Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky Research Articles

Źródło idei ukraińskiego katolickiego uniwersytetu i dzieje jej realizacji w Ukrainie po 1991 r.

THE IDEA OF A UKRAINIAN CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY: ITS ORIGINS AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN UKRAINE AFTER 1991 The historical predecessors of the today’s Ukrainian Catholic University were the Greek-Catholic Theological Academy founded in 1928 in Lviv by Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky, and the Ukrainian Catholic University of St. Clemens the Pope in Rome, established by Metropolitan Josyf Slipyj in December 1963, after his release from the Soviet imprisonment. In 1994, the Lviv Theological Academy was restored in the independent Ukraine, and in 2002 it was transformed into a university. The very name of the institution reflects the three consecutive stages of its history. As first, during the interwar period, when Western Ukraine was within the borders of Poland, the principal task was to provide Ukrainian youth with a possibility to pursue higher studies in their native language. During the Soviet period, when the Greek-Catholic Church in Ukraine was banned and persecuted, the top priority was to maintain links with the Catholic world. Nowadays, in the independent Ukraine, the UCU seeks to become a new type of university offering an alternative to the post-Soviet educational approach and forming leaders to serve with professional excellence in Ukraine and internationally – for the glory of God, the common good, and the dignity of the human person.

The environment for the formation of the identity of the Greek Catholic metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky

The environment for the formation of the identity of the Greek Catholic metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky

Jorneys of the Greek Catholic Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky to the Russian Empire

Jorneys of the Greek Catholic Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky to the Russian Empire

Національний музей у Львові: 25-річчя меценатства Митрополита Андрея Шептицького

National Museum in Lviv: 25th anniversary of patronage of MetropoliThe National Museum is the first museum that represented the heritage of Ukrainian culture. It has become a center for the collection and preservation of ancient Ukrainian heritage, as well asits research and popularization in the world. Its creation, organization, activity and development took place thanks to the generous patronage of Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky. In this article the author analyzes the role of Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky in the development of national art and preservation of cultural monuments. Provides information about monetary donations of the Metropolitan for the National Museum in Lviv. The author describes the important contribution to the work of the museum its director Hilarion Svientsitsky. The article also mentions the museum’s rare exhibits and describes the institution’s publishing activities. The author paid special attention to the publication «Twentyfive years of the National Museum in Lviv», where welearn about the work of the museum during 1905–1930 years from the memories of its employees. It was analyzed how the museum’s funds were replenished, who and where collected exhibits, who hand edover their belongings to the museum. The article also talks about the destruction of the metropolitan’s monument and the destruction of museum exhibition 1952. Keywords: Andrey Sheptytsky, patronage, Andrey Sheptytsky National Museum in Lviv, Hilarion Svientsitsky, icons, monuments of antiquity, collectiontan Sheptytsky

Malarstwo ścienne Modesta Sosenki. Charakterystyka stylu na podstawie reprezentatywnych przykładów

