Mexican State Of Tamaulipas Research Articles

Diversity, distribution, and conservation of the Cactaceae (Caryophyllales) from Tamaulipas, Mexico

Geographical distribution, diversity, endemism, and conservation of Cactaceae in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas were analyzed based on distributional data obtained from specialized literature, fieldwork, and herbarium specimens. Tamaulipas territory was divided into grid-cells of 10 × 10 minutes latitude/longitude and was used as units of analysis. Cactaceae comprises 174 taxa and 33 genera in Tamaulipas, representing a high proportion of the Mexican cacti with 65% at the generic level and 23% at the specific level. The richest genera are Opuntia (40), Mammillaria (35), Echinocereus (16), and Turbinicarpus (14). Thirty one Cactaceae taxa are new records for the state. The highest diversity of species occurs in the southwestern region associated with the Sierra Madre Oriental slopes and the Jaumave Valley. Cacti are well represented in the state Natural Protected Areas of Tamaulipas compared to the federal conservation areas. We conclude that Tamaulipas constitutes a nodal area because it is located at the boundaries among four different biogeographic regions representing zones of biotic overlap promoted by historical and ecological changes allowing the mixture of different biotic elements and in situ speciation. For this, it is considered one of the richest Mexican states in terms of Cactaceae diversity.

Two new species of the genus Eusterinx Förster (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Orthocentrinae) from Mexico

Two species of the genus Eusterinx Förster from the Mexican State of Tamaulipas are described: E. (Divinatrix) longipes sp. nov. and E. (Ischyracis) tenuiventris sp. nov.

First Record of the Asian Tiger Mosquito Aedes albopictus in Hidalgo State, Mexico.

The occurrence of the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus , has been reported in the Mexican states of Tamaulipas, Nuevo León, Coahuila (northeastern), Veracruz, Chiapas, Quintana Roo (southeastern), Morelos, San Luis Potosí (middle), and Sinaloa (northwestern). In April and September 2012, Ae. albopictus was collected in a variety of habitats and landing/biting on the collecting personnel in 12 counties of Hidalgo state (middle). This is the first record of the occurrence of this species in Hidalgo state.

Two new species of Chiropterotriton (Caudata: Plethodontidae) from northern Mexico.

Species of the genus Chiropterotriton are distributed through much of northern and eastern Mexico. The genus has presented taxonomic difficulties, with a number of species waiting to be described. We describe two new species, Chiropterotriton cieloensis sp. nov. and Chiropterotriton infernalis sp. nov., from the Mexican state of Tamaulipas based on both molecular and morphological data. We present a phylogenetic hypothesis for the group, with emphasis on the taxa from northern Mexico, based on mitochondrial DNA, and discuss the other species of northern Mexico, especially the wider-ranging C. multidentatus, to which the new species were formerly assigned.

Potential distribution of the ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) in Northeastern Mexico

Introduction: The ocelot ( Leopardus pardalis ) is a Neotropical cat which is threatened by illegal hunt and habitat destruction in the Mexican territory. Mexican and American authorities are interested in promoting their conservation. The MaxEnt algorithm allows modeling the potential distribution of elusive species, for instance, the ocelot. This has been based on trustable presence records and some other information about the habitat condition. This work was developed with the aim of generating important information about the species in Northeastern Mexico, especially, with the purpose of determining its potential distribution. Methods : Our study was conducted in six physiographic subprovinces (PSP) in the Mexican states of Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi. Sixty-trhee recent records about the ocelot were obtained, 41 through literature and 22 from field surveys , between May 2006 to May 2009. In order to develop a prediction model which let us know the animal potential distribution, twenty-seven bioclimatic, topographic, vegetation and anthropic variables were used through the MaxEnt software. Results: The model AUC was of 0.8221±0.009. The most related variables about the ocelot presence were: precipitation of wettest month and quarter, human population density, terrain elevation, vegetation type, vegetation cover and distance to roads. The potential distribution area covers 20.8% of the study area. The PSP showing the highest potential distribution were: Llanuras y Lomerios (7.4%), Carso Huasteco (4.8%), Gran Sierra Plegada (4.5%), and Sierras y Llanuras Occidentales (3.4%). The Llanura Costera Tamaulipeca PSP showed lower potential distribution; meanwhile, Llanuras de Coahuila y Nuevo Leon and Sierras y Llanuras del Norte de Guanajuato were not suitable distribution for ocelot. Discussions and conclusions: In order to obtain the ocelot potential distribution model we use recent information collected through field work and surveys. Through this, we could achieve a robust model, where were relevant both bioclimatic and landscape variables. There are patches of habitat important in size and quality for ocelot. The PSP with the roughest landscape were the ones where the highest presence of the species. This study complements the ocelot distributional range in Northeastern Mexico and providing important information about the habitat quality in that portion of the country, as well as the difficulty to possible connectivity between Mexico and USA.

