney parameters. We conclude that oral administration of ATP only resulted in increased uric acid concentrations. On the basis of these findings, we seriously question the claimed efficacy of oral ATP at dosages even lower than that used in the present study.

Administration of Adenosine in Sinus Rhythm for Diagnosis of Supraventricular Tachycardia

To the Editor: We read with interest the article by Belhassen et al1 describing the usefulness of the administration of ATP during sinus rhythm for the noninvasive diagnosis of dual AV node physiology in patients with AV nodal reentrant tachycardia. We would like to present our experience with the administration of intravenous adenosine during sinus rhythm in patients with supraventricular tachycardia, including AV nodal reentry and AV reentry using a concealed left lateral accessory pathway. Our protocol consisted of the administration of 12 mg of adenosine during sinus rhythm, with simultaneous recording of 2 surface ECG leads and intracardiac electrograms. Standard criteria were used for the electrophysiological diagnosis of the tachycardia mechanism. All tachycardias were successfully ablated afterward. Our results in patients …

Use of ATP-MgCl2 in the evaluation and treatment of children with pulmonary hypertension secondary to congenital heart defects.

Pulmonary hypertension results in increased morbidity and mortality in children after surgical repair of congenital heart defects. Various vasodilators have been unsuccessful in providing preferential pulmonary vasodilation in these patients. Identification of a more preferential pulmonary vasodilator would improve the assessment, management, and outcome of these children. To determine whether ATP-MgCl2 is a preferential pulmonary vasodilator in children with pulmonary hypertension secondary to congenital heart defects, ATP-MgCl2 was administered during routine cardiac catheterization, and the effects were compared with tolazoline. In addition, ATP-MgCl2 was infused intravenously during episodes of postoperative pulmonary hypertension. During cardiac catheterization in 28 children, the effect of ATP-MgCl2 on the pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance index (Rp) was compared with tolazoline. ATP-MgCl2 (0.1 mg of ATP per kilogram per minute) decreased mean PAP by 24% (P < .05) and Rp by 47% (P < .05) without changing mean systemic arterial pressure or systemic vascular resistance. These effects were comparable to those of tolazoline (1 mg/kg). ATP-MgCl2 produced no significant side effects; tolazoline caused tachycardia, nausea, and vomiting. After cardiac surgery in 7 patients, ATP-MgCl2 decreased PAP by 14% (P < .05) and systemic arterial pressure by 6% (P < .05) and eliminated pulmonary hypertensive crises in 3 of 3 patients. ATP-MgCl2 is a safe, effective, and preferential pulmonary vasodilator in children with pulmonary hypertension secondary to congenital heart defects. It is useful for evaluating pulmonary vasoreactivity during cardiac catheterization and for treating pulmonary hypertension after cardiac surgery.

Trial of differentiation between invasive and noninvasive thymoma using cell culture method

Thymomas, especially epithelial component were cultured, and differentiation between invasive and noninvasive thymoma was attempted.Materials were obtained at operations and were immediately minced. A portion was digested with 500-1000 u/mlof dispase, 0.25% trypsin or 0.05% collagenase and the remainder was placed in plastic tissue culture dishes, some of which were coated with type I collagen. Culture media were Dulbecco's modified MEM, Ham's F12 or Medium 199. These were supplemented with 10-20% fetal bovine serum, and some as the following additives were tested : 0.5 mg of ATP, 5ug/ml of dibutyryl cyclic AMP, 5 half-maximal units of IL-2, 0.05 u/ml of Insulin, 5 ng/ml of EGF, 10 ng/ml of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, 10-9 M of chorela toxin, 2.5 mg/ml of methylprednisolone, autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes.Tissues were obtained from 9 patients with invasive and 7 with noninvasive thymoma. None of them was established and no additives promoted cell proliferation under the conditions described in this paper. Primary cultures from the invasive thymomas grew well and many epithelial cells were easily obtained. Tumor cells were dissociated easily by proteases or by physical forces. On the contrary, few or no tumor cells were obtained in the noninvasive cases. The growth of mesenchymal cells was always more dense in the noninvasive than in the invasive cases. Microscopic findings in the invasive cases were : dense cytoplasm and thick margin of nucleus, large nucleus, 1 or 2 clearly visible large nucleoli, sharply defined cell borders.Although we cannot necessarily distinguish between invasive and noninvasive thymoma from these results alone, this method may become a useful tool in the diagnosis of thymoma.

