Removal Of Methylene Blue Dye Research Articles

A comprehensive study on pomegranate (Punicagranatum) peels as a low-cost biosorbent: adsorption mechanisms, application, regeneration, and cost analysis.

This study investigates the potential of utilizing pomegranate peel, a waste material, as an environmentally friendly adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from wastewater. The novelty of this study lies in producing a competitive adsorbent (96% removal in a reasonably short contact time), very low cost, from a biowaste material and in providing cost analysis, regeneration method, application, and a mechanism based on a set of results that are in harmony with each other. Characterization of the purified pomegranate (Punicagranatum) peels (PP) inferred remarkable acidic sites. The MB removal was observed to increase with increasing dosages of adsorbent, contact time (93-94% removal took place in the first 30-40min), agitation speed (the amount of MB removed increased with increasing agitation speed up to 160 rpm), pH (increasing solution pH up to pH 8.0, the removal efficiency of MB by PP increased), and MB initial concentrations. The experimental results of MB adsorption on PP were best fitted to the Temkin isotherm model and the kinetic studies showed that the adsorption rate was best fitted to the pseudo-second-order (PSO) model showing a correlation coefficient R2 of 0.969-0.991. Thermodynamic investigations demonstrated that the removal of MB dye utilizing PP may be due to a spontaneous, electrostatic, chemical, and exothermic interaction with a heterogeneous adsorption mechanism. Adsorption is anticipated to begin with attraction between cationic MB and negatively charged active functional groups on adsorbent's surface, soon to be followed by multisite chemical interaction. The results (up to 96% removal) show that pomegranate peels could be used as a potential eco-friendly, cost-effective, and efficient biosorbent for dye removal from wastewaters. With an average removal effectiveness of 86.8%, PP were successfully utilized to remove MB from MB-spiked actual river water samples.

Silica-integrated chemically modified human hair waste: A novel nanocomposite for efficient removal of methylene blue dye from water

Silica-integrated chemically modified human hair waste: A novel nanocomposite for efficient removal of methylene blue dye from water

Silver nanowires/chitosan-derived porous carbon sheets nanocomposite for the efficient removal of crystal violet and methylene blue dyes from wastewater

Silver nanowires/chitosan-derived porous carbon sheets nanocomposite for the efficient removal of crystal violet and methylene blue dyes from wastewater

Applicability of Ni@ZnO polymer nanocomposite as an adsorbent for removal of methylene blue dye from synthetic wastewater: Batch studies and multilinear regression (MLR) modeling.

Synthetic organic dye such as methylene blue (MB) is non-biodegradable and highly toxic, released from textile wastewater. This work investigates the applicability of Ni@ZnO polymer nanocomposite for MB removal from the wastewater. To understand their differences before and after MB adsorption, composites' surface morphology was characterized by various techniques including scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transformation infrared (FT-IR) and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The adsorption mechanism of target pollutants by the composites was also studied based on isotherm and kinetic models. The correlation between the optimized conditions and the percentage removal was further studied by applying multi linear regression (MLR) model. At the same concentration of 100mg/L, it was found that under optimized conditions of 1g/L of adsorbent, pH 7.5, and 190min of reaction time, about 94% and 98% of MB removal were attained, respectively. Inspite of thepromising results, treated effluents were still unable to meet the required discharge standards of less than 1mg/L mandated by local legislation. Furthermore, the MB adsorption by the composite was based on attractive electrostatic interactions. Overall, this study not only provides insights into the adsorption efficiency, but also evaluates the recyclability and stability of the adsorbent, addressing key challenges in practical wastewater treatment. By integrating its novel aspects, this work contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the Ni@ZnO composite's potential in environmental applications, distinguishing this work from existing literature on MB adsorption.

