Semantic Analysis Method Research Articles

Can the machine smell? The problem of the universal olfactory dictionary

In technology research, much has been achieved in the field of visual and auditory analysis as compared to the perception of smells. This article discusses the latest advances in the field of electronic (E-nose) used to recognize the olfactory code. All studies can be conditionally divided according to the goals into: 1. Research aimed at the practical application of electronic systems in areas such as food industry, medicine, the environment, etc. 2. Research aimed at cognitive processes and psycho-emotional reactions of a person during olfactory experience, as well as the ability of a machine to predetermine human reactions to various smells. In this case, an important role is played by language, which acts as a representation of olfactory sensations. The methods of conceptual and semantic analysis are becoming more and more in demand in studies devoted to machine recognition of the olfactory code.

Semantic Role Labeling Based on Valence Structure and Deep Neural Network

Semantic roles labeling is a kind of shallow semantic analysis. Existing Chinese semantic analysis methods and semantic roles labeling systems do not effectively characterize Chinese essential features, and it causes the currently larger difference between Chinese SRL systems and English SRL systems. Valence structures can better characterize syntactic structures and semantic constitution relations of Chinese sentences, so we incorporated the valence information of predicates into semantic roles labeling. Experimental results show that proper use of valence information significantly improves the performance of semantic roles labeling system: the verbal SRL approach achieves the performance of 93.69% in F1-measure and the nominal SRL approach achieves the performance of 79.23% in F1-measure on golden parse trees and golden predicates, and all outperform the state-of-the-art SRL systems. In recent years, end-to-end semantic role labeling based on deep neural networks has attracted more and more attention. However, current semantic role labeling methods use deep neural networks without language features. We propose a deep neural network model that integrates valence information, which was evaluated on the CoNLL-2005, CoNLL-2012 shared task datasets, and achieved better results than previous work: the performance of the CoNLL-2005 shared task dataset is improved 0.74 percentage points; the semantic role labeling methods proposed in this paper achieved an F1 value of 84.80% in CoNLL-2012 shared task datasets.

«Умлаут» как терминологическое отражение межъязыковых связей в лингвистике

The article examines the history of appearance of the term "umlaut" in the terminology of Russian linguistics. Using the methods of historical-linguistic, definitional and semantic analysis of scholarly and scientific-theoretical sources (grammars, grammar treatises and dictionaries) published in Russia in the period from the late 18 th century to the mid 20 th century, the author traces the evolution of the phonetic status of umlaut. It was ascertained that in the 18 th century, in line with the traditions, established by the German grammarians, umlaut was first considered a diphthong, since it was widely believed to be a combination of two sounds pronounced together. It is shown that in the late 18 th century, the approach to the evaluation of the umlaut's status begins to change. This is to be explained by the change of scientific and linguistic paradigm in Russian linguistics. The facts of terminological variation are revealed and characterized. In the course of its existence, the term "umlaut", which entered Russian linguistic terminology only by the end of the first third of the 20 th century, received several one-word or compound names: "ogolosok" (1799), "peremena glasnykh" (vowel change) (1844), "perezvuk" (1845), "pereglasovka" (1857), "sliyaniye glasnykh" (vowel fusion) (1864), "izmeneniye glasnykh" (vowel mutation) (1871), "pereglasovaniye" (1882), "suzhivaniye glasnykh" (vowel narrowing) (1895). Until now, only the synonym "pereglasovka" has been preserved.

