Removal Of Methyl Parathion Research Articles

Study of detoxification of methyl parathion by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) non-thermal plasma at gas-liquid interface：mechanism and bio-toxicity evaluation

Methyl parathion (MP) as an organophosphorus pesticide has been used in the control of agricultural pests and diseases. Due to its high toxicity and persistence in the environment, MP may pose threat to human health when it is released into environmental water. For MP treatment, people have found that oxidative degradation of MP may generate some intermediates which are more toxic than MP itself, such as methyl paraoxon. Herein, we proposed a new method of applying dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) non-thermal plasma technology to treat MP in aqueous solution, and investigated the influences of different gases, pH value, discharge voltage/power, and main active species on the MP removal efficiency. In particular, the safety of DBD treatment was concerned with analysis of the biological toxicity of the byproducts from the DBD oxidation, and the DBD-induced degradation together with the involved mechanism was explored therein. The results showed that the production of toxic intermediates could be effectively suppressed or avoided under certain treatment conditions. As such, this work demonstrates that the proper application of DBD plasma technology with necessary caution can detoxify methyl parathion effectively, and also provides a practical guide for low-temperature plasma application in treatment of various organophosphorus pesticides in agricultural wastewater.

Correction to: Synthesis of Co3O4 @ Organo/Polymeric Bentonite Structures as Environmental Photocatalysts and Antibacterial Agents for Enhanced Removal of Methyl Parathion and Pathogenic Bacteria

Correction to: Synthesis of Co3O4 @ Organo/Polymeric Bentonite Structures as Environmental Photocatalysts and Antibacterial Agents for Enhanced Removal of Methyl Parathion and Pathogenic Bacteria

Synthesis of Co3O4 @ Organo/Polymeric Bentonite Structures as Environmental Photocatalysts and Antibacterial Agents for Enhanced Removal of Methyl Parathion and Pathogenic Bacteria

Synthesis of Co3O4 @ Organo/Polymeric Bentonite Structures as Environmental Photocatalysts and Antibacterial Agents for Enhanced Removal of Methyl Parathion and Pathogenic Bacteria

Functionalization of an iron-porphyrinic metal–organic framework with Bovine serum albumin for effective removal of organophosphate insecticides

In this work, a multifunctional hybrid bovine serum albumin (BSA)-metal organic framework (BSA/PCN-222(Fe)) material was newly prepared via an easy encapsulation method during the MOF synthesis. The morphology, structure, size and porosity of the hybrid material were characterized by using different techniques. The hybrid material was then examined for removal of methyl parathion and diazinon, as two broadly used insecticides, residues in water samples. Significant variables for optimization conditions were investigated such as adsorption and desorption time, pH, loading of adsorbent, and reusability. The experiments presented that the new sorbent has high efficiency and suitable recyclability for removal of both adsorbent parathion-methyl and diazinon from water samples. The maximum adsorption capacities of the nominal adsorbent were found to be 370.4 mg/g for parathion-methyl and 400 mg/g for diazinon under the optimized conditions at pH 7 and adsorption time of 3 min. Remarkably, it was found that BSA/PCN-222(Fe) with multiple binding sites enhanced adsorption activity compared with the PCN-222(Fe).

Phenol driven changes onto MnO2 surface for efficient removal of methyl parathion: The role of adsorption

Manganese oxides (MnO2), important environmental oxides, have drawn significant attention in areas such as detoxification of micro-hazardous organic contaminants with electron-donating functional groups such as –OH. However, studies on whether these oxidized processes might further impact the fate of some esters like organophosphorus pesticide (OPPs) remain poorly understood. Herein, we propose a new mechanism involved in the enhanced removal of methyl parathion in mixtures of MnO2 and phenol. Specifically, the removal of methyl parathion (up to 73.7%) was significantly higher for a binary system than for MnO2 alone (approximately 9.3%) and was primarily due to adsorption rather than degradation. The extent of methyl parathion adsorption was dependent significantly on pH, reactant loading and metal ion co-solutes (such as Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe3+ and Mn2+). Both spectroscopic (FT-IR, SEM-EDX and XPS) and chromatographic (LC/HRMS) analyses showed that the remarkable increase in the number of organics (e.g., polymers) onto the MnO2 surface dominated methyl parathion adsorption via hydrogen bonding, n-π and π-π interactions, van der Waals forces and pore-diffusion. The results from this study provided evidence for the role of manganese oxides in adsorption of methyl parathion in soil-aquatic environments involving phenolic compounds.

