Metropolitan Wastewater Research Articles

Strategies and management models for metropolitan wastewater, implementation and evaluation in the East Rand, South Africa

South Africa is a country where first world wastewater treatment technology and management must take into account third world related problems. In the past, the diversity of a large number of local authorities within the PWV area of South Africa aggravated the problem of proper wastewater management.On the East Rand in the Gauteng province of South Africa, the problem was attended to by means of a strategic analysis and strategic plan. In the evaluation of the options, the various wastewater management models in use in various regions of the world were evaluated. The investigation resulted in the formation of the ERWAT wastewater management model and implementation.The paper also evaluates the success of the wastewater management model utilizing the tariff model and other qualitative parameters.

Establishing a ChlorophyllaGoal for a Run-of-the-river Reservoir

ABSTRACT Lake Pepin, a 100 km2 run-of-the-river reservoir, is located on the Mississippi River about 80 km downstream of the Twin Cities metropolitan area on the border between Wisconsin and Minnesota. Amajor inter-agency study of Lake Pepin and the Mississippi River has been underway since 1990 for the purposes of determining the impacts of the effluentfrom the Metropolitan Waste Control Commission's Metropolitan Wastewater Treatment Facility on Lake Pepinand to predict the benefits of reducing effluent phosphorus levels to 1 mg L−1 or lower. Severe nuisance algal blooms and fish kills during the low flows of 1988 prompted this study. Understanding the reservoir limnology and factors contributing to user perception of “nuisance algal blooms” (in terms of chlorophyll a concentration or phytoplankton species composition), are important steps in developing a chlorophyll a goal for Lake Pepin. Based upon analyses of chlorophyll a data, phytoplankton composition, and user perception information, a summer mean...

Water Quality Modeling of Upper Mississippi River and Lake Pepin

There has been concern over the eutrophication in Lake Pepin in recent years, particularly following algal blooms and fish kills in 1988. Currently, the Metropolitan Wastewater Treatment Plant is the largest point source of phosphorus above the lake. In this study, the Environmental Protection Agency's EUTRO5 model was used to evaluate phosphorus control alternatives at the Metro Plant, using data from 1988, 1990, and 1991. Model results indicate that under summer low-flow conditions, the most optimistic improvement in Lake Pepin water quality would be to reduce the average chlorophyll a levels from 60 μg/L to 50 μg/L, still well above the goal of 30 μg/L. Chlorophyll a reductions are not expected under higher summer flow conditions such as those encountered in 1990 and 1991.

Nitrogen-specific liquid chromatography detector based on chemiluminescence: Application to the analysis of ammonium nitrogen in waste water

A novel high-performance liquid chromatography-chemiluminescent nitrogen detection (HPLC-CLND) system is described. The analysis of ammonium nitrogen in metropolitan waste water by a new ion chromatographic method is presented. The significance of this novel nitrogen-specific detector is the capability for a routine and continuous operation. HPLC-CLND applications for anion and particularly reversed-phase techniques are also amenable. A nitrogen-specific detector for liquid chromatography opens a new dimension of analytical chemistry.

Metropolitan Water Market Development: Seattle, Washington, 1887–1987

In many metropolitan areas it is common for a large central city to sell water to many of its surrounding suburban communities. In the Seattle, Washington metropolitan region, the city (population 494,000) provides water to 34 suburban cities and water districts with a total population of roughly 596,000. The development of this water market has its origins in the geographic pattern of metropolitan population and institutional development, water law, the economies of scale of water production, and the economic scarcity of clean, inexpensive water sources. Management and long‐range planning for such a system are reviewed and the advantages and disadvantages of this market system for Seattle and its customers are discussed. The de facto regionalization of the metropolitan water supply is contrasted with the de jure regionalization of metropolitan Seattle's wastewater system, which is managed jointly by the region's governments.

Measurement of radionuclides at metropolitan waste water (author's transl)

Measurement of radionuclides at metropolitan waste water (author's transl)