Elderly Mexican Research Articles

Effect of a Low-Protein Diet Supplemented with Ketoanalogues on Body Composition and Hand Grip Strength of Elderly Mexican Patients with CKD Attending a Nutritional Care Center

Effect of a Low-Protein Diet Supplemented with Ketoanalogues on Body Composition and Hand Grip Strength of Elderly Mexican Patients with CKD Attending a Nutritional Care Center

Daytime fatigue and sleep duration in Mexican elders: a study on sleep habits

Daytime fatigue and sleep duration in Mexican elders: a study on sleep habits

Air pollution and traffic noise interact to affect cognitive health in older Mexican Americans

BackgroundBoth air pollution and noise exposures have separately been shown to affect cognitive impairment. Here, we examine how air pollution and noise exposures interact to influence the development of incident dementia or cognitive impairment without dementia (CIND). MethodsWe used 1,612 Mexican American participants from the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging conducted from 1998 to 2007. Air pollution (nitrogen dioxides, particulate matter, ozone) and noise exposure levels were modeled with a land-use regression and via the SoundPLAN software package implemented with the Traffic Noise Model applied to the greater Sacramento area, respectively. Using Cox proportional hazard models, we estimated the hazard of incident dementia or CIND from air pollution exposure at the residence up to 5-years prior to diagnosis for the members of each risk set at event time. Further, we investigated whether noise exposure modified the association between air pollution exposure and dementia or CIND. ResultsIn total, 104 incident dementia and 159 incident dementia/CIND cases were identified during the 10 years of follow-up. For each ∼2 µg/m3 increase in time-varying 1- and 5-year average PM2.5 exposure, the hazard of dementia increased 33% (HR = 1.33, 95%CI: 1.00, 1.76). The hazard ratios for NO2-related dementia/CIND and PM2.5-related dementia were stronger in high-noise (≥65 dB) exposed than low-noise (<65 dB) exposed participants. ConclusionOur study indicates that PM2.5 and NO2 air pollution adversely affect cognition in elderly Mexican Americans. Our findings also suggest that air pollutants may interact with traffic-related noise exposure to affect cognitive function in vulnerable populations.

Lifestyle and psychosocial changes in Mexican elders during the COVID‐19 pandemic

AbstractBackgroundSocial and physical activity, the optimal control of cardiovascular disease are important factors to prevent mild cognitive impairment and dementia. During the COVID‐19 pandemic these factors could have negatively been affected, and it is crucial to identify and address such changes.Nearly two years into the pandemic for COVID‐19 in worldwide, psychological and behavioural consequences have been observed in the population. Social distancing, mobility restraint and quarantine measures have raised concerns about lifestyles and mental health.MethodThis study included 50 urban‐Mexican elders cognitively health but with risk factors for dementia and mild cognitive impairment (age, mean: 72.6 ± 5.1, 54%, with an average schooling of 9.4 ± 4.3 years, 54% women), who responded face to face to a survey designed by the WORLD‐WIDE‐FINGERS‐SARS‐COV‐2 Initiative, which has the objective of measuring the direct and indirect effects of the pandemic in old age, focusing on changes in lifestyle and psychosocial factors, included frequency of physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption and social activities before and after the pandemic quarantine.ResultA significant reduction in physical activity and attendance to social meetings was found. Other changes reported included decreased time spent with family, relatives and friends, increased sleep problems and augmented snacking but not increased consumption of fruits and vegetables. Participants also indicated an increased use of the Internet. Interestingly, even if people had less social interaction, they did not report increased feelings of loneliness.In general, few participants reported changes in physical health (16%) and quality of life (12%) but half of the sample (54%) feel that their memory was poorer than before the pandemic.ConclusionIn conclusion, we observed changes in lifestyle that can negatively affect mental health, as they involve factors linked to the occurrence of dementia or mild cognitive impairment. Therefore, strategies to mitigate the effects of these risk factors should be planned.

Ozone Exposure, Outdoor Physical Activity, and Incident Type 2 Diabetes in the SALSA Cohort of Older Mexican Americans.