Novel palm peat lignocellulosic adsorbent derived from agricultural residues for efficient methylene blue dye removal from textile wastewater

Palm Peat (PP), the world’s first rich lignocellulosic medium derived from date palm agricultural residues, has not been previously explored for environmental purification. This study evaluates PP's performance in adsorbing methylene blue (MB) dye. PP is characterized by a spongy, porous structure with a surface area of 16 m2/g. It possesses a significant carbon and oxygen composition and features active surface functional groups. Under conditions of 30 mg/L initial MB concentration, 1 g/L PP dose, T = 30 °C, pH 7, and 900 rpm stirring speed, PP achieved a 68.26% MB removal efficiency within 90 min. Although higher temperatures enhanced MB removal efficiencies, room temperature (30 °C) was chosen for subsequent experiments to assess adsorption performance under ambient conditions and minimize energy consumption. Stirring speeds exceeding 900 rpm reduce MB removal efficiency, likely due to shear forces disrupting the interaction between MB molecules and PP or causing desorption of previously adsorbed dye molecules. Response surface methodology combined with a central composite design was employed to optimize the initial MB concentration, PP dosage, and solution pH. Under the optimum conditions, PP achieved 97.89% MB removal. PP exhibited strong stability over five adsorption cycles. Adsorption occurs via π-π stacking, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic-hydrophobic interactions, and electrostatic interaction with the process being endothermic and following the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption efficiency studies across different water matrices revealed the lowest degradation rate in the drain water matrix. PP achieved 71.5% MB removal and 48.16% TOC removal from real textile wastewater.

Adsorptive removal of toxic methylene blue and crystal violet dyes from aqueous solutions using Prunus spinosa: isotherm, kinetic, thermodynamic, and error analysis

Abstract In this study, it was aimed to use Prunus spinosa L. fruit pulp as an adsorbent zero-waste and low-cost for the removal of toxic methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV) dyes from aqueous solutions. The adsorbent was characterized utilizing FTIR-ATR, SEM, and pHpzc tests. The pHpzc value of the adsorbent is 4.96. According to optimization experiments, the optimum adsorbent dosage was determined as 0.05 g/50 mL for MB and CV dyes, the optimum pH values were determined as approximately 7 for MB and CV dyes, and the optimum contact time was determined as 45 min for MB and 30 min for CV dyes. The Langmuir model has been used to calculate the maximum adsorption capacities of MB and CV dyes at a temperature of 298 K. The obtained values are 59.59 mg/g for MB and 53.19 mg/g for CV. The experimental data for Prunus spinosa L. for both dyes exhibited a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. According to error analyses, the reproducibility and applicability of isotherm and kinetic models were investigated. From thermodynamic results, the enthalpy values were calculated as − 42.04 kJ/mol for MB and − 24.08 kJ/mol for CV dyes, which indicates that the process is exothermic. Also, the Gibbs free energies of MB and CV dyes were determined as − 34.20 kJ/mol and − 32.33 kJ/mol at 298 K, which indicates the process is spontaneous. Research and comparisons with other adsorbents have demonstrated that Prunus spinosa L. is a cost-effective and appealing choice for removing MB and CV dyes from water solutions. Graphical Abstract

Efficient Phytoremediation of Methyl Red and Methylene Blue Dyes from Aqueous Solutions by Juncus effusus.

The contamination of water with dyes stemming from the discharge of industrial waste poses significant environmental risks and health concerns. In this study, the phytoremediation potential of the wetland plant Juncus effusus was investigated (as a function of plant biomass, pH, contact time, and initial dye concentration) for the removal of methylene blue and methyl red dyes from wastewater. The experimental adsorption capacities under the optimum conditions were found to be 1.421 and 1.038 mg g-1 plant wet weight for methylene blue and methyl red, respectively. Pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models were employed to determine the kinetics of the phytoremediation adsorption process. The pseudo-second-order model was found to be the most suitable for both methylene blue and methyl red. The results were found to conform to the Freundlich equilibrium isotherm, with a correlation of R 2 ≥ 0.99 for removal of both dyes. Confirmation of dye uptake by the plant was determined by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Additionally, direct analysis in real time-high-resolution mass spectrometry (DART-HRMS) analysis of plant roots is reported here for the first time as a means to investigate dye degradation by plant roots.