The cultural code of "Numbers" in the Jewish pictorial Semiosis of the Crimea

The subject of the study is the cultural code of "Numbers", covering numerical symbols and their embodiment in the pictorial semiosis of the Jews of the Crimea. The object of the study is the traditional compositions and images associated with the symbolism of numbers in the pictorial practice of the Jews of the Crimea. The research uses methods of semiotic and semantic analysis in deciphering the meanings of numeric symbols and their embodiment in the Jewish pictorial semiosis of the Crimea, the method of analyzing previous research on the topic, the synthesis method in generalizing the meanings of numeric symbols. In the article, the authors consider such aspects of the topic as: the codes of the pictorial semiosis of the Jews of the Crimea are defined, their system, etymology, key meanings and the main code are indicated. The code of the Number and its features are considered in detail. The main conclusions of the study are: 1.The result of the consideration of the traditional culture of the Jews of the Crimea was the definition of five codes of the Jewish pictorial semiosis, including groups of images: phytomorphic, zoomorphic, skewomorphic, numerical. The Sefer code (Book) is a generalizing one. The interrelationships of the codes are structured, as a result of which the key meanings are revealed – Creation, Paradise, Torah persons, Messianic aspirations. The semantic center of the codes is defined – Aron Hakodesh - the repository of the Torah, which is the source of all Jewish doctrine. 2.The considered Number code includes images, the number of which has a symbolic meaning, the basis of which lies in the Torah. The main numbers mentioned in the Torah, their meanings and their embodiment in traditional pictorial practice are considered. In addition to the direct mention of numbers in the Torah, the meanings of numeric symbols follow from Kabbalah, which translates alphabetic values into numeric ones (due to the same spelling of numeric and alphabetic symbols in Hebrew). Scientific novelty of the study: for the first time, the interrelationships of cultural codes in the pictorial semiosis of the Jews of the Crimea were determined. The author's concept of the sacred geometric code of numbers in Judaism is presented on the basis of the study of the Torah, as well as the classical philosophy of the Pythagoreans and Platonists.

Языковая репрезентация концепта «market» в атрибутивных конструкциях (на материале британского публицистического текста)

The article reveals the notion of “attribute” and provides the characteristic features of the attributive syntactic structures of the analyzed concept “market”. The purpose of the study is to describe the structure and semantics of the following syntactic models: N + N, P + N, DJ + N, PT + N, NU + N, with the nuclear lexeme “market” in publicistic texts. The relevance of the work is due to the insufficiency of study of the concept we are examining at the syntactic level. The main focus is on the analysis of prepositional one- and two-component attributive structures, as well as the characteristics of the semantic relationships of the elements of the phrase. The material for the study was the articles from the magazine “The Economist” (2023). In the course of the work, the methods of conceptual, contextual, semantic and logical analysis were used. The results of the research showed that the syntactic structures of the substantive and adjective group are the most frequent in the studied texts. The connection of the lexemes within the selected contexts is conditioned on semantic relationships of performance, belonging or purpose. Consideration of attributive phrases makes it possible to expand the following slots of the concept under study: market mechanism, market structure and state of market by including lexemes defining the core lexical unit.

Social Network and Semantic Analysis of Roe v. Wade’s Reversal on Twitter

On June 24, 2022, the Supreme Court released its decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health, which officially repealed Roe v. Wade and its subsequent rulings. Employing social network analysis and semantic analysis methods, the current project reviews the public reaction among Twitter users shared from the May 2 draft leak to the June 24 official repeal, using a series of Twitter hashtags related to Roe v. Wade. The project identified the main influencers within the network, namely, journalist/news organizations, Internet celebrities, activists/activist groups, professional/non-profit organizations, and politicians/political organizations through social network analysis. Through semantic analysis, the authors found prominent themes such as legal concerns, discourse on reproductive rights, distrusting of Supreme Court’s authority, and political nepotism. The results offer policy implications and communication message strategies to healthcare providers and policymakers. The authors believe that the polarizing nature of Roe v. Wade-related issues will be a crucial factor in shaping voters’ decisions during the upcoming 2024 presidential election.

Representation of the mind in Russian, French and Chinese languages and cultures

The author examines the idea of "mind" in three linguistic pictures of the world - Russian, French and Chinese. The study is contrastive, the results are compared. The description of each idea is made according to a clear algorithm: the etymology of the word, the mythological roots of the concept, its compatibility, from the compatibility is distinguished real connotation according to V. A. Uspensky, a comparison of dictionary definitions is made. The aim of the study is to identify the peculiarities of the idea of "mind" in the Russian, French and Chinese languages. The purpose of the comparison is to see the similarities and differences in the worldview of different peoples. Scientific methods of research are: comparative-historical method, method of generalization, method of semantic analysis. This topic is understudied, no linguocultural studies analyzing this idea in Russian, French and Chinese culture have been observed earlier, which constitutes the scientific novelty of the work. The results will contribute to mutual understanding between peoples, forming a kind of conceptual bridge, and will also be used in courses on regional studies, comparative studies of cultures, and in the teaching of the respective languages.

