Methylene Blue Biosorption Research Articles

Biosorption of methylene blue by chemically modified cellulose waste

Citric acid modified cellulose waste (CMCW) was prepared via esterification and used as a low-cost biosorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. The effects of biosorbent concentration, initial pH of MB solution, biosorption temperature, contact time, and initial MB concentration on the biosorption of MB were investigated using batch biosorption technique under static conditions. The experimental results showed that CMCW exhibited excellent biosorption characteristics for MB. The maximum biosorption capacity of MB was up to 214.5 mg/g at an adsorption temperature of 293 K. The removal rate of MB onto CMCW reached the maximum at pH>4 and the biosorption reached an equilibrium at about 50 min. The kinetic data can be described well with the pseudo-second-order model and the isotherm data was found to fit the Langmuir isotherm with a monolayer adsorption capacity of 211.42 mg/g. The biosorption appears to be controlled by chemisorption and may be involved in surface adsorption and pore diffusion during the whole biosorption process.

Biosorption potential assessment of modified pistachio shell waste for methylene blue: thermodynamics and kinetics study

Batch scale studies were conducted to investigate biosorption potential of sodium hydroxide treated pistachio shell (PS) biomass for methylene blue (MB). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed interaction between acidic oxygen surface groups and MB nitrogen atoms. Scanning electron microscopy, wide angle X-ray diffraction (WXRD) technique, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm studies were carried out to evaluate surface morphology, surface area and pore size of biomass. Optimum MB biosorption (92.12%) was observed at pH 5.63. A drastic decrease in biosorption from 21.6 to 2.75 mg/g was observed with increase in ionic salt (NaCl) concentration from 0.05 to 0.25 M. Contact time study showed increase in biosorption capacity from 5.75 to 23.07 mg/g with MB concentration (25–100 mg/L). Equilibration time ranged between 60 and 240 min. Biosorption was endothermic and physical process obeying pseudo second order kinetics model. Isotherm studies revealed applicability of Sips model. The MB recovery was 99.8% with 0.15 M oxalic acid (OA) within 15 min. Regeneration study confirmed almost constant recovery rate for four consecutive cycles.

Cationic Dye Biosorption by Salvinia minima: Equilibrium and Kinetics

The aim of this work was to investigate the biosorption of a cationic dye (methylene blue (MB)) by Salvinia minima. Biomass was characterized using the point of zero charge and scanning electron microscopy. The effects of pH (2–10), biosorbent dose (1–6 g/L), initial MB concentration (49.14 ± 1.03, 99.60 ± 0.67, 148.91 ± 2.00, 198.24 ± 1.91, 243.74 ± 2.32 mg/L), and time (20, 40, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360 min) on MB biosorption and removal were evaluated. The MB biosorption kinetics were analyzed using pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, as well as Elovich and intraparticle diffusion models, and Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms were used to analyze the equilibrium biosorption. A positive effect of pH on MB biosorption and removal was observed when pH was increased from 2 to 4 (28.18 ± 0.30 and 110 ± 0.05 mg/g, 23.20 ± 0.27 and 90.50 ± 0.01 %, respectively), while an increase in the biomass dose from 1 to 6 g/L reduced biosorbent efficiency from 157.30 ± 2.59 to 38.23 ± 0.02 mg/g. The adsorption kinetic data fit the pseudo-second-order equation, suggesting that chemisorption was the rate-determining step during MB biosorption by S. minima biomass. Equilibrium biosorption was described by the Freundlich model, implying that MB multilayers form on the heterogeneous surface of the biomass. S. minima biomass can be used as a biosorbent for the removal and adsorption of cationic dyes from water or wastewater.

DETERMINATION OF METHYLENE BLUE BIOSORPTION BY Rhizopus arrhizus IN THE PRESENCE OF SURFACTANTS WITH DIFFERENT CHEMICAL STRUCTURES

Methylene blue (MB) biosorption properties of Rhizopus arrhizus were investigated in the presence of surfactants. The effects of cationic and anionic surfactants on MB removal by dead biomass (1 g L−1) were determined. MB removal was tested as a function of initial pH (2–12), contact time (5–1440 min), and dye (37.4–944.7 mg L−1) and surfactant (0–10 mM) concentrations. The opposite charged anionic surfactant dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt (DBS) enhanced sorption of cationic MB by biomass dramatically. Maximum biosorption capacity was 471.5 mg g−1 at pH 8 with 0.5 mM DBS at 944.7 mg L−1 MB concentration. The surfactant-stimulated fungal decolorization method may provide a highly efficient, inexpensive, and time-saving procedure in biological wastewater treatment technologies.