Mosquito Records from Mexico: The Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of Tamaulipas State.

To document the diversity and distribution of mosquito species inhabiting the Mexican state of Tamaulipas, collection trips were conducted to all physiographic regions (Grand Northamerican Plains, Coastal Plain of North Gulf, and Sierra Madre Oriental) and subregions across the state. Additionally, we re-examined mosquito specimens in two Mexican entomological collections: the Collection of Insects and Mites of Medical Importance and the Collection of Arthropods of Medical Importance. In total, 3,931 specimens were collected. These represent the two Culicidae subfamilies Anophelinae and Culicinae, 10 tribes, 17 genera, 27 subgenera, 80 named species, and 2 undescribed species. Of these, 3 tribes, 6 genera, 7 subgenera, and 20 species are new records for the mosquito fauna of Tamaulipas. Fourteen species recorded in the historical records were not found in collections made for this study. Taxonomic notes, new distribution limits, and comments about the medical importance of some of the species collected are reported.

Two new glyptodont records (Mammalia: Cingulata) from the late Pleistocene of Tamaulipas and Tlaxcala, Mexico: Implications for the taxonomy of the genusGlyptotherium

Abstract In North American glyptodonts, the identification of the genus Glyptotherium revolves primarily around characters of the carapace. However, previous studies suggest the possibility of a wide range of intraspecific variation. We report two glyptodont specimens from the Mexican states of Tamaulipas and Tlaxcala. We offer a description of their skeletal and carapace elements as well as a brief review of glyptodont distribution in Mexico. Our initial analysis led us to conclude that the glyptodont from Tamaulipas bears similarities to Glyptotherium cylindricum whereas the Tlaxcala specimen resembles Glyptotherium floridanum. However, further study of previously unreported skeletal elements, in association with characters of the carapace, suggested similarity between the two species. Hence we assigned the two glyptodonts to the species G. cylindricum, which has nomenclatural priority. The addition of new morphological characteristics helped to discern synonymy of these two glyptodont species.

Political protection and the origins of the Gulf Cartel

The history of drug trafficking in Mexico appears to be strongly influenced by specific features of the post-revolutionary authoritarian regime that has been characterized by its rampant corruption and poor levels of accountability. This is a rigorous empirical case study of state domination of the relationship with traffickers in a particular historical epoch and place. Based on research conducted through the examination of historic sources, this work explores the hypothesis that some political figures might have been colluding with members of criminal organizations, with the aim of protecting their businesses and fostering their consolidation. Such collusion has hindered the institutional functioning of key law enforcement and judicial institutions in the country. The present analysis considers these relationships in the course of three decades, the 1960s through the 1990s, and focuses on the Mexican state of Tamaulipas, where one of the most powerful and dangerous organized crime groups emerged, the so-called Gulf Cartel.

A new species of <i>Hechtia</i> (Bromeliaceae) from southwestern Tamaulipas, Mexico

A new species of Hechtia from the Mexican State of Tamaulipas is herein proposed as new: Hechtia hernandez-sandovalii, which is known only from the municipality of Villa de Miquihuana in the southwestern portion of the state. The new species is easily recognized by the following combination of characters: its white cotton-like indument (turning brownish with age) on the branches, rachis, and peduncle of both staminate and pistillate inflorescences. The new taxon is compared with H. glomerata, a species morphologically similar.

Security, Migration, and the Economy in the Texas–Tamaulipas Border Region: The “Real” Effects of Mexico's Drug War

This article analyzes the effects of Mexico's drug war on security, migration, and the economy on the eastern U.S.–Mexico border between the state of Texas and the Mexican state of Tamaulipas. Both sides of the border are analyzed and compared simultaneously. The article shows that the extreme violence that Mexico is suffering has benefited U.S. border towns while having a negative impact on Tamaulipas. The positive effects of Mexico's violent spiral on U.S. border security and the U.S. border economy are evident, notwithstanding American public discourse and the reporting of U.S. media alleging the opposite.Related Articles Héctor Ramón Ramírez. 2009. “.” Politics & Policy 37 (): 579‐609. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2009.00186.x/abstract Gaspare M. Genna, and David A. Mayer‐Foulkes. 2011. “.” Politics & Policy 39 (): 5‐9. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2010.00280.x/abstract Ernesto Aguayo‐Téllez, and Christian I. Rivera‐Mendoza. 2009. “.” Politics & Policy 39 (): 119‐140. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2010.00285.x/abstract Related MediaBlog del Narco. http://www.blogdelnarco.com/ Borderland Beat. http://www.borderlandbeat.com/ Frontera List. http://groups.google.com/group/frontera‐list?hl=en

