Mexican Legal System Research Articles

Regulatory Analysis of Government Compliance in Mexico

This research work aims to identify the origin, concept and scope of government compliance. It also seeks to locate the history of regulation of corporate and governmental conduct. Finally, an analysis of the various government compliance instruments introduced in the Mexican legal system is carried out. Based on the above, the conclusions obtained will be presented. This research work obtains its justification in the duty of vigilance in charge of every administrator as he is obliged to introduce measures aimed at preventing the risks to which his activity is exposed in order to avoid, control and, where appropriate, compensate for the damages perpetrated against human rights, fundamental freedoms, so it is not simply a matter of obtaining a compliant opinion but of actually preventing the generation of a risk and therefore avoiding damage and inspiring confidence by fostering a good organizational reputation. In its daily work, the Public Administration is exposed to a variety of risks, which means introducing a set of processes within the scope of its own structure to guarantee respect for behavioral rules. Government compliance encompasses the adoption of a series of provisions that impose respect for objectives of general interest that range from the fight against corruption, child labor, terrorism, environmental protection, etc. Government compliance, as a means of controlling the actions of public entities, imposes structural commitments on public administrators such as the establishment of a cartography of systemic risks, the implementation of a behavioral code, which is why they are mechanisms of obtaining results and satisfying the objectives set or that are inherent to their public function. It is then about assuming and respecting values aimed at preserving the state's heritage, its organizational reputation and thereby providing credibility to public institutions, whether in the face of those individuals, their associates or the national states with whom they have entered into or intend to formalize alliances.

Integral protection of children against the use of information and communication technologies in Mexico

Currently, the use of information and communication technologies and, especially, the Internet, favor a greater exercise of the rights of children and adolescents, such as freedom of expression and information; however, given this present panorama, it is imperative that not only the benefits that the use of information technologies brings us be observed, but also the dangers that are implicit in the use of these must be considered. For this reason, the present article has the general objective of analyzing the best interests of the child, as a procedural standard in the protection of infants and adolescents against the use of information technologies to identify some of their main risks, and the measures of protection in the Mexican legal system. The main conclusion of this study emphasizes the inclusion of general legislative, administrative, social and educational measures, translated into technological solutions for prevention and protection, where the assistance and support of those who exercise parental authority, guardianship and custody is essential in the use that children and adolescents make of said information technologies.

Inclusion of Oral Health in Disabled Patients. Legal Perspective

Background: People with disabilities face obstacles to living full and healthy lives. Purpose: To identify, organize and analyze documents that account for the conditions and health care and the rights of people with disabilities in the United States of Mexico. Methods: A search of references was conducted in different databases using terms such as: oral health, human health, dentistry, medical practice, disability, and rights of people with disabilities. Documents that account for aspects such as standards and institutions that are related to health, particularly the health and rights of people with disabilities, were selected. Conclusions: Disability has evolved both in the concept and in the measures and mechanisms of care in the Mexican legal system. There are documents and legislation that address the issue. However, there are omissions and deficiencies that should be corrected to guarantee full and equitable access to health care for people with disabilities.

Implementation of Human Rights and the Mandatory Precedents in Foreign Trade, Legal Effectiveness: Mexico Case

We make an analysis of the implementation of human rights and the mandatory precedent in matters of Mexican foreign trade, in an administrative and judicial context in the search for legal effectiveness with constitutional control, highlighting the implementation of human rights contained in treaties commercial, such as access to justice and prompt and expeditious;
 We point out a recent case of human rights and foreign trade, with the implementation in the Mexican legal system, of the Free Trade Agreement Mexico United States Canada, before the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation, as well as a possible proposal before the provisions of its Article 14.D.5, regarding the right of access to prompt and expeditious justice in investment matters, and avoiding the resolution of controversies before international arbitration panels that have been questioned.