Optimizing ultrasonic-assisted liquid–liquid extraction for an efficient removal of methylene blue dye from wastewater

Optimizing ultrasonic-assisted liquid–liquid extraction for an efficient removal of methylene blue dye from wastewater

Three different methods for ZnO-RGO nanocomposite synthesis and its adsorption capacity for methylene blue dye removal in a comparative study

Water is one of the vital needs of life. However, due to rapid industrialization, urbanization and lack of awareness, the world population now facing the threat of water shortage. To ensure that future living conditions are preserved, it is crucial to reduce water pollution and protect the ecosystem. Zinc oxide- reduced graphene oxide (ZnO-RGO) nanocomposite is used in this study as an adsorbent for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye from an aqueous solution. An easy strategy was used for the synthesis of reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles (RGO), Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) and ZnO-RGO nanocomposite. The synthesis of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was accomplished through the exothermic reaction of a modified Hummer's method. In a novel approach, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized using the green Leidenfrost technique. This study presents a comparative investigation of ZnO-RGO nanocomposite synthesis employing both green and chemical methods. Three distinct approaches were utilized to prepare the ZnO-RGO nanocomposite: (1) the innovative Leidenfrost green method for composite A1, (2) a chemical precipitation method for composite A2, and (3) a physical mixing sonication method for composite A3. This research marks the first application of the Leidenfrost technique in the synthesis of ZnO-RGO nanocomposites, contributing to the growing body of knowledge in this field. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Burnauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Zeta potential, transmittance electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses are conducted for synthesized sample characterization. Comparing the XRD patterns of the three synthesis methods, it is notable that the intensity peaks of composite A3 were the highest when ZnO was synthesized using a green method, indicating a higher degree of crystallinity. FTIR analysis approves that combining ZnO with RGO affects the functional groups of the three nanocomposite surfaces. The SEM analysis shows ZnO NPs and RGO sheets are incorporated together. In the case of A1 composite sharp angles make a flower shape was observed due to the unique synthesizing method. The surface area for A2 composite is the highest (7.29 m2/g) compared with A1 (2.91 m2/g) and A3(1.90 m2/g). A comparison study is made among the three nanocomposites for MB dye removal. The effect of adsorbent dose, pH, contact time and initial dye concentration on dye adsorption has been studied. The results show that A1 and A2 nanocomposites removed 85.5 and 87.5% of MB at the optimum adsorbent dose of 0.15 g/100 ml at pH8 and A3 removed 95% of MB at the optimum dose of 0.1 g/100 ml at pH 2. All three composites exhibited adherence to the Langmuir isotherm model, with correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.9858, 0.9904, and 0.9959 for A1, A2, and A3, respectively. Kinetic study results demonstrated that the pseudo-second-order model best described the adsorption process for all three composites, yielding R2 values of 0.9998, 0.9988, and 1.0000 for A1, A2, and A3, respectively. The A3 nanocomposite shows the highest adsorption capacity (104.5 mg/g) compared to the other composites (87.7 and 97.5 mg/g for A1 and A2, respectively). Desorption experiments revealed that the dye removal percentages varied with the ratio of the ethanol–water mixture used. Absolute ethanol achieved a 90% removal compared with 1:1 and 1:2 aqueous ethanol solutions (87.5% and 80%, respectively).

Green synthesis of Ag-Fe bimetallic nanoparticles using fungal filtrates: unlocking multifunctional medical and environmental applications.