Background:Type 2 diabetes is a leading contributor to the global burden of morbidity and mortality. Ozone () exposure has previously been linked to diabetes.Objective:We studied the impact of exposure on incident diabetes risk in elderly Mexican Americans and investigated whether outdoor physical activity modifies the association.Methods:We selected 1,090 Mexican American participants from the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging conducted from 1998 to 2007. Ambient exposure levels were modeled with a land-use regression built with saturation monitoring data collected at 49 sites across the Sacramento metropolitan area. Using Cox proportional hazard models, we estimated the risk of developing incident diabetes based on average exposure modeled for 5-y prior to incident diabetes diagnosis or last follow-up. Further, we estimated outdoor leisure-time physical activity at baseline and investigated whether higher vs. lower levels modified the association between exposure and diabetes.Results:In total, 186 incident diabetes cases were identified during 10-y follow-up. Higher levels of physical activity were negatively associated with incident diabetes [ (95% CI: 0.43, 0.95)]. The estimated HRs for incident diabetes was 1.13 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.28) per 10-ppb increment of 5-y average exposure; also, this association was stronger among those physically active outdoors [ (95% CI: 1.21, 1.90)], and close to null for those reporting lower levels of outdoor activity [ (95% CI: 0.90, 1.20), ].Conclusions:Our findings suggest that ambient exposure contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes, particularly among those with higher levels of leisure-time outdoor physical activity. Policies and strategies are needed to reduce exposure to guarantee that the health benefits of physical activity are not diminished by higher levels of pollution in susceptible populations such as older Hispanics. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8620

Influence of COMT polymorphism in cognitive performance on dementia in community-dwelling elderly Mexican (SADEM study).

There is an inconsistent finding about the relationship of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) with dementia susceptibility, as well as with cognitive impairment. To substantiate this, we examined COMT genotype effects in certain cognitive domains in dementia. To evaluate the effects of COMT Val158Met on cognitive performance, we used The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the cognitive subscale of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive (ADAS-cog) and the Syndrome Kurz Test (SKT). The results show COMT Val/Met, Val/Val genotype polymorphisms had a significant effect on cognition performance (OR = 1.75 (95%CI 1.22-2.54) and (OR = 2.76 (95%CI 1.78-4.26), p < 0.001), and with adjustment for all cognitive test scores together, Val/Val (OR = 4.98 (95 % CI 1.47-16.86) and Val/Met (OR = 3.62 (95 % CI 1.37-9.56) had effect. Our study allows us to understand the role of COMT in cognitive performance in dementia, as well as interaction with other known risk factors for this pathology. This data might help in developing new therapeutic targets for cognitive impairment, main symptom of dementia. Other risk genotypes or haplotypes should be evaluated to determine the association with cognitive decline in dementia.

Metabolic Risk and Depression among Elderly Mexican Americans: The Roles of Nativity Status.

To evaluate the relationship between metabolic risk (MR) and depression in a sample of older Mexican Americans and examine whether the association differs by age at migration. Longitudinal study using data from the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (HEPESE) (N=807, mean age = 84.3). The analytical sample was compiled from wave 6 (2007) to wave 7 (2010-2011) of HEPESE. Random-effect logistic regression examined the association between MR and depression and tested the model stratified by nativity status and age at migration. MR was associated with higher odds of depression for US-born Mexican Americans after controlling for potential confounders. Similarly, among Mexican Americans who migrated before age 20, MR was associated with higher odds of depression. The findings highlight the importance of age at migration when evaluating the health of foreign-born Mexican Americans from a life-course perspective. Particularly among Mexican Americans who migrated before age 20, those with MR were more vulnerable to depression than their counterparts without MR.

CAIDE risk score for the prediction of dementia risk in Mexican elders: 10/66 Dementia Research Group, population‐based study in Mexico