Tolerance strategies in cyanobacterium Fischerella sp. under pesticide stress and possible role of a carbohydrate-binding protein in the metabolism of methyl parathion (MP)

The tolerance strategy of cyanobacterium Fischerella sp. under methyl parathion (MP) stress was investigated through proteomics analysis using 2-DE technique coupled with MALDI- TOF MS/MS. Proteomic study of the cyanobacterium treated with or without MP for two and eight days exhibited differential expressions of proteins related to photosynthesis, energy and protein metabolism, redox homeostasis, signal transduction and cellular defence. Inhibitory effect of MP on the growth of the test organism was more pronounced after the 2nd day of treatment and the majority of the proteins, except those involved in the protein metabolism (DnaK, Ef-Tu and proteases), were downregulated. However, the growth of the cyanobacterium was significantly less affected after the 8th day of MP treatment and a number of proteins, viz., antioxidative enzymes, signalling protein, chaperones, were induced. Transcript analyses of the genes of few upregulated and downregulated proteins, i.e., phycocyanin α subunit (cpcA), ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (rbcl), F0F1 ATP synthase subunit α, F0F1 ATP synthase subunit β, SOD (sod), NifH (nif H), DnaK (dnaK) and Peptidase S8 showed similar results after the 8th day of MP treatment. Furthermore, some hypothetical proteins were also found to be upregulated in the cyanobacterium under MP stress. Functional prediction of four of these hypothetical proteins using bioinformatic tools revealed their roles in signalling and carbohydrate metabolism. Interestingly, one hypothetical protein was homologous to lectin and found to possess a binding pocket for MP. Therefore, this lectin-type protein of the cyanobacterium might have a crucial role in the removal and degradation of MP.

Sequential role of biosorption and biodegradation in rapid removal degradation and utilization of methyl parathion as a phosphate source by a new cyanobacterial isolate Scytonema sp. BHUS-5

ABSTRACTA new isolate of genus Scytonema distinct from its closest relative cyanobacterium, Scytonema hofmanni was found efficient in the removal and degradation of organophosphorus (OP) pesticide, methyl parathion (MP). The cyanobacterial isolate was also capable of utilizing the phosphorus present in the MP following its degradation, which was evident from the increase in growth (chlorophyll content), biomass, protein content, and total phosphorus in comparison to cyanobacterium grown in phosphate-deficient cultures. The rapid removal of MP by the cyanobacterium during initial 6 hours of incubation was defined by the pseudo-second-order biosorption kinetics model, which indicated the involvement of chemosorption in initial removal of pesticide. Further, degradation of MP was also confirmed by the appearance of p-nitrophenol in the medium after 24 hours of incubation. Thus, the cyanobacterial isolate of Scytonema sp. BHUS-5 seems to be a potential bioremediation agent for the removal of OP pesticide, MP from the habitat.

Biodegradation and rapid removal of methyl parathion by the paddy field cyanobacterium Fischerella sp.

A paddy field cyanobacterial isolate that is capable of degrading and utilizing the organophosphorus pesticide methyl parathion (MP) as a phosphate source has been characterized as Fischerella sp. To investigate the MP removal and degradation capabilities of this cyanobacterium along with the mechanism it has adopted to combat the pesticide's toxicity, different doses of MP (0, 5, 10, 20 and 30mgL−1) were applied to the cyanobacterial culture. At 20mgL−1 of MP, the cyanobacterium efficiently modulated its antioxidative defense system and its fatty acid and hydrocarbon profiles to support growth. The initial rapid removal of methyl parathion (~80%) was due to the adsorption of the pesticide onto the cyanobacterial surface. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectral analysis revealed that MP interacts with the OH group on the cell surface, and this chemical interaction may lead to chemisorptions. The initial removal pattern has followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics model of biosorption that also defines the chemisorptions mechanism. The appearance of p-nitrophenol in the medium coupled with modulation of the physiological indices of this cyanobacterium has indicated that biosorption followed by the simultaneous bioaccumulation and biodegradation of MP led to its complete removal from the medium. Under phosphorus-deficient conditions, MP exposure induced the growth and intracellular alkaline phosphatase activity of the cyanobacterium, which both support the view that the organism can use this pesticide as a phosphorus source. Thus, due to its tremendous efficiency in degrading and removing the organophosphorus pesticide MP, the isolated cyanobacterium Fischerella sp. can be used as a potent bioremediation agent.