The current investigation focuses on synthesizing Ag-Fe bimetallic nanoparticles (AgFe-BMNPs) using cell-free filtrates of the Gymnascella dankaliensis as a novel fungal reducing agent. The optical, morphological, and surface properties of these fungus-fabricated AgFe-BMNPs and their monometallic counterparts (AgNPs and FeNPs) were analyzed using sophisticated nanotechnology instruments. The UV-visible spectrum showed peaks at 231 nm and 415 nm for BMNPs and 450 nm and 386 nm for AgNPs and FeNPs, respectively. XRD diffractograms revealed crystallographic peaks at 32.96°, 35.32°, and 49.32° for AgFe-BMNPs with crystalline size of 10.68 nm. FTIR spectrum indicates peaks at 954 cm-1 (M-O bond) and 599 cm-1 (M-C\M-L bond). Agglomerated, spherical BMNPs with a mean size of 96.76 nm were spotted in SEM micrographs. The BMNPs were tested for anticancer and antibacterial activities, dye removal efficiency, and seed germination enhancement. The anticancer study found that AgFe-BMNPs hold promising potential for application in breast cancer therapy with a 1 μg mL-1 IC50 value. It also exhibited potent antibacterial activity with a 50 μg mL-1 concentration against Bacillus cereus,Serratia marcescens, Bacillus megaterium, and Staphylococcus aureus. A comparative batch adsorption study for methylene blue dye removal over 180 min showed removal capabilities of 89% for BMNPs. Different concentrations (0.02, 0.04, 0.08 mg mL-1) of BMNPs also demonstrated superior efficiency up to 90% enhanced seed germination at the 6 h mark and 91.87% enhanced water retention capacity in Vigna radiata. This research underscores the medical, environmental, and agricultural potential of AgFe-BMNPs, highlighting their multifaceted benefits in nanotechnology.

Photocatalytic removal of textile wastewater-originated methylene blue and malachite green dyes using spent black tea extract-coated silver nanoparticles

The spent black tea extract was utilized in order to synthesize the spent black tea silver nanoparticles (SBT-AgNPs). Various parameters were tested to yield the best production of SBT-AgNPs. The characterization was conducted by X-Ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, Zeta potential and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The XRD analysis showed hkl planes corresponding to (111), (200), (220), (311) planes at 2θ theta deg 38.3°, 40.8°, 64.5°, and 74.2°. The scanning electron microscopy reported the plate like round shaped morphology of the AgNPs. The zeta potential was examined to be -17.5 mV and a size distribution by intensity of 157.6 d. nm was observed. The EDX was employed to determine the purity of samples by reporting a strong peak of silver (Ag). The degradation activity was examined by photocatalytic removal of methylene blue and malachite green dyes from textile wastewater. The textile wastewater showed a decrease of methylene blue by 25% and 58.3%. The malachite green was also reduced by 33.3% and 60%, which was remarkably significant owing to the presence of the complex factor in the natural environment. The study sets a promising record to harbor the full potential of available food waste resource, such as spent black tea to form SBT-AgNPs and its application in the dye removal from textile waste. The multifaceted outcomes of this study resulted in an eco-friendly procedure, thereby reusing the waste material for environmental cleanup.

Effect of Ethiopian kaolin treatment on the performance of adsorptive removal of methylene blue dye

Effect of Ethiopian kaolin treatment on the performance of adsorptive removal of methylene blue dye

Effective removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution using Macrolepiota procera mushroom: Experimental and theoretical studies

Effective removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution using Macrolepiota procera mushroom: Experimental and theoretical studies

Enhanced photocatalytic performance of polyaniline nanoparticles for efficient dye degradation under simulated sunlight.

This study investigates the effectiveness of polyaniline oxide (PANI) nanoparticles as photocatalysts for the degradation of organic dyes under visible light irradiation. Known for their stability and adjustable conductivity, PANI nanoparticles were synthesized via a hydrothermal method using P123 surfactants, followed by calcination. The morphology, structural phase, and optical properties of the synthesized PANI materials were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results indicated that the synthesized PANI nanoparticles agglomerated into spherical particles with an average size of 70-80 nm. The photocatalytic properties of PANI materials were evaluated by the decolorization of rhodamine B (RhB) and methylene blue (MB) under simulated sunlight irradiation. The PANI photocatalyst was found to be highly effective in removing MB dye, achieving a removal efficiency of approximately 97.09% with a rate constant of 2.08 × 10-2 min-1. In comparison, the removal efficiency for RhB was about 58.01%. Additionally, the mechanism behind the photocatalytic degradation of MB dye by PANI was investigated and discussed. The study highlights the photostability and reproducibility of PANI nanoparticles through recycling experiments, contributing to the development of sustainable photocatalytic materials for efficient water treatment.