Commercial Potential of Pelagic Sargassum spp. in Mexico

The recent periodic influx of massive quantities of pelagic Sargassum spp. (sargasso) into the Caribbean has posed ecological, social, and economic challenges to the region. Sustainable use of the biomass is crucial to mitigate negative impacts of beached algae. The current uses of sargasso in Mexico are reviewed, and a biorefinery approach is proposed to optimize its commercialization. The commercialization potential of sargasso in the Mexican Caribbean is analyzed using the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis. The unpredictability of the influx to the Mexican shores is considerable, both in time and space, also, some areas receive consistently more sargasso than others. The lack of available technology, local infrastructure and regulations concerning sargasso are relevant, as is the urgent need to establish proper regulatory measures. In the context of the Mexican legal system, the category “special waste” can best be applied to sargasso that is collected from the beach or nearshore waters for the purpose of regulation. Lessons learnt from in Mexico may be applied elsewhere, with adaptations for each specific location. More importantly, mutual understanding of the constraints and possibilities of sargasso management in other countries, or territories, may facilitate the coordinated management of this transboundary macroalgae bloom.

Criteria for the application of environmental taxes

Taxes are recognized in the Mexican legal system as an obligation to contribute to public expenditures in order to satisfy a public need indirectly, that is, that the proceeds be applied for the payment of various public services. In the last decade, new taxes such as environmental or green taxes were introduced, due to climate change and the environmental pollution constantly generated by humans and companies, which have become important factors for the creation of public policies, in order to control and prevent them. In the case of Mexico, it is necessary to integrate elements that constitute a State that prioritizes the care and improvement of environmental conditions, as well as to have measures that contribute to these conditions.

La naturaleza jurídica del juicio de amparo indirecto

The amparo trial is a means of constitutional control and conventionality in the Mexican legal system, in the aspect of indirect amparo trial, it is the means par excellence for the defense of human rights and its guarantees against acts of authority or omissions that it carries out against of the governed. By excellence, it is the means by which a governed that sees their human rights violated or failing that, a legal guarantee, can actuate said means to request that the constitutionality or unconstitutionality of the act of authority be studied. The amparo trial has its origin in 1841, idea of ​​the politician and jurist Manuel Crescencio Garcia Rejon y Alcala, later by means of his “private vote” he laid the foundations for the amparo trial in Mexico, the jurist Mariano Otero.

Viable model of the Mexican legal system: A transdisciplinary systemic vision

In Mexico, the Legal System contemplates a broad set of agencies responsible to the justice imparting, therefore for its management it is necessary to have a systemic model that allows to contribute, in a more adequate way, to the entire set of subsystems; in such a way that the institutions responsible to administering justice are capable of accurately and expeditiously determining the results and conclusions in the areas responsible to the administration of justice. The implementation and application of models with a systemic approach, such as Viable Systems Models, allow us to respond to many problems at different integrated levels of abstraction of sociotechnical systems, such as those responsible to justice administration in Mexico. This research work purpose is to design a Viable Model for the Mexican Legal System, which will allow to provide justice delivery systems with a tool that streamlines, and facilitates the management, control and handling of the information used in the National Legal System. The systems approach application in the design of viable systems allows to unite different expert’s views to give a comprehensive response to the analyzed cases.

La defensa de los derechos colectivos en México. Un análisis comparativo

El presente artículo tiene como finalidad identificar la efectividad de los instrumentos de protección jurisdiccional de los derechos colectivos en México, a partir de un análisis compara- tivo que se realice de los ordenamientos de los países de América Latina tales como Brasil, Argentina y Colombia.

Informe: seguridad social en México, 2019

El sistema jurídico mexicano experimentó diversos cambios en materia de trabajo y seguridad social durante el año 2019. El presente informe busca sintetizar dichos cambios con el fin de ofrecer un panorama para su evaluación a nivel nacional que permita, además, su utilización para posteriores análisis comparativos a nivel internacional. Para lograr su objetivo, se sigue una explicación sistemática de los diversos temas mediante un método deductivo y descriptivo. La aproximación se hace desde un entendimiento del sistema de la seguridad social mexicano donde múltiples factores generan cambios, creación y modificaciones a los programas sociales y políticas públicas, reformas legislativas, resoluciones del máximo órgano judicial del país y acuerdos internacionales en la materia.