In the considerable creative legacy of the Ukrainian artist Modest Sosenko (1875–1920), the murals and sacred easel paintings he created for more than ten Galician churches deserve special attention. His contemporaries noted that the artist’s sacred works were characterised by his own ‘Sosenko style’, which boldly and organically combined Byzantine traditions reinterpreted by 16 th – and 17 th – century masters with modern European stylistic requirements of the turn of the 19 th and 20 th centuries. He was a pioneer who paved the way for the development of modern church art, which was helped by the circumstances of his life. After acquiring a thorough European professional education during his studies in Kraków as well as in Munich and Paris thanks to a scholarship funded by Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky, Sosenko returned to Galicia and, continuing his mentor’s activities in the field of museums, became a full-time employee of the Church (later National) Museum. His direct contact with old monuments of iconography, manuscripts and incunabula, and folk art allowed him to gain a deep understanding of the peculiarities of Ukrainian national art. Thus, the combination of his personal talent, professional knowledge and museum experience, as well as his close relationship with the head of the Greek Catholic Church – Andrey Sheptytsky, who directed all his efforts towards the revival of the high culture of decorating the sacred space of Eastern Rite churches, gave birth to an intellectual artist, ready to take up the challenge of the present day. However, it is not possible to appreciate Sosenko’s achievements in their entirety. The warfare in the region during the two world wars of the 20 th century, the years of Soviet rule, which was intolerant of cultural, national and spiritual heritage, and even the first years of Ukrainian independence, were not conducive to the preservation of the churches and their decoration. As a result, researchers are forced to conclude that most of Sosenko’s works have been irretrievably lost. The artist’s sources of inspiration, the specific composition of his monumental artworks, the range of colours, the ideological and aesthetic programme can only be reconstructed on the basis of the decorations of two churches in the Lviv region: St. Michael the Archangel in the village of Pidberizci and the Holy Resurrection in the village of Poliany, by making comparisons with fragments of lost murals recorded in archival photographs, and by adding the decoration, already after restoration toning, of the artist’s last sacred object – St. Nicholas Church in Zolochiv. Even such scattered data make it possible to observe many of the author’s characteristics, to determine the process of the formation of Sosenko’s distinct individual artistic style, to which this study is dedicated.

Politics of memory in Ukraine. A case study on the commemoration of Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky

The aim of the paper is to scrutinize activities related to the commemoration of Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky. There were three main goals of the research. The first one was to identify the most important actors of the commemorative activities. The second goal was to reconstruct the strategies applied by these agents. Thirdly, this research aimed to consider current processes in the Ukrainian political system. In particular, the question was what we can know about the evolution of these commemorative activities after the Euromaidan based on relations between different agents in the mnemonic field. Special emphasis was placed on Sheptytsky’s attitude during the Holocaust and on the impact of this topic on the commemorative activities. As a theoretical framework of the research, Jan Kubik and Michael Bernhard’s theory of the politics of memory was applied. The research enabled verification of some elements of Kubik and Bernhard’s concept. Inter alia it was an issue of a set of presumptions regarding interrelations between strategies applied by mnemonic actors, the structure of mnemonic regime, and prospects for democratization of a political system.

Family Education Through the Lens of Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky’s Views

In the current context, we are confronted with controversial views on the family and family education, which are caused by the complex conditions in which the family organism must function. Therefore, it is important to study the views of the past eminent figures on family education for the purposes of predicting the ways of development of the modern family. Andrey Sheptytsky, the head of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, viewed the role of the family and the peculiarities of its educational function in the context of the neo-Thomism philosophy, but the characteristic feature of his views is democracy. He professed the democratism of family relations between spouses, as well as between parents and children. He expressed his views on the main goals of family education, its content and methods, which remain largely relevant today.

Information and registration tool for optimization of record management processes of the institution

The relevance of the research topic consists in the fact that not every organization can purchase and use information systems to automate record management processes of its activities. This research suggests a model of creating an information resource to optimize the record management processes of the “Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky Hospital” Charitable Foundation implemented on the basis of a website for internal use using intranet technologies without large financial costs.
 The aim of the paper is to determine the effectiveness of the introduction of the website developed on the basis of intranet technologies for optimization of record management processes in a medical institution on the example of the “Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky Hospital” Charitable Foundation.
 The methodology has been implemented using the method of a “goal tree” and the method of functional modeling, namely the use of DFD in Gane-Sarson notation, which proposes to consider the simulated process of creating an information resource of record management processes. To achieve this goal, a methodology based on the application of general scientific and special methods of cognition has been used in the paper.
 The results. The informational and functional model of creating the information resource in a website format for internal use on the basis of intranet technologies has been suggested to ensure the optimization of basic record management processes, which will allow making analysis and systematization of data on various search criteria.
 The topicality. It has been proposed for the first time to create the information resource for optimizing the record management processes of the medical institution on the basis of the website for internal use using intranet technologies. The proposed technology of creating the record-keeping information resource can be adapted not only for small medical institutions, but also for any organizations, which need to automate the functioning of document flows, increase the accuracy and efficiency of statistical, analytical and reference information.
 The practical significance. The website designed on the basis of intranet technologies allows to organize the shared use of the record management information resource by the employees of the institution, equipping it with electronic catalogues and search details, which will facilitate the processes of analytical and synthetic information processing, compilation of reporting documentation, etc.
 The conclusions. The developed and implemented website model for internal use on the basis of intranet technologies ensures automation of basic record management processes of the institution and provides ample opportunities to improve the information and communication interaction of the institution’s head with the employees of the divisions.

