Methyl Ammonium Research Articles

Enhancing photovoltaic efficiency in perovskite solar cells through synergistic blending of polyvinyl alcohol and F-127 polymer in a sandwich architecture

In the field of photovoltaics, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become increasingly popular because of their cost-effective processing and competitive efficiency when compared to silicon solar cells. This work presents a novel design of a PSC based on methyl ammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) and investigates the possibilities of organic-inorganic metal halides in the field of PSCs. The device has a sandwich architecture, where the hole transport material (HTM) operates at room temperature using a blend of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and F-127 polymer. Under typical solar conditions, the built-in PSC, which has the architecture FTO/TiO2/Perovskite/PVA & F-127/Pt, exhibits a remarkable efficiency of 1.29 %. Interestingly, PSC stability at room temperature is still a major problem, yet our design demonstrates a remarkable 2-h stability in ambient circumstances. This accomplishment is ground breaking because it introduces a high-efficiency PSC in a sandwich construction operating in ambient settings for the first time. The fact that this novel technique is solution-based and does not require vacuum deposition lends even more credence to its viability and scalability.

Enhanced Stability and Performance Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells via Hole Transport Materials Additive Strategies

AbstractPast few years has witnessed a rapid surge in the design and fabrication of lead halide perovskite solar cells (LH‐PSCs). Methyl ammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) is one of the widely used visible light absorbing material towards the fabrication of LH‐PSCs. The CH3NH3PbI3 has a band gap of around 1.55 eV which makes it a suitable visible light sensitizer for the development of high performance next generation LH‐PSCs. In this work, CH3NH3PbI3 has been explored as visible light absorbing layer with mesoscopic device architecture of (FTO/TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/spiro‐OMeTAD+MoS2/Au) LH‐PSCs. MoS2 has been utilized as hole transport material additive which not only acted as additive but also enhanced the performance of the LH‐PSCs with long term stability. The FTO/TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/spiro‐OMeTAD+MoS2/Au showed the interesting efficiency of 14.2 % which is higher than that of the FTO/TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/spiro‐OMeTAD/Au device (11.9 %). This work offers the fabrication of stable and improved LH‐PSCs with device architecture of FTO/TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/spiro‐OMeTAD+MoS2/Au.

Long-Term Comparisons of Photoluminescence Affected by Organic Cations of Formamidinium and Methylammonium in Monophasic Lead Iodide Perovskite Quantum Dots.

This study compared the photoluminescence (PL) stabilities of formamidinium (FA) and methylammonium (MA) in lead iodide perovskite quantum dots (QDs). To exclude other factors, such as size and purity, that may affect stability, MAPbI3 and FAPbI3 QDs with nearly identical sizes (~10.0 nm) were synthesized by controlling the ligand concentration and synthesis temperature. Transmission electron microscopy images and X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed homogeneous single-phase perovskite structures. Additionally, the bandgaps and sizes of the synthesized QDs closely matched those of the infinite quantum well model, which guaranteed that the photostability was solely caused by the different organic molecules in the two QDs. We analyzed the PL peak centers and full-width at half maximum of the QDs for 32 days. The enhanced stability of FAPbI3 was found to be caused by the nearly zero redshift (1.615 eV) of its PL peak, in contrast to the redshift (1.685→1.670 eV) of MAPbI3.

Investigating novel perovskites of lead-free flexible solar cell CH3NH3BiI3 and their photovoltaic performance with efficiency over 26%