Tailoring of carboxymethyl guar gum hydrogels via gamma irradiation for remarkable removal of cationic and anionic dyes from simulated solutions.

Green hydrogels were synthesized from carboxymethyl guar gum (CMGG)-polyacrylic acid (PAAc) via gamma irradiation at doses of 10-40kGy, they were codes as (CMGG/PAAc). FTIR spectroscopy was applied to confirm the chemical transformation of GG into the hydrogel formulations while the 1HNMR was employed to confirm the successful preparation of CMGG. TGA, XRD, and AFM were used to compare the improved formulation to native and CMGG. The investigated hydrogels were then applied comparatively to remove methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) dyes from aqueous solution under various operating parameters. In addition, the AFM was used comprehensively to address the adsorption process by comparing the surface topographies, height and roughness measurements between the dry and dye-loaded hydrogel. Four adsorption isotherms were investigated in order to go deep through the adsorption mechanism. These are Langmuir Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson and Jovanovich isotherms. Based on the values of R2 for all the models, it can be assumed that the Langmuir model is best appropriate for the adsorption process and that the dyes were adsorbed onto a homogenous surface. Kinetic tests showed that the pseudo-second-order model best fitted the adsorption process, with R2 values of 0.9999 for both dyes, confirming chemisorption as the rate-limiting step. The thermodynamic data indicates spontaneous, exothermic adsorption processes, with Gibbs free energy changes (∆G) for MB ranging from -11.265 to -10.82kJ/mol and MO from -3.221 to -3.323kJ/mol. Negative enthalpy changes (∆H) of -17.892kJ/mol for MB and-17.005 for MO show the exothermic nature of adsorption. The data proved effective removal of MB and MO dyes onto CMGG/PAAc hydrogels with better affinity for MB dye, making them excellent wastewater treatment adsorbents.

Magnesium-doped lithium manganese oxide composite with mesoporous silica for methylene blue dye and heavy metal removal.

In this study, magnesium-doped lithium manganese oxide nanoparticles were prepared through a solid-state reaction technique, and their surface was modified with mesoporous silica. The surface-modified material exhibited a significantly enhanced BET surface area from 5.791 to 66.058 m2 g-1, thus enhancing the adsorption property. The prepared material was characterized using advanced analytical techniques such as powder XRD (PXRD), FT-IR, BET surface area analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of the adsorbent dosage, contact time, pH, and initial concentration on adsorption characteristics was evaluated for methylene blue (MB) dye. A maximum adsorption capacity of 94.34 mg g-1 was obtained from the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Kinetic properties were characterized using the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intra-particle diffusion models, and the pseudo-second-order model was found to be the best fit. Effectively, four cycles of adsorption-desorption for the prepared material were demonstrated through thermal desorption technique. To understand the feasibility of adsorption in different matrix conditions, MB dye-spiked samples of well water, lake water, and tap water were treated with the adsorbent material and 64.5%, 62.8%, and 53.5% removal performance, respectively, was observed. In addition, mixed solutions of heavy metals (Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Pb2+) were also tested for adsorption performance study of the adsorbent and 65.5-99.7% removal was observed at a sample dose of 25 g L-1.