New species of Spauligodon (Nematoda: Pharyngodonidae) in Xenosaurus platyceps (Squamata: Xenosauridae) from Mexico

During a helminthological examination of flathead knob-scaled lizards, Xenosaurus platyceps King and Thompson 1968, from Mexico, 4 of 10 were found to harbor 56 (14 male, 42 female) nematodes of an undescribed species of Spauligodon Skrjabin, Schikhobalova and Lagodovskaja, 1960. The lizard family Xenosauridae is composed of two well-differentiated genera: Shinisaurus in southern China and Xenosaurus in Mexico and Guatemala (Pérez-Ramos et al., 2000). Xenosaurus platyceps is a stocky, medium-sized species endemic to the Mexican state of Tamaulipas where it occurs in dry oak and tropical deciduous forests of the Sierra Madre Oriental (Flores-Villela 1993; Flores-Villela and Gerez, 1994). The ecology of X. platyceps has been studied (Lemos-Espinal, 1997), but, to our knowledge, there are no helminthological reports for it.

Systematics of Vaejovis dugesi Pocock, with Descriptions of Two New Related Species (Scorpiones, Vaejovidae)

Vaejovis dugesi Pocock, previously recognized as a subspecies of Vaejovis mexicanus Koch, is redescribed and elevated to specific status. Two new species are described: Vaejovis chisos, from the Chisos Mountains in Big Bend National Park, Texas, and Vaejovis sprousei, from the Mexican states of Tamaulipas and Nuevo Le6n. RESUMEN--Vaejovis dugesi Pocock, reconocido previamente como una subespecie de Vaejovis mexicanus Koch, es redescrito y elevado a estado especifico. Se describen dos nuevas especies: Vaejovis chisos, de Chisos Mountains en el Parque National Big Bend, Texas, y Vaejovis sprousei, de los estados mexicanos de Tamaulipas y Nuevo Le6n. The scorpion Vaejovis mexicanus dugesi Pocock was described from the mountains of Guanajuato (Pocock, 1902), and the type remains the single known specimen referable to this taxon. Vaejovis m. dugesi has rarely been mentioned in subsequent systematic works, and its identity has remained enigmatic. Hoffmann (1931) listed the taxon but indicated he had not seen any material referable to it. He suggested that it was similar to Vaejovis granulatus, especially in color pattern, but did not propose a synonymy. Diaz Naijera (1975) did not mention V. m. dugesi in a revised list of Mexican scorpions. I had the opportunity to study the type of V. m. dugesi. It is clear that its closest relative is not V. mexicanus and that it should be regarded as a valid species. Examination of considerable vaejovid material collected throughout mainland Mexico has uncovered only one additional specimen of this species, but new related species from northeastern M6exico and the Chisos Mountains in the Big Bend area in Texas have been found. These species have obvious affinities with certain members of the V. mexicanus group. They have dusky markings on the dorsum (faint in the species from Big Bend), are similar in metasomal carinal structure, have weak dorsointernal carinae on the pedipalp chelae, and have trichobothrium et of the chela fixed finger situated very close to the third enlarged primary row denticle. They differ from other species in the V. mexicanus group as follows: (1) the pedipalps are relatively long and slender, with chela length: width ratios exc eding 4.0, (2) the chela fingers end in moderately to distinctly enlarged, clawlike terminal denticles. These latter features are suggestive of pecies of the Vaejovis nitidulus group. However, e species of that group have trichobothrium et situated at the level of or distal to the second enlarged primary row denticle and a well developed, crenulate to serrate dorsointernal chela carina. Because Vaejovis dugesi and the new species lack these characters, it seems best to retain them in the V. mexicanus group. Vaejovis dugesi Pocock, new combination

Disseminated anergic cutaneous leishmaniasis. An autochthonous case in Texas and the Mexican states of Tamaulipas and Nuevo Leon.

The discovery of a case of disseminated anergic cutaneous leishmaniasis endogenous to Texas and the Mexican states of Tamaulipas and Nuevo Leon is of epidemiologic importance. An acquired or genetically determined defect in the immune or inflammatory systems of the patients who develop this rare form of leishmaniasis is postulated. No initial clinical response was obtained from treatment with cycloguanil pamoate (Camolar).