Hybrid central composite design optimization for removal of Methylene blue by Acer tree leaves: characterization of adsorption

Statistical experimental design was utilized to optimize the removal of Methylene blue (MB) by Acer tree leaves through a batch biosorption process. Acer tree leaves were introduced as a novel and low-cost biosorbent for removing MB from aqueous solutions. The influence of various factors, such as initial pH, initial concentration of dye, and sorbent mass on the MB biosorption was investigated. A regression model was derived using a response surface methodology through performing the hybrid central composite design. The proposed quadratic model resulted from the hybrid design approach, which fitted very well to the experimental data. Model adequacy was checked through diagnostic tests, namely analysis of variance; a lack of fit test; and residuals distribution. The optimized condition for MB biosorption was calculated to be pH 2.7; m = 0.05 g; and C = 928 mg L−1. Furthermore, the isotherms and kinetics of biosorption were also explored.

Removal of Copper Ions and Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution Using Chemically Modified Mixed Hardwoods Powder as a Biosorbent

Citric acid modified mixed hardwoods powder (CMH) was prepared as a biosorbent to remove copper ions and methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution by batch techniques. FT-IR and XRD were used to characterize the biosorbent. The effects of initial pH value, biosorption temperature, contact time, and initial adsorbate concentration on the biosorption capacities and adsorptivity of Cu2+ and MB onto CMH were investigated. The results showed that CMH exhibited excellent biosorption characteristics for Cu2+ and MB. The maximal biosorption capacity of Cu2+ and MB onto CMH was 165.0 and 237.4 mg/g at 20 °C, respectively. The biosorption kinetics studies indicated that Cu2+ and MB biosorption followed the pseudo-second-order model. The biosorption may be controlled by external intraparticle diffusion mass transfer during the whole biosorption process. Furthermore, the biosorption-equilibrium can be well described by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models.

Breadnut peel as a highly effective low-cost biosorbent for methylene blue: Equilibrium, thermodynamic and kinetic studies

This work reports the potential use of peel of breadnut, Artocarpus camansi, as an effective low-cost biosorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB). Oven dried A. camansi peel (ACP), which had a point of zero charge at pH=4.8, showed maximum biosorption capacity which was far superior to most literature reported fruit biomasses, including samples that have been activated. Isotherm studies on biosorption of MB onto ACP gave a maximum biosorption capacity of 409mgg−1. The Langmuir model was found to give the best fit among various isotherm models investigated and error analyses performed. Kinetics studies were fast with 50% dye being removed in less than 8min from a 50mg L−1 dye solution and further, kinetics followed the pseudo second order. Thermodynamic studies indicated that the biosorption process was both spontaneous and exothermic. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) of ACP before and after MB adsorption was investigated. It can be concluded that oven dried breadnut peel is a highly promising low-cost biosorbent with great potential for the removal of MB.

Biodecolorization of Textile Dye Effluent by Biosorption on Fungal Biomass Materials

Abstract Colored industrial effluents have become a vital source of water pollution, and because water is the most important natural source; its treatment is a responsibility. Usually colored wastewater is treated by physical and chemical processes. But these technologies are ineffective in removing dyes, expensive and not adaptable to a wide range of colored water. Biosorption was identified as the preferred technique for bleaching colored wastewater by giving the best results. This treatment was based on the use of dead fungal biomass as new material for treating industrial colored effluents by biosorption. We studied the ability of biosorption of methylene blue (MB) by Aspergillus fumigatus and optimize the conditions for better absorption. Biosorption reaches 68% at 120 min. Similarly, the biosorbed amount increases up to 65% with pH from 4 to 6, and it's similar and around 90% for pH from 7 to 13. At ambient temperature 20-22 °C, the percentage of biosorption of methylene blue was optimal. The kinetic of biosorption is directly related to the surface of biosorbent when the particle size is also an important factor affecting the ability of biosorption. Also the biosorption of methylene blue increases with the dose of biosorbent due to an augmentation of the adsorption surface. In this study, for an initial concentration of 12 mg/L of MB (biosorbent/solution ratio=2g/L) buffered to alkaline pH, and a contact time of 120 min, biosorption takes place at an ambient temperature and reaches 93.5% under these conditions.