Delitos restrictivos de la libertad de expresión y su inconstitucionalidad. Análisis de tres casos resueltos por la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación

En el presente artículo se analiza la existencia de tipos penales en el orden jurídico mexicano que restringen la libertad de expresión y que se encuadran en la categoría de restricciones indirectas, la cuales están prohibidas por la Constitución. Se afirma que estos delitos tienen un efecto inhibidor de la difusión de opiniones, ideas e información en México, por generar un tipo de autocensura al prohibir, perseguir y sancionar conductas relacionadas con la obtención y difusión de información, así como otras formas de expresión. Para demostrar esta tesis, en primer término se conceptualiza la libertad de expresión y su importancia destacando sus dimensiones: individual y social. Enseguida se hacen aproximaciones conceptuales de la censura, la censura previa y la autocensura como especies de restricciones a la libertad de expresión. Finalmente, se plantea de manera ejemplificativa la revisión de tres casos resueltos por la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación de México, en los cuales se declaró la inconstitucionalidad de este tipo de delitos.

La defensa del territorio en San Francisco Xochicuautla, México, como una forma contenciosa de la diferencia

El presente texto es resultado de un trabajo de antropología jurídica sobre el conflicto entre el Estado mexicano y la comunidad de San Francisco Xochicuautla, Lerma, Estado de México, a raíz de un proyecto carretero. Se explora el planteamiento hipotético de que dicho conflicto se eslabona a una histórica cadena de procesos jurídicos que no han resuelto de modo definitivo la presencia de los pueblos indígenas dentro del Estado mexicano. Se expone como planteamiento central que el sistema jurídico mexicano actual y las prácticas políticas de sus gobernantes, articuladas con el capital interno y extranjero, forman parte de un contexto jurídico-político en el que se presentan episodios que vuelven visibles algunas "formas contenciosas de la diferencia". Se hace una revisión de los momentos más significativos del conflicto y, como principal hallazgo, se ofrece el trabajo etnográfico sobre la experiencia de lucha de la comunidad, buscando documentar la vitalidad de los sujetos subalternos, cuya existencia jurídicaera negada mediante acciones jurídicas por parte del Estado mexicano, pero que finalmente lograron ser reconocidos.

Los daños punitivos: análisis crítico desde el derecho comparado

La responsabilidad civil es una de las instituciones propias del derecho civil que ha evolucionado en el sistema jurídico mexicano e internacional en correspondencia con la constitucionalización del derecho civil. La función primordial de la responsabilidad civil actualmente es su reparación integral, pero ¿cómo se manifiesta este cambio paradigmático en los sistemas jurídicos? ¿Será necesario aplicar instituciones del com- mon law como los daños punitivos separadas de la función compensatoria propia de los países del sistema continental? Todas estas preguntas son abordadas en el siguiente artículo analizando el origen de la figura y su aplicación en el derecho comparado.

Le popolazioni indigene del Messico: una tutela giuridica avanzata (con alcuni aspetti di criticità)

The essay examines the legal status of indigenous people in the Mexican legal system, considered from a comparative perspective. Starting from the provisions of the Constitution of 1917, modified in 1992 and then in 2001, it is possible to observe an expansion of the rights of indigenous peoples. This is in line with the pluricultural composition of the Mexican state, although there are still problems of effectiveness of the protection of indigenous communities.

Turbulencia de los Datos Personales, entre lo Público y lo Privado

El presente artículo es producto de una revisión bibliográfica, cuyo objetivo consistió en mostrar evidencia del Hábeas Data como un instrumento en el sistema Jurídico Mexicano. Se aplicó el método de análisis, con un enfoque cualitativo, diseño no experimental, bajo un nivel documental-bibliográfico transversal. Tras la revisión documental se encontró que: La protección de datos personales en México reviste de una garantía Constitucional y facultades conocidas como derechos ARCO, vinculándose a la esfera del derecho a la información y libertad de expresión, pero, además, como un límite para proteger la privacidad, intimidad y la dignidad de los individuos. El límite del derecho a la información es el respeto que debe de tenerse a la vida privada de las personas quienes son las únicas facultadas para dar su consentimiento y que se pueda difundir su información. Se concluya que Los datos personales protegen los datos sensibles del ciudadano que de revelarse pudieran causar un menoscabo en su dignidad o una discriminación por sus preferencias. Nuestra legislación requiere de un análisis sobre la función y eficacia en el ejercicio de este derecho, así como el establecimiento del Hábeas Data del Derecho comparado.