The idea of truth in Russian, French and Chinese languages and cultures

The article examines the idea of "truth" in three linguistic pictures of the world - Russian, French and Chinese. The study is contrastive, the results are compared. The description of each idea is made according to a clear algorithm: the etymology of the word, the mythological roots of the concept, its compatibility, from the compatibility is distinguished real connotation according to V. A. Uspensky, a comparison of dictionary definitions is made.The aim of the study is to identify the peculiarities of the idea of "truth" in the Russian, French and Chinese languages. The purpose of the comparison is to see the similarities and differences in the worldview of different peoples. Scientific methods of research are: comparative-historical method, method of generalization, method of semantic analysis. This topic is understudied, no linguocultural studies analyzing this idea in Russian, French and Chinese culture have been observed earlier, which constitutes the scientific novelty of the work. The results will contribute to mutual understanding between peoples, forming a kind of conceptual bridge, and will also be used in courses on regional studies, comparative studies of cultures, and in the teaching of the respective languages.

METHODS OF SUPPORTING THE DECISION-MAKING ON THE POSSIBILITY OF PROVIDING GENERAL MEDICAL, THERAPEUTIC AND DENTAL SERVICES ON THE BASIS OF CIVIL LAW

The article proposes a method for semantic analysis (parsing) of natural language general contracts for the provision of medical services and derivative contracts – contracts for the provision of therapeutic services and contracts for the provision of dental services – which forms the input data for the method of decision support for the provision of general medical services on the basis of civil law, for the method of decision support for the provision of therapeutic services on the basis of civil law, and also for the method of decision support for the provision of dental services on the basis of civil law. The developed method of semantic analysis (parsing) of natural language contracts differs from the known ones in that it is based on the requirements of the current civil law regarding medical decision-making. Since in order to determine the possibility/impossibility of making a medical decision, it is only necessary to know whether each essential condition is present or absent in the contract, the method of contract parsing is simple and straightforward. The simplicity of this method ensures high speed and low cost of parsing natural language contracts. The article develops methods for supporting decision-making on the possibility of providing medical services, therapeutic services and dental services on the basis of civil law, which reflect the peculiarities of making a decision on the provision or non-provision of certain medical services based on compliance with the requirements of civil law to such services and to the execution of a civil law contract for the provision of such services, ensures adaptation to the specifics of the subject area, and allows preventing negative consequences for the clinic and its patients (for example, prevent the impossibility of bringing the guilty party to justice), and is the theoretical basis for the development of information technology to support medical decision-making based on civil law.

CONDITIONALITY OF NOTION “COMPLEXITY” IN TERMINOLOGY OF CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURAL FORM-GENERATION

Problem statement. As a starting point, the article takes the need for constant revision of basic architectural categories and notions, caused by events associated with the emergence in the 1990s − digital non-linear architecture. As the culmination of the postmodern period, digital architecture continues to enrich its paradigm with a focus on complexity of architectural forms. However, based on the current complexity sciences achievements, digital architecture takes complexity with understanding not encountered previously in architectural design theory. The equivocality of notion definition of «complexity» is accepted as a research problem. The purpose of the article. The purpose of the research is to define notion of «complexity» in the context of contemporary architectural form-generation. Methods. The method of semantic analysis was chosen as the main one. Conclusion. The relationship between the notions of form and complexity is revealed, based on a historical analysis of the notion definitions of «form». The term definition of «architectural form» is given through the connection of form and content, that reviles the key aspects of contemporary architectural form content. Changes in the content of notion definitions of «complexity» are analyzed from the design methodology standpoint and general scientific methods. The meaning of complexity is revealed at three levels of form perception: morphological, symbolic and phenomenological levels. The conditionality of necessity and emergence causes of complexity in contemporary architectural forms as a result of changes in the society value orientations is considered. Examples of the gradual implementation of principles and the influence of complexity science upon the architecture theory are given. Taking into account the considered features of complexity understanding and ideas about complex objects taken from complexity theories, a notion definition that does not cause difficulties in application of «complexity» is formulated. Conclusions with nuances of application and characteristics of the obtained definition are given. The possibilities for the further implementation of relevant systemic ideas about city and urban environment that capable to introduce architecture to a new scientific world picture are determined.