ЮРІЙ ЛИПА – ЛІКАР І ГРОМАДЯНИН (До 120-річчя від дня народження)

Yuriy Lypa, born May 5, 1900 in Odessa (alternatively – in Stari Sanzhary in Poltava region) as a young man involved in the liberation struggle of the Ukrainian people in the Haidamatsky Division, as well as the launch of the Marine Corps of the UPR Armed Forces. He studied medicine at the University of Poznan (1922 - 1929), and at the same time conducted social and political work among students – Ukrainians in the secret society organized by him – the Black Sea corporation. He acts as a spokesman for the European integration of Ukraine and its religious unity. Author of poetic collections «Excellency», «Harshness», and others, the novel «Cossacks in Muscovy» (191934), collections of storys «Notebook». The great belief in the supreme idea of ​​Ukraine, its traditions, spiritual strength, orientation towards Europe, work on its own style, struggle again  provincialism, Little Russian witchcraft and tearful lyricism are the basic slogans and principles that young writers created. Interspersed with these ideas, overflowing with the spirit of struggle for the Ukrainian idea, in 1931 the second collection of poems of Yuri Lypa with such a characteristic name – «Harshness» appeared. «The Appointment of Ukraine» (1938), «The Black Sea Doctrine» (1940), and «The Distribution of Russia» (1941), which outline the current principles and directions of Ukrainian geopolitics. He was co-creator of the Ukrainian Black Sea Emigration Institute in Warsaw, a scientific institution to study the political and economic problems facing Ukraine after independence. While in emigration he thoroughly studied phytotherapy, published a number of articles and textbooks on phytotherapy, a number of his works are cited in Polish works to this day. In 1943 he moved to Yavoriv near Lviv, where he worked as a doctor and trained sanitary personnel for the Ukrainian Insurgent Army, assisting the soldiers of that army as a battalion doctor (colonel). Arguably arrested and savagely murdered by Soviet special services on August 20, 1944. This publication covers the history of honoring the memory of Yuri Lypa by Lviv physicians, his activities as a phytotherapist, and his collaboration with Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky.

Розвиток християнської моралі дітей в українському дошкіллі на початку ХХ століття

Формування духовного світу особистості дитини – важлива проблема сьогодення. Одним із чинників цього складного процесу є християнська мораль. У статті проаналізовано розвиток християнської моралі дітей в українському дошкіллі Галичини на початку ХХ століття. Розкрито внесок Української греко-католицької церкви (УГКЦ), митрополита Андрея Шептицького, священика і педагога Юліана Дзеровича, жіночих чернечих згромаджень, освітніх і громадських діячів у процес навчання та виховання дітей, їхній фізичний та моральний розвиток, формування духовності, виховання патріотичних почуттів. Показано діяльність українських громадських товариства в цій царині. Схарактеризовано організаційну структуру українського громадського дошкілля. Автори стверджують про тісний зв’язок національного та християнського (релігійного) виховання в українському дошкіллі. Початки релігійно-етичного виховання дитина отримувала від матері в ранньому дитинстві (вивчення дитячих молитов, перші пояснення про Христа та святих, навчання поведінки в церкві тощо), потім розширювала, поглиблювала вихователька, навчаючи молитов, колядок, дитячих оповідань релігійного жанру, розповідаючи про добро та милосердя, які сповідував Господь. Крізь призму своїх переживань, почуттів дитина пізнавала основи християнської правди.