AbstractBackgroundCAIDE (Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and dementia) Dementia Risk Score was developed to identify subjects with risk for developing dementia; using cardiovascular risk factors for dementia. CAIDE has showed to have a good predictive value. Mexican elders have different risk factors for dementia; the use of this type of score could be a good alternative to detect subjects at risk and implementing prevention strategies.MethodWe include 1,111 subjects of &gt;65 years of age, without cognitive impairment and who had the information complete to calculate CAIDE [age (&lt; 47, 47‐53, &gt;53 years old), gender, education (&gt; 10 years, 7‐9 years, &lt; 7 years), systolic blood pressure (&lt;140 or &gt;140mmHg), body mass index (&lt;30 or &gt;30 kg/m2), the auto‐report of dyslipidaemia (the original CAIDE use only hypercholesterolemia) and physical activity. Diagnosis of dementia after the follow‐up was according to 10/66 algorithms, we determinate the predictive properties of CAIDE score.ResultThose with a CAIDE score of 6‐7 showed a sensitivity of 66.23%, specificity of 34.7% and the 37.63% of proper classification at three years of follow‐up; for those with score of 8‐9, had a sensitivity 24.68%, specificity of 73.69% and the 69.18%, and for those with a score 10‐11, shown a sensitivity of 5.19%, specificity of 93.5% and the 85.4% of proper classification.ConclusionCAIDE score show a good specificity and sensibility. CAIDE scores of 6‐7 showed the best sensitivity but the 8‐9 scores obtain the best specificity. But we should consider different things for example we population have &gt; 65 years old, this conditioning all our sample to obtain 4 points, and we use self‐report for some measures. CAIDE does not include diabetes, which has demonstrated to be an important risk factor for dementia in our population.

Social isolation and incident dementia in Mexican elders

AbstractBackgroundSocial isolation (SI) (defined as infrequent social contact or people with limited social networks) has been association with cognitive impairment, however, some authors has argued there is not a relationship between both. In line with the World Health Organization (WHO). Dementia is a syndrome affecting memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, judgement and so on that interfere significantly in the person’s activities of daily living and it is not a normal part of ageing. WHO, points out two in three people with dementia live in low‐and middle‐income countries like Mexico. Indeed, Dementia has a physical, psychological, social, and economic impact on people with it, but also on their families and society.MethodWe analyzed data from 1,355 adults aged 65 or over, evaluated in incidence phase of Dementia Research Group 10/66 protocols in Mexico. Dementia was evaluated according to 10/66 algorithm. Statistical analysis consisted in to compare incident dementia in both groups with and without SI considering: sex, age, education, marital status, home services, disability, depressive symptoms and feelings of loneliness as possible confounding.ResultThe incidence rate in whole sample was 32.5 cases per 1000 person‐years, in presence of SI the incidence was 36.8 cases and in absence of SI was 28.2. When we estimate the association between SI and incident dementia the incidence cumulative ratio was 1.28 and the 95% confidence interval was from 0.92 to 1.79. Also, non‐significance was shown when we adjusted for other variables of interest that previously have been reported as risk factors or predictors for dementia (e.g. age, mild cognitive impairment, neuropsychiatric symptoms, diabetes and feelings of loneliness).ConclusionThe present study didn’t find a significant relationship between SI and incident dementia. Is important to consider other conditions to improve quality of life in elders, include the social sphere such as loneliness or social support (not analyzed here). Also is important to generate new research about SI independently to know more about this phenomenal and its consequences on elders’ health.

Epidemiological Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 in Elderly Mexican Population: A Perspective of Mortality

In addition to age, other factors have been implicated as predictors of poor prognosis. At least five studies have reported that male patients have a worse prognosis. Specific comorbidities have also been associated with worse outcomes in these patients, such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and coronary heart disease .

Derecho al acceso a la salud de los adultos mayores en México: reflexión crítica discursiva

Introducción: Los cambios en las condiciones de salud han logrado que la esperanza de vida de las personas aumente. La salud es un derecho fundamental y universal, por lo que las personas adultas mayores deberían gozar de él sin limitaciones. Objetivo: Reflexionar sobre las condiciones de acceso a la salud para los adultos mayores desde una perspectiva de derecho universal. Desarrollo: Se trata de un estudio reflexivo a partir de la revisión de literatura y crítica de los autores. La protección a la salud como derecho se ha enmarcado en las declaraciones internacionales y los acuerdos entre países, como un compromiso sustentable de atención al envejecimiento. México posee estrategias como la Ley General de Salud, Ley de Derechos de las Personas Adultas Mayores, el Plan de Atención al Envejecimiento. Conclusiones: La salud es un derecho universal, aún se requieren esfuerzos para lograr que todo anciano mexicano goce de este derecho con plenitud y satisfacción, teniendo una vejez óptima.