Effects of magnesium ion and chelating agents on enzymatic production of ATP from adenine

As reported previously, enzymatic production of ATP from adenine by resting cells of Brevibacterium ammoniagenes (Fujio and Furuya 1983) accumulated 13.0 mg of ATP · Na2 · 3H2O/ml, but ATP formation ceased within 6–8 h. Simultaneous addition of magnesium ion and phytic acid, a chelator of divalent cations, allowed ATP formation to continue longer, and 24.2 mg of ATP · Na2 · 3H2O/ml was accumulated in 10 h. However, ATP formation ceased thereafter. This second cessation was found to be caused by the lack of magnesium ion active as a co-factor (Mgact). The Mgact was tentatively taken as the difference between soluble magnesium ion (Mgsol) and the ion chelated by an equimolar amount of ATP (MgATP), namely Mgact=Mgsol-MgATP. In order to provide Mgact, sufficient phytic acid had to be added at the beginning of the reaction and magnesium ion was also added intermittently. Under these conditions ATP formation continued further, and the rate of ATP formation was increased; 37.0 mg of ATP · Na2 · 3H2O/ml was accumulated in 13 h. Since whole culture broth is preferable to frozen cells as a practical enzyme source, the conditions neccessary for use of whole culture broth of B. ammoniagenes were also investigated.

Transport of microbial biomass through the North Inlet ecosystem

Tidal fluctuations and transports of total microbial biomass (measured as adenosine triphosphate [ATP]) were investigated at three marsh creeks comprising the major transfer points between the North Inlet marsh and the adjoining aquatic ecosystems. Two creeks, Town Creek and North Jones Creek, form the inlet mouth and are the only marsh-ocean exchange points. The third creek, South Jones Creek, connects to a brackish water embayment. The creeks were simultaneously sampled every 1.5 hours for 50 consecutive hours during neap tides (four tidal cycles) and 50 consecutive hours during spring tides of each season. At the inlet, ATP concentration fluctuated in phase with the tide during winter and fall and out of phase with the tide during the spring. Fluctuation patterns at South Jones Creek were irregular. The highest ATP concentrations were during the spring (mean=2.17 mg of ATP per m(3)) and the lowest concentrations were during the winter (mean=0.65 mg of ATP per m(3)). Net transports of ATP varied from tidal cycle to tidal cycle with regard to direction of transport (import or export) and magnitude. Net transports were small compared to large instantaneous transports and only 4 of 22 determinations of net transport were different from zero transport.

12] Preparation of α-NADP+

This chapter discusses the experimental study, focusing on the preparation of α- nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+). The α-anomer of NADP+ can be readily prepared, by the direct phosphorylation of α-NAD+, and catalyzed, by Azotobacter NAD kinase. NAD kinase is prepared from Azotobacter vinelandii. The enzyme prepared has a specific activity of 9 μmol of NADP+ formed per hour per milligram protein. Into a 10-ml beaker, 77.6 mg of ATP, 1.25 ml of 20 mM α-NAD+, 1.25 ml of 0.1 M MnCl2, and 2.5 ml of water are placed. The beaker is transferred to a larger water-jacketed beaker maintained at 37° and equipped with magnetic stirring. The pH is adjusted from about 2.6 to pH 7.6, with 1 M NH4OH (approximately 0.3 ml), and the reaction is started by adding 1.5 ml of Azotobacter NAD kinase. The pH is monitored and kept near 7.6, with 10-μl aliquots of 1 M NH4OH. The results of a typical chromatographic analysis of the ultrafiltered reaction mixture are discussed in this chapter. In the procedure, the total recovery from 25 μmol of α-NAD was 15.8 μmol of α-NADP+.

Adenosine 5′-Triphosphate Flux Through the North Inlet Marsh System

The distribution, fluctuation, and short-term transport of total microbial biomass (measured as adenosine 5'-triphosphate [ATP]) was investigated in a large salt marsh creek. Hourly samples were collected synoptically for 25 h from 10 boats positioned across the 320-m width of the creek. Samples were collected from three depths ranging from 0.2 to 8.0 m. Hourly data obtained from each station were graphed, plotting depth against ATP. Subsequently, interpolated ATP values were generated for every one-tenth depth from the surface to the bottom with the use of an 11-point proportional divider. A total of 2,750 values were generated, and a mean value of 0.865 mg of ATP per m was determined. Maximum levels of ATP were found at high tide and minimal values were found at low tide. The distribution of ATP concentrations was found to be complex, with no suggestion of vertical stratification; however, horizontal divisions were apparent. ATP values corrected for direction of flow or velocity indicated two ebb-directed channels; however, when considered in total, there was a net import of ATP through the interface. The total import of ATP for this 25-h sampling period was calculated to be 3.58 kg, corresponding to a net transport of 39.8 mg of ATP per s through the cross section. Results suggest that detailed characterization of a creek transect in terms of ATP or any similar parameter requires the simultaneous measurements of both the concentration of the parameter in question and the velocity at the time and point from which the sample was taken.