The abiotic degradation of methyl parathion in anoxic sulfur-containing system mediated by natural organic matter

Although the kinetics and transformation of methyl parathion have been investigated extensively, its abiotic degradation mechanism in anoxic sulfur-containing groundwater system is still not clear. In this work, the abiotic degradation of methyl parathion in anoxic sulfur-containing system mediated by natural organic matter (NOM) was investigated in batch experiments. It was found that the removal of methyl parathion (up to 80.7%) was greatly improved in sulfide containing NOM compared to those in sulfide alone (with 15.5%) and in NOM alone (almost negligible). Various sulfur species presented significant differences in behaviors methyl parathion degradation, but followed by the pseudo-first-order model well. No facilitated degradation of methyl parathion was observed in sulfite (SO32-) or thiosulfate (S2O32-) containing NOM such as anthraquinone. Although elemental sulfur (S0) and cysteine could further improve the degradation rate of methyl parahtion, their impacts was very limited. The removal efficiency of methyl parathion in anoxic sulfur-containing system were related remarkably with NOM concentration and solution pH. Based on the transformation products identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometer (LC/HRMS), both the nitro group reduction and hydrolysis (SN@C) processes by sulfide (HS−) were further proved to be two predominant reaction mechanisms for the abiotic degradation of methyl parathion in anoxic sulfur-containing system. The results of this study help to understand the natural attenuation of methyl parathion under anoxic sulfide-containing groundwater system mediated by NOM.

Aqueous Methylparathion Removal by Ozonation and Optimization of Variables Using Central Composite Design of Experiments

In this research, the removal of methylparathion from aqueous solutions using ozonation process was assessed. Therefore, the response surface methodology and central composite design (CCD) of experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of individual operating variables and their interactions on the methylparathion (MP) removal with initial concentration of 1000 mg/L as fixed input parameter and the extent of MP degradation as responses. The effects of variables pH and reaction time were studied. Analysis of variance showed a high coefficient of determination value in the range of 0.9. The maximum degradation of methylparathion terms of MP removal (Y1), chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal (Y2) and total organic carbon (TOC) removal (Y3) were found to be 97 %, 92.4 % and 72 % respectively. p-nitrophenol and 3-methyl-2-(2-oxopropyl) furan were noted intermediates during the degradation. It was observed that optimum degradation of methylparathion can be successfully predicted statistically by CCD using ozonation. Keywords: Central Composite Design (CCD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), degradation, methylparathion, optimization, ozone catalyst.

Fenton oxidation of pesticide methyl parathion in aqueous solution: kinetic study of the degradation

The treatment of methyl parathion (MP) aqueous solution with the application of Fenton oxidation using catalyst (Fe2+) was investigated under batch mode of operation. The aims of this study are to evaluate the COD removal and removal efficiency of MP from aqueous solution by Fenton reagent and investigate the role of different parameters such as concentration of initial pH, Fe2+ dosage, H2O2 dosage, initial concentration of MP, temperature, and reaction time. The initial COD value was 440 mg/L for MP concentration of 11.4 × 10−5 M. It was observed that removal was faster at acidic pH and maximum COD and MP removal were 64.54 and 74%, respectively, at pH value 3. When vary the doses of H2O2, maximum COD and MP removal of 79 and 92%, respectively, were achieved at H2O2 concentration of 6.53 × 10−1 M, Fe2+ concentration 8.99 × 10−3 M and pH 3. Regarding degradation kinetics of MP, Behnajady–Modirshahla–Ghanbery model showed high correlation coefficient (R2) as compared with first‐order and second‐order models at different operating conditions using Fenton oxidation. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 420–427, 2017