The role and place of the magazine "Missionary" in the founding of the secular order of St. Basil the Great in the UGCC

The article is intended to acquaint a reader with that important role and place of the Basilian periodical Misionar which it played in the foundation of the Lay Order of Saint Basil the Great in the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church by the Righteous Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky. The article investigates the initial period of the foundation of the Lay Order of Saint Basil the Great, which was covered in the pages of the periodical Misionar in 1897-1898. The Lay Order of Saint Basil the Great, the earliest name of which is the Brotherhood of Law of Saint Basil the Great, was founded at the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church in the time of the Dobromil's reform of the Basilian Order in 1897 by the hegumen of the monastery of Saint Onuphrius in Lviv, father Andrey Sheptytsky, the Order of Saint Basil the Great, the future metropolitan. In the pages of the periodical Misionar, which was also founded by the hegumen and father Andrey Sheptytsky, the Order of Saint Basil the Great, in May in the year of 1897, within June 1897 - December 1898 the materials were published relating to the earliest period of the foundation of the Lay Order of Saint Basil the Great. This is the period when the father A. Sheptytsky, the Order of Saint Basil the Great, fulfilled the duties of the hegumen of Lviv Monastery until August 26, 1898 and later was appointed as a Professor of moral and dogmatic theology at Krystynopol. The first editor of the periodical was the father Platonid Filias, the Order of Saint Basil the Great. By the time the father A. Sheptytsky, the Order of Saint Basil the Great, became the Stanislavsky bishop (1899), he was also the responsible editor of the periodical Misionar. The hegumen and father Andrey Sheptytsky, the Order of Saint Basil the Great, having founded Misionar and having founded the centres of the Brotherhood of Law, used the periodical to popularize the Brotherhood of Law and its development, thus encouraging readers to the perfect Christian life in the world in the community of Brotherhood in order to do good deeds for the benefit of all “Russ community” by joint efforts. The periodical provided information about the formation of centres of the Brotherhood of Law in localities, where the Basilian missions took place. The articles were printed that contributed to the formation of new centres and spiritual formation of community members. In particular, under the heading “The Life of the Saints”, the Basilian fathers, telling about the life of Saint Dalmat, his son Favstva and Saint Isaac, encouraged readers of Misionar to imitate the life of these Saints, the monastic life in the world and the formation of monasteries in villages, like the monastery of St. Isaac. They advised how this could be done. In the heading of the periodical “Misionarski Visti” [Missionary News], it was reported in which localities the centres of the Brotherhood of Law were founded. From May till December 1898, the story “The Christian community” was printed in 12 issues of the periodical that described the life of the law and the Christian life in general. These articles contributed to the spiritual formation of the members of the founded Brotherhood of Law and all readers of the periodical as well as the introduction of the “Rules of St. Father N. Vasyl V. for Mirsky people”, which were concluded by the hegumen and father Andrey Sheptytsky, the Order of Saint Basil the Great for the Brotherhood. Thus, favourable conditions were created for the foundation and development of the Lay Order of Saint Basil the Great, and the periodical Misionar played a special role in this. We can assert that the periodical Misionar occupies an honourable place in the entire now more than 120-year history of the existence and activities of the Lay Order of Saint Basil the Great in the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church.

Ecumenical and ecological mission of Metropolitan Andrei Sheptytsky: service to Christ's Church and people

The aim is to highlight the ecumenical and ecological mission of Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky, the head of the UGCC, in the context of spiritual activity as the spiritual leader of the Ukrainian nation, serving God, the Church of Christ and the laity-pastors. The emphasis is on ecumenism and the environmental sphere in order to trace the relevance and development in the dynamics. During the writing of the article, the methodology of scientific objectivity, historicism and critical analysis of the elaborated sources, with methods: structural-functional (component analysis), comparative-historical (comparative), typological, was used. Theoretical developments in the fields of related disciplines are taken into account: religious studies, sociology, ecology, cultural studies, psychology, demography, pedagogy. This defined a multidisciplinary approach that allowed comprehensive and comprehensive coverage of the problem. The study analyzed the ecumenical activity of Metropolitan A. Sheptytsky, which was aimed at uniting all Christian denominations in Ukraine and the world into a single congregation of the Apostolic Church for the joint service of the Lord. Sheptytsky's contribution to the development of environmental affairs on the territory of Eastern Galicia is considered and appreciated, his role in shaping the religious outlook of all strata of the Ukrainian population is highlighted.