Impact of Calcination Temperature on the Structural and Photocatalytic Properties of ZnO Synthesized from Gum Arabic for Methylene Blue Dye Removal

Impact of Calcination Temperature on the Structural and Photocatalytic Properties of ZnO Synthesized from Gum Arabic for Methylene Blue Dye Removal

Evaluation of the efficacy of papaya seed-based natural adsorbent for synthetic textile wastewater treatment

This study explored the application of papaya seed-based activated carbon for removing methylene blue dye from synthetic textile effluent. Batch experiments are used in the study to investigate the adsorption potential of activated carbon. The results demonstrate that papaya seeds derived from activated carbon have the greatest potential for methylene blue adsorption, with an average removal effectiveness of 89.4%. The effects of several parameters such as pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, adsorbent-adsorbate temperature, and starting dye amount or concentration were examined to optimize the adsorption conditions. Maximum dye removal was achieved after 60 minutes of contact time at pH 6.5. The carbon dosage and pH of the solution were discovered to have the greatest influence on the adsorption process. Based on the experimental data, the Langmuir and Freundlich models were identified as the most appropriate fits for the adsorption investigation. In conclusion, activated carbon derived from papaya seeds is a viable and natural bio-adsorbent for removing methylene blue from synthetic textile wastewater.

Superhydrophilic self-cleaning cotton fabric with enhanced antibacterial and UV protection properties

AbstractA multifunctional cotton fabric with superior photocatalytic self-cleaning, antibacterial activity and UV protection was prepared through treatment with TiO2/Pt/SiO2 colloid, clarifying the influence of coating formulation on these functionalities. The photocatalytic activity of coated fabrics under UV and white-fluorescent light was tested and synergistic effects of Pt and silica in enhancing the self-cleaning property of fabrics were demonstrated. Various molar ratios of Pt:Ti (0.01%, 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1%) and Ti:Si (50/50 and 30/70) were utilised in synthesising the colloids. The self-cleaning performance of fabrics was assessed through monitoring coffee stain removal efficiency and methylene blue (MB) dye degradation kinetics. The results demonstrated an effective photocatalytic self-cleaning property on fabrics coated with TiO2/Pt/SiO2 colloids. Increasing the concentrations of Pt and silica both contributed to enhancing the self-cleaning property. The fabric coated with ternary TiO2/Pt/SiO2 30/1/70 colloid resulted in 43.5% higher MB dye removal compared with pure TiO2 after 3h irradiation under visible light. Moreover, the fabrics containing Pt 1% dopant possessed excellent bactericidal activity against both Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria, regardless of the presence of silica. While the addition of silica slightly reduced the UV protection of coated fabrics, increasing the concentration of Pt to 1% increased the protection level to 45 + . Various characterisation techniques including SEM, XPS, XRD, and TEM were employed to study the Pt-doping of TiO2 nanoparticles, as well as the effect of Pt concentration, superhydrophilicity of silica, and the chemical composition of coatings on the functionalities of fabrics.

Removal of methylene blue dyes using graphene oxide-intercalated bentonite composites

Reduction of methylene blue levels has been carried out using the adsorption method with Bentonite-GO adsorbent. Adsorption is used because it has advantages at a low cost and is easy to modify. Bentonite is modified using GO because it has properties that are suitable for reducing dye waste. Bentonite-GO was characterized using XRD, SEM-EDS, and BET. Based on the XRD characterization results, GO is obtained with peaks at an angle of 10.57o, and in bentonite there are several peaks, namely 22.10°; 28,1°; and 35,63°. For bentonite/GO composites, it is best found at a 1:3 ratio with a peak of 25.61°. SEM-EDS is used to determine morphological changes of bentonite and after composite with GO. In the Bentonite-GO composite, it can be seen where in the pores of bentonite there is GO that fills the gap in bentonite which has a porous structure. Based on the EDS results on the Bentonite-GO composite, there was also a very large increase in carbon atoms. In BET, the surface area of the Bentonite-GO composite was 91.5059 m2/g and the pore volume was 0.1997 cm3/g. Methylene reduction obtained the best adsorption capacity at 60 minutes contact time with a percentage of 89.83% and a Qe value of 9.5 mg/g and a maximum composite concentration at a concentration of 35 mg/L with a percentage of 97.83 and a Qe value of 10.272 mg/g.