Disseminated Anergic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

The discovery of a case of disseminated anergic cutaneous leishmaniasis endogenous to Texas and the Mexican states of Tamaulipas and Nuevo Leon is of epidemiologic importance. An acquired or genetically determined defect in the immune or inflammatory systems of the patients who develop this rare form of leishmaniasis is postulated. No initial clinical response was obtained from treatment with cycloguanil pamoate (Camolar).

A Taxonomic Reevaluation of the Night Snake Hypsiglena Ochrorhyncha and Relatives

The cream-colored band anterior to the dark nuchal blotch of Hyp- siglena torquataadequately distinguishes all individuals of this species from the taxon H. ochrorhyncha which during the last 20 years has been treated (the present author believes incorrectly) as a subspecies of H. torquata. Resurrection of H. ochrorhyncha as a species removes the unsatisfactory sympatry of 2 races of H. torquata in south- ern Tamaulipas and in a broad area of the Pacific coastal plain of Western Mexico. Inspection of numerous specimens of Hypsiglena leads me to propose that the characters of the cream-colored band anterior to the dark nuchal blotch, and the dark ground color, of H. torquata can be used as diagnostic characters of that species; H. ochrorhyncha, which Bo- gert and Oliver (1945) treated as a subspecies of H. torquata, never has such a band and has paler ground color. The treatment of Bogert and Oliver leaves an unsatisfactory situation in that H. torquata jani (including H. torquata texana; cf. Duellman, 1961, with whom I con- cur) and H. torquata ochrorhyncha overlap geographically (but do not intergrade morphically) with H. torquata dunklei in southern Tamaulipas, with H. torquata torquata in a 300-mile strip of the Pa- cific lowlands from Guirocoba, Sonora to Mazatlan, Sinaloa and with H. torquata affinis near Magdalena, Jalisco (Fig. 1). The solution to this problem by Bogert and Oliver was to suggest that all the differ- ences in pattern were controlled by a single gene and that therefore both patterns can be expected in the same litter, in the region of over- lap. No evidence of this has been adduced. And, considering the com- plexity of the traits involved, very likely none will be. A more elegant and plausible resolution is achieved simply by rejecting the taxonomy of Bogert and Oliver, and resurrecting H. ochrorhyncha as a species. In each instance where the two species have been taken together the nuchal pattern easily separates the two forms. At the time Bogert and Oliver (1945) examined their specimens, the distribution of H. torquata in Mexico had not been fully determined, nor were there sufficient specimens of H. torquata to evaluate variation in scale char- acters. I have examined all of the available specimens of H. torquata dunklei from the Mexican state of Tamaulipas (Dixon, 1962), and 86 specimens of H. ochrorhyncha jani and H. o. ochrorhyncha from the

The investigation of a sylvan yellow fever epizootic on the north coast of Honduras, 1954.

Summary and Conclusions 1. Howling monkeys (Alouatta) died of histopathologically proven yellow fever in July and early August, 1954, on the coastal plain near La Masica, Honduras, in an ecological situation unlike that of epizootics experienced during the preceding five years in Panama and lower Central America. No naturally proven vector mosquitoes could be found on the coastal plain where the monkeys died. 2. Small numbers of Haemagogus spegazzinii falco, a proven natural vector in South America, were taken on mountain slopes in the tropical rain forest some 10 to 20 kilometers or more from the place where the monkeys died, but no evidence could be obtained of monkey mortality there. The authors believe the north coast of Honduras to be at or near the northern limit of the range of H. spegazzinii falco. 3. Haemagogus equinus, which has been shown to be capable of transmitting yellow fever in the laboratory, but from which virus has never been certainly recovered in the field, was the only Haemagogus species recovered at the place where the monkeys died near La Masica. This species which is widespread in Middle America has been taken by us in the Atlantic drainage as far north as the southwestern corner of the Mexican state of Tamaulipas which borders Texas on the Gulf Coast. 4. Aside from the predominantly ground-level biting Psorophora and Mansonia, which are not considered to be involved in the yellow fever transmission, the commonest arboreal mosquito was Trichoprosopon magnus. The ability of this mosquito to transmit virus is unknown. Another sabethine mosquito whose status as a vector is also not known, Sabethes chloropterus, was present in moderate numbers. This species has been present at other recent yellow fever episodes in Panama and lower Central America. 5. No human cases of yellow fever were recognized in the immediate area of the epizootic during, or in the months following the monkey fatalities.