From the history of ultramontanism in Galicia: the role of the University of Innsbruck in the formation of ideas and views of Onufriy Volyansky

Based on the epistolary and journalistic legacy of the Greek Catholic priest Onufriy Volyansky and on the example of his life the studies at the Faculty of Theology at the University of Innsbruck as one of the main ways of spreading of the ultramontanism among the Greek Catholic clergy of Galicia in the early twentieth century are analyzed. It is noticed that although ultramontanism as an ideologi-cal phenomenon was, first of all, widespread in the Roman Catholic Church, it also had an important impact on the ideological atmosphere within the Greek Catholic clergy and, in general, on Ukrainian society in Galicia. It is marked that ideas of Onufriy Volyansky were the most striking example of ultramontanism among Ukrainian clergy in Galicia. It is highlighted that for the first time in Ukrainian historiography the impact of Innsbruck studies on Volyansky`s worldview and, in general, examples of ultramontanism in Ukrainian society of Galicia in the early twentieth century are investigated. It is shown that the example of Volyansky’s impressions and experiences, the conservative and ultramon-tane nature of the Faculty of Theology at the University of Innsbruck, the selection of teaching staff and studying programs – all of that clearly demonstrated the key role of Innsbruck in forming of his ultramontane worldview. It is approved that the most notable was the impact of Catholic dogmatic studies (which received much less attention at the Greek Catholic Seminary in Lviv) and lectures on the social mission of the clergy in the modern age. It is summarized that comparison of Volyansky’s letters and his press articles shows that social issues became the most popular topic in his future writ-ings not only because of his own interests but also as a consequence of the unfavorable for the Greek Catholic clergy ideological atmosphere of the early twentieth century – a time of secularization and growing popularity of radical, often anti-church and anti-religious, movements. At the same time, the insurmountable obstacles that led to the failure of ultramontanism both among the Ukrainian and Polish clergy and societies in Galicia are defined. It is also added that a separate aspect of the studied topic is the role of Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky in spreading of this ideological trend among Ukrainian theology students, including Onufriy Volyansky.Keywords: Onufriy Volyansky, the University of Innsbruck, ultramontanism, theology, social issue, Galicia, Andrey Sheptytsky

RUSSIAN GREEK-CATHOLIC CHURCH: HISTORY, CANONICAL STATUS AND LEGAL REGULATION OF ACTIVITIES

The purpose of the study is to reveal the history of the Russian Greek Catholic Church and the development of state-confessional relations. The methodological basis of the research was provided, in particular, by the dialectical method of scientific knowledge. Dialectical logic ensures observance of the general principles of scientific knowledge. The method of comparison is used to establish similarities and differences between historical and legal phenomena and legislative processes in the environment of the Russian Greek Catholic Church, as well as in identifying common features of the problems studied. There is also a historical method applied. The scientific novelty of the study is to uncover the history of the development of the Russian Greek Catholic Church and the formation of state-confessional relations in the context of ecumenical dialogue between Catholics and Orthodox Christians. Conclusions. The Russian Greek Catholic Church originated and evolved through the care of such prominent hierarchs of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church as Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky and Patriarch Joseph Slipyj. The years of communist persecution did not become an obstacle to the preservation of the Russian Greek Catholic Church in Russia and in exile. And after the fall of the communist regime, the Russian Greek Catholic Church emerged from the underground. For Russia, its own uniates – a hint of the possibility of "alternative history" in which there is no rigid opposition to the West itself. The development of positive trends in the field of state-church relations in the last years will be the more successful, the sooner the Russian Federation (at federal and regional levels) will be able to abandon the inertia of the past decades, when state-church relations were seen as something third in the hierarchy of its interests.