Perovskite solar cells are increasing attention due to their unique characteristics in the field of photovoltaic technology. Lead-based perovskite solar cells are particularly notable for their high efficiency. However, their commercial production is limited because of the use of lead-based absorbers. As a result, research has shifted towards exploring lead-free alternatives in the realm of perovskite materials. This study utilizes SCAPS-1D simulation software to optimize the performance of a lead-free flexible solar cell. Lead (Pb), a group 14 element, is proposed to be replaced by bismuth (Bi), a group 15 element. We investigate how the selection of configurations for the Electron Transport Layer (ETL), Hole Transport Layer (HTL), and absorber layer impacts solar cell performance. This study represents a comprehensive examination of this material. The device optimization involves using a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate, cadmium sulfide (CdS), tungsten disulfide (WS2), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and fullerene (C60) as ETL components, methyl ammonium bismuth iodide (CH3NH3BiI3) as the absorber, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) as the HTL, and platinum (Pt) as the electrode. In addition to optimizing ETL and HTL configurations, this study explores the effects of various factors such as absorber, ETL, and HTL thickness, shunt and series resistance, temperature variations, Mott-Schottky behavior, capacitance, recombination, generation rates, J-V characteristics, and quantum energy. The results show that the solar cell configuration using FTO/CdS/CH3NH3BiI3/MoS2/Pt achieves an efficiency of 26.60 %, a current density (JSC) of 32.02 mA/cm2, an open circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.974 V, and a fill factor (FF) of 85.24 %. This represents a significant improvement compared to previous research. This detailed simulation analysis enables researchers to develop cost-effective and highly efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs), driving advancements in solar technology.

Halide tuning in derivative organic–inorganic perovskites, MAPb(Br1-xClx)3 (x = 0–1): exploring structural, optical and vibrational characteristics

Organic–inorganic metal halide perovskites (OIMHP’s), particularly CH3NH3PbX3 (X = I, Br, Cl) and their derivatives shows favorable properties for energy harvesting such as high absorption coefficients, adjustable band gaps, and low charge recombination rate. The structure and hence nature of bonding between different atoms of these perovskites is known to affect their properties significantly. Tuning of band gap can be achieved in these systems with the help of compositional variation. These systems are studied extensively in the single halide compositions (MAPbI3, MAPbBr3 and MAPbCl3); while, their derivatives seem to have gained less attention though being important for various applications. So, in this work, halide tuning is achieved in derivative perovskite, MAPb(Br1-xClx)3 (x = 0 to 1) and further studied for structural and optical properties along with vibrational properties using X-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy techniques, respectively. A decrease in the lattice parameter is observed as the Chlorine content increases in the MAPb(Br1-xClx)3 (x = 0 to 1) perovskite. The substitution of Chlorine with Bromine also results in significant increase in the band gap value. In contrast to previous reports, it was clearly observed that the Urbach energy strongly depends on the composition. For the first time, appearance of two features for torsional mode of methylammonium (MA) is discussed even at room temperature, indicative of disorder. It is observed that although the band gap tuning is achieved with the help of halide mixing (Br and Cl), it is also found to introduce disorder in the intermediate compositions; while, the stability increases toward Chlorine compositions. Interestingly, the information of disorder is found to be contained in both the global as well as local measurements which opens up new pathways for studying these materials. This study will lay down a pathway for better understanding of key properties of these hybrid mix halide perovskites which are promising material for futuristic energy applications.

In-situ synthesis of quaternary alkylammonium ligand capped organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskite for high pure green luminescence in display application

This study delves into the intricate dynamics of ligand engineering for the synthesis of Methyl Ammonium Lead Bromide (MAPbBr3) nanocrystals (NCs), which exhibit immense potential in optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications. Our focus centres on the role of the quaternary ammonium molecule CTAB as a ligand in stabilizing MAPbBr3 NCs. This also addresses the challenges related to the stability and surface defects of NCs that hinder their commercial viability. Employing a modified ligand-assisted reprecipitation technique (LARP) with a dual solvent system, we optimized the CTAB concentration to 0.05 mmol, resulting in MAPbBr3 NCs with an impressive 88% quantum yield. XPS and FTIR analyses confirm the presence and binding of CTAB on the NC surface. The MAPbBr3-CTAB NCs exhibit higher exciton–phonon binding energy, enhancing their optical properties. Despite an unfavourable geometric fit, CTAB is effective in surface defect passivation due to its binding, solvation, and desorption energy during the dynamic binding process. 2D-DOSY NMR reveals approximately 66% CTAB bound to the NC surface. A comparative study involving MAPbBr3-OA, OLA, and MAPbBr3-CTAB deposited on LEDs demonstrates the superior performance of the latter, achieving a luminous efficiency of 42.18 lm W−1 at 1.2 ml deposition. These findings highlight the efficacy of CTAB in achieving high-purity green luminescence, aligning with BT.2020 display colour standards and paving the way for advanced optoelectronic applications. The successful synthesis and improved performance of MAPbBr3-CTAB NCs underscore their potential as a promising material for future optoelectronic and photovoltaic technologies.