URDU TRANSLATION AND CROSS-LANGUAGE VALIDATION OF THE MULTI-DIMENSIONAL JEALOUSY SCALE AMONG MARRIED INDIVIDUALS OF LAHORE PAKISTAN

The current study translated and validated the Multi-Dimensional Jealousy Scale (MJS) from English into Urdu. Age ranges of the participants varied from 25- 50 years (M = 29.14, SD = 08.12, and separate data were used for cross-language validation (n = 80), Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) n = 130, and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) n = 150 with same credentials. Semantic analysis and forward-back translation methods (Brislin, 1976) were used for translation purposes. Psychometric properties and cross-language validation results showed good internal consistency and reliability. Findings also retained the original factor structure with little variations on the current sample. Urdu MJS will help family-couple therapists and researchers to effectively deal with cognitive, emotional, and behavioral jealousy in the cultural context of Pakistan.

Model of Lexico-Semantic Bonds between Texts for Creating Their Similarity Metrics and Developing Statistical Clustering Algorithm

To solve the problem of text clustering according to semantic groups, we suggest using a model of a unified lexico-semantic bond between texts and a similarity matrix based on it. Using lexico-semantic analysis methods, we can create “term–document” matrices based both on the occurrence frequencies of words and n-grams and the determination of the degrees of nodes in their semantic network, followed by calculating the cosine metrics of text similarity. In the process of the construction of the text similarity matrix using lexical or semantic analysis methods, the cosine of the angle for a vector pair describing such texts will determine the degree of similarity in the lexical or semantic presentation, respectively. Based on the averaging procedure described in this paper, we can obtain a matrix of cosine metric values that describes the lexico-semantic bonds between texts. We propose an algorithm for solving text clustering problems. This algorithm allows one to use the statistical characteristics of the distribution functions of element values in the rows of the cosine metric value matrix in the model of the lexico-semantic bond between documents. In addition, this algorithm allows one to separately describe the matrix of the cosine metric values obtained separately based on the lexical or semantic properties of texts. Our research has shown that the developed model for the lexico-semantic presentation of texts allows one to slightly increase the accuracy of their subsequent clustering. The statistical text clustering algorithm based on this model shows excellent results that are comparable to those of the widely used affinity propagation algorithm. Additionally, our algorithm does not require specification of the degree of similarity for combining vectors into a common cluster and other configuration parameters. The suggested model and algorithm significantly expand the list of known approaches for determining text similarity metrics and their clustering.

Representation of the Green Color in Journalistic Texts by English and German Nouns and Verbs

The purpose of the proposed work is to identify similarities and differences in the manifestation of green symbolism in English and German journalistic texts, the sources of which were online media. The subject of the study is the semantics of English and German nouns and verbs representing the green color in the compared languages. The symbolism of this color designation was chosen due to its insufficient study in the framework of comparative linguistics. In this article, based on the material of lexicographic sources, the dictionary meanings of these lexemes are determined, which can display the symbolism of the studied color in journalistic texts in English and German. The scientific novelty of this study is that for the first time it establishes similarities and differences in the transmission of green symbolism through nouns and verbs on the material of modern English and German journalistic texts. It was found that in English texts, in comparison with German texts, a greater number of nouns denoting green are used. In the course of the study, the comparative method, the method of semantic analysis, the modeling method, the quantitative method and the method of component analysis were used. As a result of the conducted research, it was revealed that in English journalistic texts, the symbolism of the green color, represented by nouns and verbs, is used to neutralize the green color of objects of material reality. In addition, the green color is able to display the positive symbolism of the permission of the requested action, environmental protection. In German journalistic texts, the symbolism of the green color can be both positive and negative. Basically, there is a positive symbolism of green when it comes to environmental protection. The symbolism can also be negative when the political activity of the Green Party in Germany is sharply criticized.