Optimization of Fenton oxidation for the removal of methyl parathion in aqueous solution

Summary In the present study, for the treatment of methyl parathion, Fenton oxidation is adopted. The aims of this study were (a) to assess the removal efficiency in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD), (b) to scrutinize the influence of different parameters: initial pH, concentrations of H 2 O 2 and Fe 2+ and, (c) response surface methodology (RSM) was used to design the Fenton process. Three-level central composite design (CCD) was applied in designing the experiments to observe the effects of most important operating factors. The enactment of the model was judged with the analysis of variance (ANOVA). A quadratic model was used to represent the experimental data. The predicted values and experimental values were found to be in good agreement with the ( R 2 = 0.9891 and Adj- R 2 = 0.9877), which define the propriety of the model. The characteristic of methyl parathion bearing wastewater was concentration 30 mg/L, COD 440 mg/L, pH 6.5. Maximum removal efficiency was perceived at acidic pH value 3.

BOX-BEHNKEN EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN MEDIATED OPTIMIZATION OF AQUEOUS METHYLPARATHION BIODEGRADATION BY Pseudomonas aeruginosa mpd STRAIN

Biotreatment of methylparathion was studied in aqueous mineral salts medium containing bacterial culture to demonstrate the potential of the novel strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa mpd. A statistical Box–Behnken Design (BBD) of experiments was performed to evaluate the effects of individual operating variables and their interactions on the methylparathion removal with initial concentration of 1000 mg l-1 as fixed input parameter. The temperature (X1), pH (X2), reaction time (X3) and agitation (X4) were used as design factors. The result was shown that experimental data fitted with the polynomial model. Analysis of variance showed a high coefficient of determination value 0.9. The optimum biodegradation of MP in terms MP removal (Y1), COD removal (Y2) and TOC removal (Y3) were found to be 95.2 %, 82 % and 61.2 % respectively. The maximum growth (Y4) was 2.18 optical density (OD). The optimum biodegradation correspond to the factors combination of middle level of X1 (33 oC), X2 (7.0), X4 (150 rpm) and the highest level of X3 (96h). MP removal and its residues were detected using spectral analysis. The study demonstrates the optimum MP biodegradation potential of this strain could use MP as the sole Carbon/Phosphate source. BBD confirmed to be dependable in developing the model, optimizing factors and analyzing interaction effects. Data from this study will be helpful in the design of small-scale field experiments and subsequently an in situ methylparathion biotreatment system for field application.

Evaluation of ozonation technique for pesticide residue removal and its effect on ascorbic acid, cyanidin-3-glucoside, and polyphenols in apple (Malus domesticus) fruits.

Ozonated water dip technique was evaluated for the detoxification of six pesticides, i.e., chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, azoxystrobin, hexaconazole, methyl parathion, and chlorothalonil from apple fruits. Results revealed that ozonation was better than washing alone. Ozonation for 15 min decreased residues of the test pesticides in the range of from 26.91 to 73.58%, while ozonation for 30 min could remove the pesticide residues by 39.39-95.14 % compared to 19.05-72.80 % by washing. Cypermethrin was the least removed pesticide by washing as well as by ozonation. Chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, and azoxystrobin were removed up to 71.45-95.14 % in a 30-min ozonation period. In case of methyl parathion removal, no extra advantage could be obtained by ozonation. The HPLC analysis indicated that ozonation also affected adversely the ascorbic acid and cyanidin-3-glucoside content of apples. However, 11 polyphenols studied showed a mixed trend. Gallic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, catechin, epicatechin, p-coumaric acid, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin, and kaempferol were found to decrease while syringic acid, rutin, and resveratrol were found to increase in 30-min ozonation.