Kinetic and thermodynamic studies on methylene blue biosorption using corn-husk

A low-cost waste biomass derived from corn plant (husk) was tested as an alternative to other expensive treatment options, for the removal of methylene blue (MB), from aqueous solutions.

APPLICATION OF SOME DOMESTIC WASTES AS NEW LOW-COST BIOSORBENTS FOR REMOVAL OF METHYLENE BLUE: KINETIC AND EQUILIBRIUM STUDIES

In this study, parsley stalks (PS), cucumber peels (CP), and watermelon seed hulls (WSH) were used as novel low-cost adsorbents to remove methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. The biosorption of MB onto PS, CP, and WSH was investigated as a function of pH (2–10), initial dye concentration (25–450 mg/L), temperature (293–333 K), ionic strength (0.0–1.0 mol/L NaCl), and biosorbent dose (0.1–1.0 g/50 mL). While the biosorption of MB on PS followed the Freundlich isotherm, biosorption on CP and WSH followed the Langmuir isotherm at all the temperatures studied. The monolayer biosorption capacities of PS, CP, and WSH were found to be 400, 111.11, and 57.14 mg/g, respectively. The biosorption of MB onto PS followed pseudo-second-order kinetics, and the biosorption onto CP and WSH followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. Thermodynamic studies showed that the biosorption of MB onto PS, CP, and WSH was spontaneous and feasible. The pHzpc values of PS, CP, and WSH were found to be 6.26, 6.42, and 6.83, respectively. Desorption studies were also carried out with various desorbing agents. HCl and H3PO4 were more effective desorbents than other desorbents used.

Biosorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution by poly(amic acid)‐modified chitosan

The purpose of the research was to investigate effects of temperature, initial pH, initial concentration, and contact time on the biosorption of methylene blue (MB) by modified chitosan using a batch technique. The modified chitosan was prepared by grafting poly (amic acid), which was obtained via reaction of pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and l‐arginine, onto the surface of cross‐linked chitosan. The MB sorption process was evaluated at 25, 35, and 45°C. Results showed that the modified chitosan had a good capacity for biosorption of MB. The kinetic behavior was described by pseudo‐second‐order model. The experimental isotherms obtained were fitted better with Langmuir model than Freundlich model. According to the Langmuir equation, the maximum uptake capacity (qm) for MB was 392.16 mg g−1. Thermodynamic parameters and were calculated using the Van't Hoff equation, and results showed that MB sorption by modified chitosan was an exothermic and spontaneous process. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 33: 1180–1186, 2014

Methylene blue biosorption by pericarp of corn, alfalfa, and agave bagasse wastes

The presence of dyes in effluent is a matter of concern due to their toxicologic and aesthetical effects. In this research, locally available agro-industrial wastes (Zea mays pericarp, ZMP; Agave tequilana bagasse, ATB; and Medicago sativa waste, MSW) were used as alternative low-cost adsorbents for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. The adsorbents were characterized physically and chemically by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, potentiometric titrations, and N2 physisorption. MB adsorption experiments were carried out in batch systems and experimental data were used to calculate the adsorption isotherm model parameters (Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin) and the adsorption kinetic model parameters (pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order models). MB-loaded biosorbents were desorbed with deionized water, ethanol (10% and 50% v/v), hydrochloric acid (0.01 and 0.05 N), and sodium hydroxide (0.1 N) at room temperature, and the best eluent was used in various adsorption–desorption cycles. The selected agricultural wastes can be considered as promising adsorbents for dye uptake from water since they exhibit considerable MB adsorption capacity (MSW 202.6 mg g−1, ATB 156.2 mg g−1, and ZMP 110.9 mg g−1), but it is lower than that reported for activated carbon; however, the biosorbents show higher adsorption rate than powdered activated carbon. Furthermore, the adsorbents can be economically regenerated with HCl solutions and reused for seven adsorption–desorption cycles.