“Russia, Rossia, Rus, Kolomna: Province”: Conceptualization of Space in B. Pylnyak’s Novel “Volga Flows into Caspian Sea”

The principles of structuring and methods of objectification of the spatial continuum in B. Pylnyak’s novel “The Volga flows into the Caspian Sea” are investigated. Particular attention is focused on the lexical representation of space as a basic category of the author’s language picture of the world. The novelty of the research consists in the identification, systematization and description of linguistic material, which allows to determine individual author’s features in the creation of the spatial continuum of B. Pylniak’s novel. The relevance of the article is due to addressing the problem of linguistic expression of world-modeling universals in a literary text. The article uses methods of semantic and linguistic stylistic analysis, comparison and description of language units. It helps us to identify and consider the means of lexical representation of the spatial model created in the novel “Volga Falls into Caspian Sea”, which is characterized by kaleidoscopicity, dynamism and the combination of different spatial planes. During the research, the author comes to conclusions containing the characteristics of the main types of space in B. Pylniak’s novel, taking into account the individual features of the author’s world modeling, as well as the substantiation of the revealed linguistic parameters of the writer’s idiostyle.

Speech Strategies of Defamation (Based upon Experience of Forensic Linguists)

The article considers the repertoire of direct and indirect speech tactics applied to implement strategy of defamation of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation employed to defend Russian Federation’s interests and its citizens’ interests, support international piece and safety; defamation of Russian government authorities executing defense of Russian Federation’s interests and its citizens’ interests. The material of research – video files, pictures, screenshots of the social nets, containing the signs of defamation. The method of discourse analysis, semantic analysis, motivation and target analysis are used in the research. The typical set of speech tactics of defamation strategy was revealed. The set is a certain basis for a linguist to qualify utterances as defamatory.

Эмоциональная доминанта текста: некоторые лингвистические аспекты исследования

The article reviews the aspects of research into the text emotional dominant by linguistic methods, which allow to limit variability of the meaning interpretation. The relevance of the research topic is determined by the lack of competent studies on the methods of emotional dominant disclosure in the text content. Despite certain scientific and practical significance, modern text linguistics and linguistics of emotions demonstrate relative unevenness in the procedures of analysis development, which are, however, likely to clarify a number of theoretical problems: to make distinction between the concepts of psychological and textual dominants, subjective comprehension of the text and its objective contents; to extract the emotional constituent from the generalized content dominant in the text; to state correlation between a set of emotive signs and communicative aims of the author by means of multidimensional and multistaged analysis. In the article the emotional texts are studied by means of linguistic methods of semantic and contextual analysis, emotive analysis of language and text units and modificational procedure of keywords determination with the aim to identify the emotional dominant and define its characteristics proceeding from the signs unity to the generalized emotional content of the text, then to the conceptual dominants and communicative goals of the text composer. The analysis led to revelation of the following emotional characteristics in the text content: emotive complexes, emotional attractors, false dominant, random stimulus, false determination of emotion. The identified parameters and approaches to the analysis should foster studies on the linguistic aspect of the emotional text dominant, as well as refine practical methods for its accurate determination in modern textual contents.

The cultural code "Rimon" in the pictorial semiosis of the Jews of Crimea

The subject of the study is the cultural code "Rimon", covering phytomorphic symbolic images in the Jewish pictorial semiosis. The object of the study is the traditional symbolism in the pictorial practice of the Jews of the Crimea. The article uses the methods of semantic and semiotic analysis in deciphering the meanings of plant symbols of the pictorial semiosis of the Jews of the Crimea, the method of analysis of previous studies, the method of synthesis in structuring groups of signs. The authors consider the following aspects of the topic: the codes of the pictorial semiosis of the Jews of the Crimea are designated, their morphology, semantics, key meanings and the main code are substantiated. The phytomorphic Rimon code and its features are considered in detail. The main conclusions of the study are: 1. As a result of studying the traditional culture of the Jews of the Crimea, five main codes of the Jewish pictorial semiosis were identified, covering the following groups of symbols: skewomorphic (subject), phytomorphic (plant), zoomorphic (animal), numeric. The source of all codes and the generalizing code is the Sefer code (Book). The interrelationships between the codes, four key meanings – Creation, Paradise, Torah persons and Messianic aspirations are revealed. The semantic center of the code system is defined – the Torah and Aron Hakodesh, as a repository of the Torah. 2. The considered phytomorphic code Rimon is a symbolism of traditional images of plants, the mention of which is found in the Torah, as well as in the Talmud and Midrash. The images of plants in the Jewish reading convey the meanings of human virtues and negative qualities, and also indicate the Messianic hopes laid down in the Torah and especially in the Midrash of the Talmud.The scientific novelty of the study consists in the fact that for the first time a semantic-semantic analysis was carried out and the interrelationships of cultural codes in the pictorial semiosis of the Jews of the Crimea were determined, with an emphasis on the Rimon code.