Simultaneous removal of methyl parathion and chlorpyrifos pesticides from model wastewater using coagulation/flocculation: Central composite design

Removal of common pesticides methyl parathion and chlorpyrios was investigated through coagulation/flocculation using two commercial coagulants alum [Al2(SO4)3·18H2O] and ferric chloride (FeCl3). The removal efficiency of both pesticides was evaluated by varying the initial pH (4–9), coagulant dose (20–120mg/L) and coagulant type. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to design the jar-test experiments and central composite design (CCD) was used to analyze the effects of initial pH and coagulant on COD and pesticide removal. The most significant effect on removal efficiency was observed with FeCl3. Optimum dose of alum and ferric chloride was found to be 80 and 60mg/L, respectively. The maximum concentration removal was 79% for methyl parathion and 82% for chlorpyrifos solution, respectively. The results demonstrated that FeCl3 caused higher removal compared to alum.

Pillared clays as catalysts for methyl parathion removal by advanced oxidation processes

Mineralisation of methyl parathion by the advanced Fenton process.

Removal of methyl parathion with DyP-type peroxidases as biocatalysts and further removal of methyl parathion with zeolite-Gd2YSbO7 as photocatalyst

Removal of methyl parathion with DyP-type peroxidases as biocatalysts and further removal of methyl parathion with zeolite-Gd2YSbO7 as photocatalyst

Gold nanoparticle chitosan composite hydrogel beads show efficient removal of methyl parathion from waste water

Removal of pesticides from waste water is extremely important for the avoidance of serious health risks. We report an environmentally benign synthetic approach to prepare sorbent–hydrogel composite beads, composed of gold nanoparticles (GNP) embedded in a cross-linked biocompatible chitosan polymer matrix, for removal of the pesticide methyl parathion (MP). The equilibrium sorption and kinetic data, at different initial MP concentrations, are analysed using various sorption isotherm and kinetic models. It is observed that the sorption process can be best described by the Langmuir isotherm model and that pseudo second-order kinetics are followed throughout the studied concentration range. The monolayer capacity of the beads with and without the GNP composite are determined to be 58 μmol g−1 and 11 μmol g−1, respectively, suggesting the potential usefulness of the former for the removal of MP. The results show that the synthesized sorbent has good potential for pesticide removal.

Chemodynamics of Methyl Parathion and Ethyl Parathion: Adsorption Models for Sustainable Agriculture

The toxicity of organophosphate insecticides for nontarget organism has been the subject of extensive research for sustainable agriculture. Pakistan has banned the use of methyl/ethyl parathions, but they are still illegally used. The present study is an attempt to estimate the residual concentration and to suggest remedial solution of adsorption by different types of soils collected and characterized for physicochemical parameters. Sorption of pesticides in soil or other porous media is an important process regulating pesticide transport and degradation. The percentage removal of methyl parathion and ethyl parathion was determined through UV-Visible spectrophotometer at 276 nm and 277 nm, respectively. The results indicate that agricultural soil as compared to barren soil is more efficient adsorbent for both insecticides, at optimum batch condition of pH 7. The equilibrium between adsorbate and adsorbent was attained in 12 hours. Methyl parathion is removed more efficiently (by seven orders of magnitude) than ethyl parathion. It may be attributed to more available binding sites and less steric hindrance of methyl parathion. Adsorption kinetics indicates that a good correlation exists between distribution coefficient (Kd) and soil organic carbon. A general increase in Kd is noted with increase in induced concentration due to the formation of bound or aged residue.

Bioaugmentation of a methyl parathion contaminated soil with Pseudomonas sp. strain WBC-3

Pseudomonas sp. strain WBC-3 utilizes methyl parathion (MP) and para-nitrophenol as the sole source of carbon, nitrogen and energy. In this study, strain WBC-3 was inoculated into lab-scale MP-contaminated soil for bioaugmentation. Accelerated removal of MP was achieved in bioaugmentation treatment compared to non-bioaugmentation treatment, with complete removal of 0.536 mg g−1 dry soil in bioaugmentation treatment within 15 days and without accumulation of toxic intermediates. The analysis of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and real-time PCR showed that strain WBC-3 existed stably during the entire bioaugmentation period. Simultaneously, redundancy analysis for evaluating the relationships between the environmental factors and microbial community structure indicated that the indigenous bacterial community structure was significantly influenced by strain WBC-3 inoculation (P = 0.002).