Identification and Suppression of Point Defects in Bromide Perovskite Single Crystals Enabling Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy.

Methylammonium lead tribromide (MAPbBr3) stands out as the most easily grown wide-band-gap metal halide perovskite. It is a promising semiconductor for room-temperature gamma-ray (γ-ray) spectroscopic detectors, but no operational devices are realized. This can be largely attributed to a lack of understanding of point defects and their influence on detector performance. Here, through a combination of crystal growth design and defect characterization, including positron annihilation and impedance spectroscopy, the presence of specific point defects are identified and correlated to detector performance. Methylammonium (MA) vacancies, MA interstitials, and Pb vacancies are identified as the dominant charge-trapping defects in MAPbBr3 crystals, while Br vacancies caused doping. The addition of excess MABr reduces the MA and Br defects and so enables the detection of energy-resolved γ-ray spectra using a MAPbBr3 single-crystal device. Interestingly, the addition of formamidinium (FA) cations, which converted to methylformamidinium (MFA) cations by reaction with MA+ during crystal growth further reduced MA defects. This enabled an energy resolution of 3.9% for the 662keV 137Cs line using a low bias of 100V. The work provides direction toward enabling further improvements in wide-bandgap perovskite-based device performance by reducing detrimental defects.

Wide-bandgap MAPbBr3 perovskite solar cells using bifunctional-molecule additives achieving a high open-circuit voltage of 1.63 V

Wide-bandgap methyl ammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) attracts considerable attention due to their large open-circuit voltage (VOC), high phase stability and great potential for multi-junction tandem PSCs. However, the low film quality and high defect density of perovskite films limit the development of MAPbBr3 PSCs. Here, we employ a bifunctional-molecule of 3-chlorbenzylamine additive (3-CBA) to fabricate high quality MAPbBr3 films in ambient air and facilitate the crystallization of MAPbBr3 film, leading to higher orientated perovskite film. Additionally, 3-CBA associating with uncoordinated Pb ions effectively passivates the bulk defects, which suppresses the carrier recombination in perovskite films and obtains a high VOC of 1.63 V. To further suppress the carrier recombination at MAPbBr3/carbon interface, the 3-CBA is also used to modify the surface of the MAPbBr3 films. As a result, the 3-CBA modified MAPbBr3 film exhibits decreased roughness and increased coverage on substrates, which raises the power conversion efficiency (PCE) to 9.55 %. More importantly, the chlorphenyl in 3-CBA for both bulk and surface treatment makes the MAPbBr3 surface more hydrophobic, which enhances the stability of unencapsulated PCSs allowing it to maintain over 98 % of the initial PCE under 80 °C thermal stress and 40–70 % relative humidity. This work provides a reliable approach to enhance both the VOC and stability for MAPbBr3 wide-bandgap PSCs.

Lead-free methyl ammonium tin iodide perovskite thin film growth in single step via plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition technique and its optoelectronic properties

In the present work, lead free methyl ammonium tin iodide (CH3NH3SnI3 or MASnI3) perovskite thin films have been deposited via single step plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) technique. In our earlier work, we reported lead based methyl ammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3 or MAPbI3) perovskite thin film deposition in 2-step, using sputtering technique for the PbI2 thin films and PECVD technique for CH3NH3I (MAI) thin films. Similarly, CH3NH3SnI3 perovskite thin films are deposited in this work using PECVD technique in single step. Lead is substituted with tin due to its toxic behaviour, environmental and health related issues. CH3NH3SnI3 perovskite is doped n-type via changing the molar ratio of SnI2 and CH3NH3I. SnI2/CH3NH3I ratio is changed from 0.33 to 2 to study the n-type doping of CH3NH3SnI3 perovskite. Deposited CH3NH3SnI3 perovskite thin films are deposited over p-type silicon wafer to make n-type doped n-CH3NH3SnI3/p-Si heterojunction photodiode.