Attributive Valence of the German verb GEHEN and the Russian Verb ИДТИ (Cognitive Aspect)

The aim of the work is to identify similarities and differences in the attributive valence of the German verb of movement "gehen" and the Russian verb "идти" in German and Russian. The subject of the study is the sectors of the manifestation of the attributive valence of the above-mentioned verbs in the cognitive aspect. These verbs are considered only in their direct sense, namely from the point of view of transmitting the expression of a person's movement from one point to another. The attributive valence of verbs of movement was chosen due to its insufficient study in comparative linguistics from the position of cognitive linguistics. In the study, the comparative method was used as the main one; methods of semantic and cognitive analysis were also used. The material of the analyzed examples was German and Russian lexicographic sources. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the fact that it reveals for the first time similar and specific cognitive sectors of the manifestation of the attributive valence of the German verb "gehen" and the Russian verb "идти". As a result of the study, the presence of such sectors of attributive valence as "direction of movement", "type of movement" and "pace of movement" was revealed in the verb "gehen". The analyzed examples of the Russian verb "идти" showed the presence of the following sectors: "time", "direction" and "type of movement", "accomplice of movement", "pace of movement" and mixed cases. As a result of comparative analysis, it was found that in German and Russian there are the following similar sectors of the attributive valence of human movement: "direction", "type" and "pace of movement", and the sectors "direction of movement" and "pace of movement" significantly prevail quantitatively in the analyzed examples. The article also draws conclusions about the peculiarity of the perception of the directional movement of a person in the Russian and German linguistic cultures.

A latent semantic analysis method for ranking the results of human disease search engine

The human disease search engine based on the search query about disease factors (symptom, cause, position happening symptoms, i.e.,) helps users to conveniently diagnose the disease they may have anytime, anywhere. Therefore, the disease results returned by the search engine need to be accurate and ranked reasonably so that users can know which disease has the highest probability for their search query. We propose a method to arrange the returned diseases based on the latent semantic analysis (LSA) technique. This method helps to rank the disease results reasonably and meaningfully because it not only exploits the matching term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) scores between the disease factors in the query and the disease results, but it also exploits the implicit relationship between the disease factors in the search query and the disease factors in the disease results.

Axiology of power in the Russian language and culture

The relevance of linguocultural modeling of power is due to the high importance of this phenomenon in institutional and personal communication and the multidimensionality of its evaluative characteristics. The aim of the study is to identify and describe linguistically relevant norms of behavior encoded in the concept of “power”. The data from dictionaries and reference books, examples from the National Corpus of the Russian Language, poetic and prose texts in Russian were used as material for the analysis. Methods of semantic, contextual, interpretative and associative analysis were applied. It has been established that power in the conceptual plane represents coercion and includes: (1) the condition (force, authority, tradition or law); (2) struggle for getting and keeping power; (3) manifestation of power (persons or organizations vested with power, the sphere of power application and the degree of coercion); (4) power assessment (fair/unfair, cruel/merciful, effective/ineffective). In figurative terms, the situational characteristics of power manifestation, verbalized in texts and reactions of the informants, were highlighted. The conceptualization of power is discursively specific. The authors revealed that the most vivid situational characteristics of power implementation in relation to its representatives are noted in journalistic texts. In fiction texts (mainly in poetry), power is shown as an irresistible force. In evaluative terms, it is possible to identify norms of behavior associated with the understanding of power - its acceptance as the most important condition of social order and condemnation of excessive striving for power and its abuse. These norms expressed in proverbs, jokes and aphorisms largely coincide, differing in that proverbs recommend to stay away from power, jokes sharply criticize corruption in power, aphorisms give a holistic picture of the proper behavior of the power holders and their subordinates. Prospects for the study consist in defining linguistically relevant personal typological evaluations of power.