ПЕРЕЖИТИ ГОЛОКОСТ У СХІДНІЙ ГАЛИЧИНІ: АКЦІЇ ПОРЯТУНКУ ГРЕКО-КАТОЛИЦЬКОЇ ЦЕРКВИ У СВІДЧЕННЯХ РАБИНА ДАВИДА КАГАНЕ ТА КУРТА ЛЕВІНА

Східна Галичина, що входила до складу Другої Речі Посполитої в міжвоєнний період, була приєднана до Радянського Союзу у вересні 1939 р. Розпад Польської держави та подальша німецька окупація Галичини (1941–1944 рр.) спричинили напругу у відносинах між основними етнічними групами регіону – українцями, поляками та євреями.
 Більшість українців у Східній Галичині належали до Української греко-католицької церкви (УГКЦ), очолюваної митрополитом Андреєм Шептицьким. Намагаючись відвернути антиєврейське насильство, глава УГКЦ звертався до уряду недовговічної Української держави, нацистської влади, греко-католицького духовенства та пастви. Пастирські листи Шептицького «Про милосердя» (червень 1942 р.) та «Не вбий» (листопад 1942 р.) містять непрямі висловлювання проти Голокосту. До того ж щонайменше 200 єврейських чоловіків, жінок і дітей пережили Другу світову війну завдяки ініціативам порятунку митрополита Андрея Шептицького, його брата Климентія Шептицького – настоятеля Унівської лаври, та їхнього оточення. Серед врятованих були представники двох рабинських родин у Львові, а саме доктора Езекіїля Левіна – рабина прогресивної синагоги Львова, та рабина Давида Кагане. Якщо рабин Левін, його дружина та молодший син загинули під час Голокосту, то його два старших сини, Курт і Натан, а також рабин Давид Кагане разом із дружиною та дочкою були врятовані митрополитом Шептицьким та греко-католицькими монахами Студійського уставу.
 У цій статті розглянуто ініціативи порятунку євреїв з боку представників греко-католицької ієрархії та монахів-студитів крізь призму розповідей врятованих. Дослідження ґрунтується насамперед на «Щоденнику львівського гетто» Давида Кагане, а також на спогадах Курта Левіна, документах із колекції Відділу Праведників народів світу в Яд Вашем у Єрусалимі та інтерв’ю Левіна з Архіву візуальної історії Фонду Шоа Університету Південної Каліфорнії.
 Метою статті є дослідити ініціативи порятунку братів Шептицьких та монахів-студитів під час німецької окупації Галичини (1941–1944 рр.) через спогади і розповіді в его-документах тих, хто пережив Голокост.
 Ключові слова: Греко-Католицька Церква, Голокост, порятунок євреїв, митрополит Шептицький, студити, Східна Галичина.

Review of the Monograph by Volodymyr Basarab: The Concept of the State-Building and the National-Patriotic Ideas Presented by Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky. Uzhhorod: “Grazhda” publishing, 2019. 232 p.

The review analyzes the monograph by Volodymyr Basarab: The Concept of the State-Building and the National-Patriotic Ideas Presented by Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky. Uzhhorod: “Grazhda” publishing, 2019. 232 p.   Vehesh, M., & Vidnyanskyj, S. (2019). Review of the Monograph by Volodymyr Basarab: The Concept of the State-Building and the National-Patriotic Ideas Presented by Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky. Uzhhorod:  “Grazhda” publishing, 2019. 232 p. Mìžnarodnì zv’âzki Ukraïni: naukovì pošuki ì znahìdki – The International relations of Ukraine: scientific searches and findings, 28, 398-410 [in Ukrainian].

Sowing on Good Soil: Canadian Scholarship on the Ukrainian Church(es)

This essay surveys material published between 1950 and 2016 by Canadian scholars who studied Ukrainian church history and theology. Particular attention is paid to works produced by members of the Eastern-rite Redemptorist and Basilian religious orders and by scholars at St. Andrew’s College and the University of Manitoba in Winnipeg, the University of Toronto and the University of St. Michael’s College in Toronto, the Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies at the University of Alberta, and the Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky Institute of Eastern Christian Studies in Ottawa.