Adsorption and transport of acid dye through polymer inclusion membrane with Aliquat 336 and TBP

Colour is typically the initial pollutant identified in wastewater. Membrane separation represents a novel approach to separation processes, with expectations of supplanting many traditional separation systems. The aim of this study is to investigate polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) consisting of tri octyl methyl ammonium chloride as the carrier, tributylphosphate as the modifier, poly-vinyl chloride as the base polymer and 2-Nitro phenyl pentyl ether as the plasticizer for removing an acid dye (Red Erionyl A-3G) from aqueous solution. The dye adsorption on the membrane surface and its transition to the stripping phase was achieved by placing the membrane between two glass cells. Changing the stripping solution ensured both adsorption on the membrane surface and the transfer of all the dye to the stripping stage. Using a mixture of 0.8 M salicylic acid and 0.8 M NaOH, along with stirring at 1000 rpm during the stripping phase, extraction efficiency reached 98% in the feed phase and 53% in the stripping phase. When 1 M NaOH solution was employed as the stripping solution, the membrane absorbed all the dye within 10 minutes, but there was no transition to the stripping phase. The membrane has a durability of 2 days.Graphical abstract

Improving the perovskite solar cell by insertion of methyl ammonium tin oxide and cesium tin chloride as absorber layers: scaps 1d study based on experimental studies

Improving the perovskite solar cell by insertion of methyl ammonium tin oxide and cesium tin chloride as absorber layers: scaps 1d study based on experimental studies

Bimolecular Crystallization Modulation Boosts the Efficiency and Stability of Methylammonium‐Free Tin–Lead Perovskite and All‐Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells

AbstractThe elimination of methylammonium (MA) cation from mixed tin–lead (Sn–Pb) narrow‐bandgap (NBG) perovskites is an effective approach to enhance the operational stability of all‐perovskite tandem solar cells (TSCs). Unfortunately, the uncontrolled nucleation and crystallization processes of MA‐free Sn–Pb perovskites usually lead to inferior film quality and device performance. Herein, a bimolecular crystallization modulation strategy is reported by using guanidine thiocyanate (GuaSCN) and aminoacetamide hydrochloride (AHC) together as additives to improve the film quality of MA‐free Sn–Pb perovskites. It is demonstrated that the use of bimolecular additives can effectively improve the crystallinity, increase the grain size, and induce a preferred (100) orientation for the corresponding films, leading to high‐quality absorber with considerably reduced defect density and suppressed non‐radiative recombination. In addition, the bimolecular additives can reduce the self‐p‐doping hole concentration within the perovskite films and enhance the charge extraction at the perovskite/electron transport layer interface. The modified NBG perovskite solar cells deliver a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.14%. Coupled with the wide‐bandgap (WBG) subcell, the all‐perovskite TSCs give a champion certified PCE of 27.15%, which is the highest certified PCE for MA‐free all‐perovskite TSCs. Encapsulated tandem devices maintain 90% of the initial PCE after 473 h operation.

Enhancement of Photodetector Characteristics by Zn-Porphyrin-Passivated MAPbBr3 Single Crystals.

Perovskite single crystals have garnered significant interest in photodetector applications due to their exceptional optoelectronic properties. The outstanding crystalline quality of these materials further enhances their potential for efficient charge transport, making them promising candidates for next-generation photodetector devices. This article reports the synthesis of methyl ammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) perovskite single crystal (SC) via the inverse-temperature crystallization method. To further improve the performance of the photodetector, Zn-porphyrin (Zn-PP) was used as a passivating agent during the growth of SC. The optical characterization confirmed the enhancement of optical properties with Zn-PP passivation. On single-crystal surfaces, integrated photodetectors are fabricated, and their photodetection performances are evaluated. The results show that the single-crystalline photodetector passivated with 0.05% Zn-PP enhanced photodetection properties and rapid response speed. The photoelectric performance of the device, including its responsivity (R), external quantum efficiency (EQE), detective nature (D), and noise-equivalent power (NEP), showed an enhancement of the un-passivated devices. This development introduces a new potential to employ high-quality perovskite single-crystal-based devices for more advanced optoelectronics.

Thermal Stability of Encapsulated Carbon-Based Multiporous-Layered-Electrode Perovskite Solar Cells Extended to Over 5000 h at 85 °C.