Removal of methylene blue from wastewater using fallen leaves as an adsorbent

The potential of the fallen leaves of Platanus as a natural biosorbent was investigated for adsorptive removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. Variables, including solution pH, initial MB concentration, biosorbents dose and ionic strength, were investigate to determine their effects on biosorption. The removal rate at pH = 7 is the maximum value (95.23%). The extent of the MB removal increased with initial MB concentration, biosorbent dose and ionic strength. Furthermore, the fallen leaves could be regenerated through the desorption of MB in deionized water and reused to adsorb the dye again. The equilibrium data could be well interpreted by Temkin isotherm followed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Lagergren first-order, Ho second-order, and Weber and Morris intraparticle model were used to explain the behavior of the adsorbent, and the kinetic data fitted well with Ho second-order model. The values of activation energy were 14.26 kJ/mol, which indicated that MB biosorption onto the leaves was mainly physical. The thermodynamics parameters: ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS° were evaluated, which indicated the biosorption was a spontaneous, endothermic process, meanwhile an increase in temperature was advantaged for leaves to adsorb MB. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the functional groups hydroxyl (–OH) and carboxyl (–COOH) may be potential biosorption sites for MB dye.

Using grape pulp as a new alternative biosorbent for removal of a model basic dye

ABSTRACTIn the present study, grape pulp (GP), an agricultural waste available in large quantity in Turkey, was utilized as novel low‐cost biosorbent to remove model basic dye [methylene blue (MB)] from aqueous solution by biosorption. The effects of various parameters including solution pH, biosorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, contact time, temperature and ionic strength on the biosorption process were investigated. The biosorption kinetic data were modeled using the pseudo‐first‐order, pseudo‐second‐order and intraparticle diffusion kinetic equations. Batch kinetic experiments showed that the biosorption fitted the pseudo‐first‐order kinetic model well with correlation coefficients greater than 0.98 in the temperature range 20–60 °C. The equilibrium biosorption data were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. The results indicated that the Langmuir model provided the best correlation with the experimental data. The maximum biosorption capacities of GP for MB determined with the Langmuir model (qm) were 78.74, 116.28 and 153.85 mg g−1 at temperatures of 20, 40 and 60 °C, respectively. The calculated thermodynamic parameters, namely, ΔG0 (−5.33 to −7.17 kJ/mol), ΔH0 (8.09 kJ/mol) and ΔS0 (45.75 kJ/mol K), showed that the biosorption of MB on GP was spontaneous and endothermic under examined conditions. Results indicate that GP could be an alternative for more costly adsorbents used for MB removal. © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Biosorption of methylene blue from aqueous solutions on β-cyclodextrin grafting wood flour copolymer: kinetic and equilibrium studies

The preparation, characterization, and environmental application of β-cyclodextrin/citric acid/wood flour (β-CD/CA/WF) graft copolymer wood-based biosorbent for methylene blue (MB) biosorption were investigated in this paper. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the technique of phenolphthalein probe were used to characterize the grafting β-CD. Furthermore, the biosorption behavior of MB on β-CD/CA/WF graft copolymer was studied under various conditions of pH, contact time, and initial MB concentration. The results indicated that the biosorption of MB was dependent on both the initial MB concentration and the initial pH. Langmuir isotherm model fitted the isotherm data better than the Freundlich model. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and intraparticle diffusion was one of the effective rate-controlling steps for the entire biosorption period. Equilibrium and kinetic results have implied that β-CD/CA/WF graft copolymer could be considered as a promising material for the adsorption of dye from aqueous solutions.

Characterization of modified sawdust, kinetic and equilibrium study about methylene blue adsorption in batch mode

Methylene blue (MB) biosorption by citric acid modified pine sawdust (Pinus tabulaeformis) was studied from aqueous solutions. Batch experiments were conducted to determine the biosorption properties of the biomass. The Langmuir isotherm equation could fit the equilibrium data. The maximal equilibrium quantity of MB from Langmuir model was 111.46 mg g �1 at 293 K. The Elovich model adequately described the kinetic data in comparison to the pseu- do-first-order model and pseudo-second-order model; the process involving rate-controlling step is very complex in- volving both boundary layer and intra-particle diffusion processes. The effective diffusion parameter Di and Df values were estimated at different initial concentration, and the average values were determined to be 5.76×10 �8 and 2.12× 10 �7 cm 2 s �1 . Thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption of methylene blue onto pine sawdust biomass was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic under studied conditions. The physical and chemical properties of the bio- sorbent were determined by SEM, TG-DSC, XRD, and the point of zero charge (pHpzc) and the nature of biomass-dye interactions were evaluated by FTIR analysis, which showed the participation of COOH, OH and NH2 groups in the biosorption process. Biosorbents could be regenerated using 0.01 mol L �1 HCl solution at least three cycles, with up to 90% recovery. Thus, the biomass used in this work proved to be effective for the treatment of MB bearing aqueous solutions.