UKRAINIAN CHURCH IN SEARCH OF IDENTITY: GREEK-CATHOLIC STUDIES IN THE INTERWAR LVIV

During the interwar years, the problem of self-affirmation for the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (UGCC), the search for its identity was necessary. Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky called for church-historical research, especially church-ritual history, Byzantine (Greek) liturgy comparing the situation of the UGCC with the time of the Union of Brest.This article shows the contribution of Ukrainian historians who lived and worked in the interwar period in Lviv. They studied the history of the Ukrainian Church, its rites, and the role of the Ukrainian people. Proceeding from the mentioned purpose, they also studied the conditions of development, organizational and institutional peculiarities and concepts of the religious ceremonial practices of the Greek Catholic studies.In the opinion of Metropolitan Andrey, the success of the implementation of «union plans» depends on a careful study of the history of the Church and the Byzantine rite and liturgy. The significant efforts of the Metropolitan were to organize the study of the history of the Ukrainian Church in the Ukrainian territory. Lviv was the place of the greatest concentration of interwar Ukrainian scholarly Greek Catholic centers where church-historical experiments were put on professional level. Here the Ukrainian church-historical science was represented by: the centers of the UGCC (Theological Scientific Society and its printed organs (the magazine «Theology», the multi-volume «Proceedings of the BNT», the series «Publishing BNT», etc.)), the National Museum of Lviv, the Archive of Union History, the Basilian Scientific Center (Central Basilian Archives and Library and the Magazine «Notes of the Order of St. Basil the Great»).The great interest of scholars raised the issue of the origins of Christianity and the beginnings of religious ritual practice in Ukraine. According to their studies, from the very beginning of its existence, the Ukrainian Church used the Greek rite Byzantine liturgy, which in general did not prevent it from creating an original Christian culture and not endangering the loss of individuality.In order to reconstruct the ancient ritual forms, traditions and customs, Lviv scholars paid special attention to the study of the church ritual of the time of the adoption of the Union of Brest in 1596 and then afterwards. The scholars expressed the view that the independence of the Ukrainian Church was guaranteed only with the inviolability of the Eastern rituals tradition. However, this was hampered by the pressure of latinization, which began to be acutely manifested after the conclusion of the Union of Brest.

Volodyslav Fedorovich and the Cultural Development of Galicia at the End of XIX – at the Beginning XX Century

The aim of the research is to highlight the contribution of Volodyslav Fedorovich to the culture of Galicia, to analyze its influence on the development of at the same time art. Research methodology. Methods of historical and art-study analysis are used. Scientific novelty. Volodyslav Fedorovich’s facts of life, organizational and patronage activity were introduced for the first time. Conclusions. The contribution of V. Fedorovich to the culture of Galicia and the degree of patronage over its prominent figures can not be overemphasized. Who knows how the fate of the last days of social and political conflicts would have prevailed, if not patronage of an educated landowner-patriot. Today, even a cursory review of the life path of V. Fedorovich testifies to the uniqueness of this figure, which, for the sake of the development of the Galicia culture, can be compared to the figure of Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky.

The Start of the Jews Rescue Campaign by the Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky in August 1942

Start of the campaign for the rescue of the Jews by the Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky in August 1942 is studied in the article. The author begins with an analysis of the August campaign in 1942 as a massive Holocaust of Lvivʼs Jewish community. He focuses on the fact that a foreboding of imminent catastrophe felt by some Jews led them, in despair, to address the Head of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. A visit of Rabbis Dawid Kahane and Kalman Chameides started the campaign for the rescue of Jewish children from Lviv Ghetto. Active rescue efforts regarding adult Jews were made during the August operation. Some sources allow us to assert that sheltering the Jews in cellars of St. Georgeʼs Cathedral architectural complex was not a one-time act of commitment but an ongoing rescue operation under conditions of growing genocide. Events that took place in August 1942 became the turning point for Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky and Lviv Jews and their relationship, since they started the process of rescuing people deprived of the right to live by the Nazis. This rescuing campaign developed during the following months of autumn 1942.