The key to the practical application of organometal-halide crystals perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is to achieve thermal stability through robust encapsulation. This paper presents a method to significantly extend the thermal stability lifetime of perovskite solar cells to over 5000 h at 85 °C by demonstrating an optimal combination of encapsulation methods and perovskite composition for carbon-based multiporous-layered-electrode (MPLE)-PSCs. We fabricated four types of MPLE-PSCs using two encapsulation structures (over- and side-sealing with thermoplastic resin films) and two perovskite compositions ((5-AVA)x(methylammonium (MA))1-xPbI3 and (formamidinium (FA))0.9Cs0.1PbI3), and analyzed the 85 °C thermal stability followed by the ISOS-D-2 protocol. Without encapsulation, FA0.9Cs0.1PbI3 exhibited higher thermal stability than (5-AVA)x(MA)1-xPbI3. However, encapsulation reversed the phenomenon (that of (5-AVA)x(MA)1-xPbI3 became stronger). The combination of the (5-AVA)x(MA)1-xPbI3 perovskite absorber and over-sealing encapsulation effectively suppressed the thermal degradation, resulting in a PCE value of 91.2% of the initial value after 5072 h. On the other hand, another combination (side-sealing on (5-AVA)x(MA)1-xPbI3 and over- and side-sealing on FA0.9Cs0.1PbI3) resulted in decreased stability. The FACs-based perovskite was decomposed from these degradation mechanisms by the condensation reaction between FA and carbon. For side-sealing, the space between the cell and the encapsulant was estimated to contain approximately 1,260,000 times more H2O than in over-sealing, which catalyzed the degradation of the perovskite crystals. Our results demonstrate that MA-based PSCs, which are generally considered to be thermally sensitive, can significantly extend their thermal stability after proper encapsulation. Therefore, we emphasize that finding the appropriate combination of encapsulation technique and perovskite composition is quite important to achieve further device stability.

Synthesis, characterization, and comparative study of titanium dioxide and methyl ammonium lead iodide perovskite doped with cesium

Synthesis, characterization, and comparative study of titanium dioxide and methyl ammonium lead iodide perovskite doped with cesium

Using scalable computer vision to automate high-throughput semiconductor characterization

High-throughput materials synthesis methods, crucial for discovering novel functional materials, face a bottleneck in property characterization. These high-throughput synthesis tools produce 104 samples per hour using ink-based deposition while most characterization methods are either slow (conventional rates of 101 samples per hour) or rigid (e.g., designed for standard thin films), resulting in a bottleneck. To address this, we propose automated characterization (autocharacterization) tools that leverage adaptive computer vision for an 85x faster throughput compared to non-automated workflows. Our tools include a generalizable composition mapping tool and two scalable autocharacterization algorithms that: (1) autonomously compute the band gaps of 200 compositions in 6 minutes, and (2) autonomously compute the environmental stability of 200 compositions in 20 minutes, achieving 98.5% and 96.9% accuracy, respectively, when benchmarked against domain expert manual evaluation. These tools, demonstrated on the formamidinium (FA) and methylammonium (MA) mixed-cation perovskite system FA1−xMAxPbI3, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, significantly accelerate the characterization process, synchronizing it closer to the rate of high-throughput synthesis.

Effects of the Addition of Tin Powder to Perovskite Precursor Solutions on Band Bending at PEDOT:PSS/Perovskite Interfaces in Mixed-Cation Mixed-Halide Tin Perovskite Solar Cells.

Using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, we investigated the effects of the addition of tin (Sn) powder to perovskite layers on band bending at the perovskite surface near poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hole-transport layers in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) involving formamidinium (FA)-methylammonium (MA)-mixed-cation I-Br-mixed-halide tin perovskites. We performed dark ESR spectroscopy measurements of a PEDOT:PSS/FA0.75MA0.25Sn(I0.75Br0.25)3 stack and of a PEDOT:PSS/Sn-powder-added FA0.75MA0.25Sn(I0.75Br0.25)3 stack. The results indicate that FA0.75MA0.25Sn(I0.75Br0.25)3 layers have significant downward band bending near PEDOT:PSS layers. Such downward band bending is unfavorable for hole selectivity and surface passivation at the interface. However, the addition of Sn powder to the tin perovskite precursor solution was found to significantly prevent the downward band bending and rather cause upward band bending, which can improve the hole selectivity and field-effect passivation quality. This can be due to prevented oxidation of perovskite layers by Sn powder addition. These findings are crucial for developing highly efficient and stable tin perovskite solar cells.