Kinetic and Equilibrium of Biosorption of Methylene Blue by Sunflower Straw

With sunflower straw as low-cost biosorbent, the biosorption of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution was studied by batch biosorption technique. The biosorption experiments were carried out under different conditions of solution pH, sunflower straw dose, and temperature. The results showed that biosorption of MB on to sunflower straw affected remarkably by the pH value, and the maximum biosorption amount was achieved at an optimum pH of 12.0; the equilibrium biosorption amount decreased as temperature was increasing, and the biosorption process might be depicted primly by Langmuir function; It was shown that the biosorption of methylene blue could be described by the pseudo-second-order equation.

Characteristics of Activated Sludge in an Anoxic Baffled Reactor

AbstractThis study characterized sludge from an anoxic baffled reactor (ABR) used to treat textile dyeing wastewater. The process was run over 150 days. On day 152, five sludge samples were collected from compartments 1–5 of the ABR and a set of captive tests was conducted to investigate their particle size distributions (PSDs), dye biosorption and biodegradation properties, and dehydrogenase activity (DHA). The results indicated that the PSD of the five sludge samples from the ABR were similar. Methylene blue biosorption to the sludge samples followed the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model and the actual biosorption process was controlled by external and intraparticle diffusion, simultaneously. After the sludge samples were cultivated for 24 h, the acid red GR dye removal efficiencies were 59.5, 68.3, 76.4, 61.5, and 65.4%, respectively. Eliminating dye biosorption, the dye biodegradation efficiencies were only 38.8, 46.3, 52.6, 48.3, and 46.0%, respectively. Furthermore, the DHA values were 28.2, 45.3, 56.5, 41.0, and 35.0 µg TF mL−1 h−1, respectively, and the DHA variation was in accordance with the dye biodegradation efficiency variation.

Coconut husk as a biosorbent for methylene blue removal and its kinetics study

Biosorption of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution was studied with respect to the point of zero charge of coconut husk, dye concentration, particle size, pH, temperature, as well as adsorbent and NaCl concentration using coconut husk biomass. Amongst Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms studied, Langmuir adsorption isotherm showed better agreement. Pseudo second order kinetics model was found to be more suitable for data presentation as compared to pseudo first order kinetics model. Also, involvement of diffusion process was studied using intraparticle diffusion, external mass transfer and Boyd kinetic model. Involvement of intraparticle diffusion model was found to be more relevant (prominent) as compared to external mass transfer (in) for methylene blue biosorption by the coconut husk. Moreover, thermodynamic properties of MB biosorption by coconut husk were studied. Desorption of methylene blue from biomass was studied with different desorbing agents, and the highest desorption achieved was as low as 7.18% with acetone, which indicate stable immobilization. Under the experimental conditions MB sorption was not significantly affected by pH, temperature and adsorbent concentration but low sorption was observed at higher NaCl concentrations.

Biosorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution by nonviable Aspergillus fumigatus

The main objective of this work was to study the possibility of improving the biosorption of textile dye basic model, methylene blue (MB) by dead fungal biomass, Aspergillus fumigatus. For an initial concentration of MB (5mg/L) and under proved optimal conditions (pH 7 and 30°C), the equilibrium was reached after 90min. A chemical pretreatment of A. fumigatus with NaClO 4 °Chl (chlorometric degrees), H2O2 30%, CaCl2 0.1M, SDS 1mM, NaOH 0.1M, NaHCO3 0.1M; the physical pre-treatment by autoclaving and adding SDS 1mM, NaCl 1mM to the MB solutions have allowed a considerable and very significant improvement of MB biosorption. However the chemical pretreatment with a solution of H2SO4 0.1M, and the addition of PbCl2 0.1M have lead to lower capacity of biosorption. The maximum biosorption capacity was 125mg/g. The desorption studies were conducted by changing of the pH value among 3–10. The maximum desorption percentage of MB was found to be 80% at pH 3. The modeling of the experimental data at equilibrium was performed with Langmuir, Freundlich, Langmuir–Freundlich, Dubinin Radushkevich (D–R) and Temkin isotherms. The result has shown that the biosorption was favorable, physicochemical in nature and agree well with Langmuir and Freundlich models, with correlation coefficients close to 1.00 in both cases.