めまい症例に対するＡＴＰの臨床治験

It is generally accepted that ATP markedly improves cerebral blood flow and inner ear metabolism, and depresses vestibular responses. The antivertiginous effects of ATP were evaluated in a single controlled study in 82 patients with vertigo and/or dizziness.The clinical subjective signs and symptoms in these cases were evaluated every two weeks both by the doctors and the patients themselves. The objective symptoms in the equilibrium and auditory examinations were also evaluated at the first examination before prescribing treatment, the second after two weeks, and the last after four weeks, by the same doctors. Dosage was 300mg of ATP daily for four weeks.The global comparative judgement of the subjective and objective clinical findings showed antivertiginous drug effects in 46 out of 81 patients (56.8%) after four weeks ingestion. When the effects of ATP after two weeks ingestion were compared with those after four weeks, there was a significant improvement in the latter.Side-effects were minimal, and only three patients reported occipital headache, thirst and fatigue.

振動病の治療に関する研究

For the last 10 years satisfactory treatments of vibration disease have not been devised. The authors have treated 60 patients with vibration diseases and their symptons have been improved. The purpose of this paper is to present our methods of treatment and the results.The subjects were 50 chain saw operators working in the forest and 10 jack hammer operators on the rock. The average age was 47.4 years (range 33-67) in the former and 51.6 (range 37-60) in the later. Their average periods of work were 9.8 years in chain saw operators and 5.8 years in jack hammer operators.The treatments consisted of physical, pharmaceutical and psychological therapies. The physical therapy aimed at the enhancement of blood circulation and nervous reflex. Its feature was gymnastic exercise employing a wooden pole or a ball. It also included swimming in a hot water pool, body massage and paraffin bath. In the drug therapy, we used a vasodilator drug (kallikrein or ergot alkaloid) and an agent accelerating nerve metabolism (adenosine triphosphate). 200 mg of ATP were given intravenously by drip for a week. This therapy with ATP was employed every other week. There were no side effects in these therapies.One course of these therapies lasted for 6 weeks. Before and after the course laboratory examinations including EEG were performed.A specific therapy differing from the above was also given, that is, administration of soporifics, blocking of the stellate ganglion by procaine or cervical tractions.The regimen during hospitalization was to keep body warm and not to smoke.By the above-mentioned therapies, 30 of 60 patients hospitalized was discharged within the second course, having improved their subjective symptoms and the abnormality of EEG.In conclusion, collective therapies including physical, drug and psychological ones, would lead to produce effective and satisfactory results for the reason that this disease is a systemic one.Patients in the first course should be treated as a group for encouragement to receive the treatment.

老人性貧血の治療

1) Sitteen patients of anemia of old age, who had been orally given iron in therapy for iron-deficiency anemia but made little progress towards recovery, were subjected to an additional administration of a combination of 60-120mg of ATP and 1, 000mg of vitamin C. As a result, fourteen patients showed a rise of serum iron level accompanied by increases in hemoglobin value and red cell count.2) Normal rabbits were intramuscularly injected with 100mg of ATP in combination with 50mg of vitamin C. Then, by using Fe59, relative radioactivities of such organs as liver, spleen, bone marrow and kidney were measured, and an outstanding radioactivity was observed in liver. In addition, the measurement of organic iron in individual organs indicated an increase in organic iron in liver and spleen, and rom the histological viewpoint the precipitation of hemosiderin was noticed in liver and spleen. At the same time, a decrease in serum iron was also noticed. The above findings have led the writers to the assumption that the administration of ATP and vitamin C promoted the iron metabolism.

Aspects of Lipid Metabolism in Ethanol-induced Fatty Liver

The effects of ingestion by the rat of a single large dose of ethanol on liver lipid composition, on lipogenesis in vitro, on serum lipoproteins, and on liver content of ATP and biotin were studied. The effect of ATP and adenine administration in those rats given ethanol was also investigated. Furthermore, the effect of ethanol in biotin-deficient rats was studied. In the liver of ethanol-treated rats neutral fat increased, while the incorporation in vitro of acetate-1-14C into total lipids and the liver content of ATP decreased, when compared with the control rats receiving glucose in isocaloric amounts. No significant difference was observed in serum α- and β-lipoprotein levels and in liver biotin. The administration of 150 mg of ATP in ethanol-treated rats did not prevent fatty liver, whereas the lipogenesis and cellular levels of ATP were normalized. The administration of adenine to ethanol-treated rats caused a significant decrease of lipid content as compared with rats receiving only ethanol. Lastly, it was found that the administration of ethanol also in biotin-deficient rats caused the development of liver steatosis. The relationships between ATP and ethanol fatty liver are discussed in relation to possible mechanisms involved in the development of steatosis.