Comparative Analysis of the Stability and Performance of Double-, Triple-, and Quadruple-Cation Perovskite Solar Cells for Rooftop and Indoor Applications.

The solar energy market is predicted to be shared between Si solar cells and third-generation photovoltaics in the future. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) show the greatest potential to capture a share there as a single junction or in tandem with silicon. Researchers worldwide are looking to optimize the composition of the perovskite film to achieve an optimal bandgap, performance, and stability. Traditional perovskites have a mixture of formamidinium and methyl ammonium as the A-site cation in their ABX3 structure. However, in recent times, the use of cesium and rubidium has become popular for making highly efficient PSCs. A thorough analysis of the performance and stability of double-, triple-, and quadruple-cation PSCs under different environmental conditions was performed in this study. The performance of the device and the films was analyzed by electrical measurements (J-V, dark J-V, EQE), scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, photoluminescence, and X-ray diffraction. The quadruple-cation device with the formula Cs0.07Rb0.03FA0.77MA0.13PbI2.8Br0.2 showed the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.7%. However, this device had the least stability under all conditions. The triple-cation device with the formula Cs0.1FA0.6MA0.3PbI2.8Br0.2, with a slightly lower PCE (21.2%), was considerably more stable, resulting in about 30% more energy harvested than that using the other two devices during their life cycle.

Stability of Cesium-Based Lead Halide Perovskites under UV Radiation.

Lead halide perovskites have been extensively studied for their potential applications, including photodetectors, solar cells, and high-energy radiation detection. These applications are possible because of their unique optoelectronic properties, such as tunable band gap, high optical absorption coefficient, and unique defect self-healing properties, which result in high defect tolerance. Despite these advantages, the long-term stability remains a critical issue that could hinder commercial applications of these materials. Reports on the stability of lead halide perovskites for optoelectronic applications have normally focused on methylammonium (MA)/formamidinium (FA), with very limited information for other systems, in particular, Cs-containing perovskites. In this paper, we report the stability of thick CsPbBr3-x Cl x polycrystalline thin films (∼8 μm) with several halide Br-Cl ratios after exposure to deep UV radiation. The chemical, crystal structure, optical, and electrical properties are analyzed, and the results are used to propose a degradation mechanism. The chemical analysis on the surface and bulk of the films indicates the formation of cesium oxide after UV exposure, with no significant change in the crystalline structure. The proposed mechanism explains the formation of cesium oxides during UV exposure. The I-V characteristics of diode structures also showed significant degradation after UV exposure, primarily at lower diode rectification ratios. The mechanism proposed in this paper can contribute to developing strategies to enhance the long-term stability of inorganic lead halide perovskites under UV exposure.

Evaluating Pb-based and Pb-free Halide Perovskites for Solar-Cell Applications: A Simulation Study

Metal halide Pb-based and Pb-free perovskite crystal structures are an essential class of optoelectronic materials due to their significant optoelectronic properties, optical absorption and tuneable emission spectrum properties. However, the most efficient optoelectronic devices were based on the Pb as a monovalent cation, but its toxicity is a significant hurdle for commercial device applications. Thus, replacing the toxic Pb with Pb-free alternatives (such as tin (Sn)) for diverse photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications is essential. Moreover, replacing the volatile methylammonium (MA) with cesium (Cs) leads to the development of an efficient perovskite absorber layer with improved optical & thermal stability and stabilized photoconversion efficiency. This paper discusses the correlation between the experimental and theoretical work for the Pb-based and Pb-free perovskites synthesised using the hot-injection method at different temperatures. Here, simulation is also carried out using the help of SCAPS-1D software to study the effect of various parameters of CsSnI3 and CsPbI3 layers on solar cell performance. This experimental and theoretical comparative study of the Hot-injection method synthesised CsPbI3 and CsSnI3 perovskites is rarely investigated for optoelectronic applications.