Parkinson’s Disease, Diabetes, Functional Decline and Cognitive Impairment: A Comparative Study of Elderly Mexican Americans and Non-Hispanic Whites

Parkinson’s Disease, Diabetes, Functional Decline and Cognitive Impairment: A Comparative Study of Elderly Mexican Americans and Non-Hispanic Whites

Psychosocial profile of Mexican elders hospitalized for fall-related hip fracture

To define the psychosocial profile of elders hospitalized for fall-related hip fracture. A quantitative, descriptive, prevalence study was performed by evaluating 55 individuals aged 65 years old or more, from March 2017 through February 2018. Data were collected using a socioeconomic questionnaire and the Barthel Index for Activities of Daily Living. The mean age was 80.8 years and 76.36% of the sample was made up of women. Most patients were widowed (58.2%). Regarding educational attainment, 61.8% had completed primary education and 29.1% were uneducated. Unemployment prevailed among the sample (69.1%) and 56.36% had a monthly income below 101,77 USD and reported social support as their main source of income. Household conditions were homogenous across the sample. A variable degree of loss of autonomy in activities of daily living was reported in 67.3% of the sample. The findings allow hypothesizing that the risk for medical and socioeconomic complications during the recovery period could be higher in the study population due to the reported psychosocial vulnerabilities.

Determinants associated with chronic and incident depression in Mexican older adults.

To describe the association among socio-demographic, environmental, psychosocial and health determinants in Mexican elders with chronic and incident depression from a 3-year follow-up study. Data from a cohort study of 1512 Mexicans, 65 and more years old was analyzed. We used a multinomial regression model in order to analyze the associations between determinants of interest with chronic and incident depression conditions, taking as reference a group without depression. In addition, the risk profiles were identified and stratified by sex; and finally, the determinant´s were estimated individually and combined. 43.1% of the whole sample did not present depression during the follow-up, 41.9% had chronic depression and 15% incident depression. Chronic depression had more associations with determinants, than incident depression; the latter was associated with poverty and loneliness. The risk profiles for the three depression´s conditions stratified by sex, showed notorious differences. Chronic and incident depressions in the elderly are distinct phenomena, the evaluation of the determinant´s contribution to these entities, will allow to identify associated conditions to chronic and incident depression, and the sex differential effect, which will contribute to identify populations and risk factors, to implement objective interventions.

PO004 The Added Value of Gated- Spect Myocardial Perfusion Imaging In a Group of Elderly Mexican Patients With Suspected of Ischemic Heart Disease: A Turn For Better Prognosis

PO004 The Added Value of Gated- Spect Myocardial Perfusion Imaging In a Group of Elderly Mexican Patients With Suspected of Ischemic Heart Disease: A Turn For Better Prognosis

Association of Positive Affect with Cognitive Health and Decline for Elder Mexican Americans.

The goal of this study was to investigate the linkages of positive affect (PA) with cognitive health and its decline among elder Mexican Americans. We conducted secondary analysis of longitudinal data from the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging (SALSA). We used the structural equation modeling framework to achieve three specific aims: (1) identify a valid measure of PA, (2) describe within-person trajectories of PA and cognitive health, and (3) test the inter-relations of these two processes over time. Results showed that, on average, PA and cognitive ability (including verbal memory) decreased over time. Yet, there was significant variability in these patterns of change. Bivariate latent growth curve models showed significant correlations of baseline levels and rates of change of PA and cognitive ability even after controlling for age, education, sex, bilingualism, and depression. Results support the hypothesis that increases and decreases in PA tend to be related to increases and decreases in cognitive health at old age among Mexican Americans.

Prevalence of multimorbidity in subjects aged ≥60 years in a developing country.

