Recent years have seen substantial expansion of scientific and technical fields associated with device operation in the low-temperature region below 20 K. This has been due both to advances in cryogenic instrument building, improvement of technology for fabricating Josephson junctions and superconducting quantum interferometers, and their broad introduction into research and at the practical innovation level and to the demand for precision instruments in various disciplines, ranging from geophysics to biomedical science. The strong recent interest in the low-temperature region in metrology has been due mainly to the prospects that have opened up for converting the standards base to natural physical units. The improvement of the standard volt on the basis of the Josephson effect, the development of an ohm standard on the basis of the quantum Hall effect, the creation of an ampere standard, and the introduction of SQUIDs into metrological practice have specifically been complicated by the inadequate metrological characteristics of one obligatory component of all these devices, i.e., resistors suitable for operation at cryogenic temperatures. Development andinvestigation of cryoresistors has become very urgent in connection with the discovery and prospective use of high-temperature superconductivity.