Freezing Financial Assets in The United States and in Mexico: Contrasts in Constitutionality and Legal Parallels

The purpose of this article is to understand how asset freezing works in the United States of America and in Mexico, as well as the contrasts and similarities in both systems. The threats posed to civil rights that can arise from asset freezing led us to compare the judicial criteria held by the US Courts and the corresponding reasoning in the Mexican legal system. Alternative rulings from European courts are also considered. Finally, some recommendations are made to improve due process in the Mexican legal system after preventing money laundering and funding terrorism when freezing financial assets.

El sistema jurídico tzeltal en Amatenango del Valle, Chiapas y el derecho positivo mexicano en el capitalismo contemporáneo

Este artigo analisa a aplicação de sistemas normativos entre os habitantes do município tzeltal de Amatenango del Valle, Chiapas. Os níveis e áreas de relacionamento em que os tzeltales amatenangueros se apropriam, usam, vivem e sofrem a implementação do sistema legal mexicano e do sistema jurídico indígena são estudados. A relação entre dois ou mais sistemas jurídicos está dando forma a um direito próprio na administração da justiça no Tribunal de Paz e Conciliação Indígena (JPCI) deste município tzeltal de Chiapas. O JPCI é um espaço jurídico sui generis criado pelos governos do México e do estado de Chiapas como resultado do levante armado do EZLN em 1994, que contribui para a proteção dos direitos humanos das pessoas mais vulneráveis: mulheres, idosos e crianças.

El derecho de los adultos mayores a la seguridad social y la pensión de vejez reducida

<p>Partiendo de los ordenamientos que fundamentan el derecho de los adultos mayores a la seguridad social en el sistema jurídico mexicano, así como de la forma de acceder al seguro de vejez, en el presente trabajo se expone el incumplimiento al convenio (número 102) sobre la seguridad social (norma mínima), ante la inexistencia de la pensión reducida de vejez en la Ley del Seguro Social. Fundamental fue el análisis de las disposiciones normativas nacionales e internacionales aplicables en el caso de México a los adultos mayores y, en especial, los ordenamientos que reglamentan el derecho a la pensión de vejez. Desde el punto de vista metodológico, la investigación requirió de la consulta de fuentes especializadas en Derecho Constitucional, Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos y Seguridad Social, que, en comunión con los métodos analítico y deductivo, nos permitieron comprender el tipo de prestaciones que resultan procedentes en el seguro de vejez, los requisitos para acceder a ellas<br />y la inobservancia al convenio número 102 como norma internacional de derechos humanos.</p>

De la autonomía personal al consentimiento informado y las voluntades anticipadas I

This paper addresses how individuals have recently achieved the idea of respect and dignity at the end of life, exercising their autonomy to take decisions about the way they want to live the passage from life to death, if not by taking control over the time of death, but regarding the conditions and care to be provided at that time. From the legal point of view we have developed the idea that treating a patient without his consent or despite his or her objections may constitute an unlawful conduct. The right of self-determination of the person is matched with the duty of the physician to inform the patient the truth about his condition, the courses of action from which to choose, its consequences, and also provide him or her with the means to adopt his or her decision. The right to information and informed consent has been developed as an autonomous right, complementary to the right to healthcare. The doctrine of informed consent led us to recognize the right we all have to make decisions about the end of our own life. To live with dignity means, among other things, in addition to the elimination of pain and suffering, that our autonomy is respected, this is our will on what medical care we receive and until when we want to receive it. The next step would be to find the most appropriate means for that will to be expressed, which is why we developed the so called advanced directions, which are currently a part of the Mexican legal system in various states, and which has led to the development of a new field of health care for terminal patients: palliative care, which are already provided also at the federal level in the General Health Law.

El derecho de autor, las nuevas tecnologías y el derecho comparado. Una reflexión para la legislación nacional y sus desarrollos jurisprudenciales

Copyright law was created as a result of the printing press invention. Development and evolution of this area of law is deeply connected to technology advancement. As a result, major changes in the law have come with inventions like photography, piano roll, vinyl records, as well as magnetic tape for recording audio and video. In relation to digital technology, Internet, and proper enforcement of copyrights, the Mexican legal system seems to be outdated. Therefore, several amendments are needed. This article is comparative study of copyright law and technology developments. This comparative study, is based on judgments of courts of several jurisdictions solving issues related to new technology and copyrights, from peer to peer technology, to interactive Internet sites known as Web 2.0, in which users upload protected works with or without authorization. The comparative perspective may prove helpful in future developments of Mexican Copyright Law.