BackgroundAging is one of the most prominent features in recent population dynamics around the world. As populations age, the prevalence of simultaneous chronic diseases increases, which is known as multimorbidity.ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of multimorbidity and associated factors in a sample of elderly Mexican subjects.Materials and methodsA cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on a convenience sample of 139 subjects aged ≥60 years. The dependent variable was the multimorbidity diagnosis performed by a physician, which was categorized as 0 for subjects with no chronic disease or only 1 disease and 1 for subjects with 2 or more chronic diseases. Questionnaires were used to collect the information on the different variables. A statistical analysis was performed in Stata 11.0.ResultsThe mean age was 79.06±9.78 years, and 69.1% of the subjects were women. A total of 69.1% (95% confidence interval =61.3–76.8) reported at least 1 morbidity. The mean morbidity by subject was 1.04±1.90. Cardiovascular diseases (25.9%), hypertension (20.1%), musculoskeletal disorders (19.4%), and diabetes (13.7%) were the most frequently reported conditions. The prevalence of multimorbidity (2 or more diseases) was 27.3% (95% confidence interval =19.8–34.8). No significant differences were observed in the independent variables.ConclusionIn conclusion, the prevalence of multimorbidity in this sample of elderly Mexican subjects was relatively low. The distribution across the included variables was not significantly different. Interventions focused on the health care of older adults with multimorbidity should pay special attention to cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and musculoskeletal disorders.

Training of Mexican elders as health promoters: a qualitative study.

The purpose of the study was to analyze the repercussion of a training program in gerontological health promotion addressed to senior citizens in a rural area in Mexico. The impact of the program was examined at two levels: first, with regard to the development of specific practices relating to primary health care and to the actual implementation of community health programs and, second, through the interpretive analysis of bodily inscriptions in the participants. Results gave evidence of a gradual empowering process among the elderly health promoters who consistently developed a position of responsibility and autonomy regarding the control of their lives and, at the same time, an increasingly open critical attitude with regard to the social role ascribed to them by the community. Furthermore, the knowledge, sense of and meanings that operated on the significant practices of the participants were consistently determined by the extent of their social capital and habitus. It was important to note that the intervention research program did not lead to permanent changes in the participants' habitus, whereas their main effects were associated to a greater consolidation of social support networks and to the acquisition of a salient position in their community given the symbolic cultural capital that represented having obtained an official certification. To conclude, a diversity of outcomes was evident in the participants as a result of the intervention program, depending on their personal biographies, social and cultural capitals, and on their particular positions within their community.

Physical Functionality In Mexican Elderly With Gerontological Care

Physical Functionality In Mexican Elderly With Gerontological Care

Effect Of Exercise On Cognitive Performance And Systemic Bdnf Levels In An Elderly Mexican Population

The ageing is a progressive process that reduces the functional abilities that affect the life in humans. Furthermore, studies have indicated that the ageing is associated with morphological changes in the hippocampus, the last condition seem induces cognitive deficiencies. PURPOSE: To determine the effect of a functional exercise training on cognitive performance and systemic BDNF in an elderly Mexican population. METHODS: 19 elderly-healthy participants (Age = 69. 1± 7.5 yr.; body weight (BW) = 74.3 ± 12.8 kg; height = 155 ± 0.7 cm; BMI = 29.7 ± 5.6 kg/m2) were recruited in this study. The subjects were randomly divided in two groups: Control (C; n=11; 10 women; 1 man) and Functional Exercise (FE; n=8; 6 women; 2 men). Before to start the FE program. The physical activity level (PA) and the years of education (YE) were determined in the groups. The PA was not statistically different in the groups (C: 6.24 ± 3.05 vs FE: 8.7 ± 1.49, p= 0.07). The YE was similar between the groups (C: 5.81 ± 1.5 vs FE: 6.9 ± 2.9 yr, p=0.3). After this, the FE program was applied. The protocol consisted in 36 sessions of aerobic and stretching exercises. 24 hours of finished, the exercise program the miminetal test and the 6-minute walking test (6 MWT) was applied in the two groups. The systemic BDNF levels at basal state also were evaluated. RESULTS: The FE walked more distance in the 6MWT compared with C (C: 329.1± 39.6 m vs EF: 844.4 ± 172.6, p< 0.01). The cognitive performance was better in FE with respect to C (C: 21.18±4.2 vs FE: 27.44 ± 0.8 (p<0.01). There was a positive correlation between the distance walked in the 6MWT and the cognitive performance (r=0.68, p<0.01). Finally, FE showed lower systemic BDNF levels than C (C: 18 676 ± 2264 pg/ml vs FE 15 766 ± 2064 pg/ml, p=0.01). CONCLUSION: The data of the present study suggest that FE to long-term improved the cognitive performance in older people. However, the last effect was not accompanied with a higher BDNF concentration in the periphery at least in a Mexican population.