Production Management Methods Research Articles

Estimating Impact of Conventional and System of Rice Intensification (SRI) Methods of Rice Production Management on Sustainable Livelihood Generation in the Context of Climate Change in Maharashtra, India: A Factor Analysis

The global agricultural community has been preparing to face the imminent threat posed by climate change as projections by scientific communities complement the fact that food production will be affected adversely in the near future. The Indian subcontinent has not been explicit about the effects of natural disasters like floods and cyclones caused due to climatic changes. The aberrant weather patterns along with the inconsistent output of monsoon create unprecedented challenges for the rice-dominated farming system to thrive. It directly impacts the livelihood of the farmers making them economically vulnerable. Thus, it has become necessary for the research community to explore different causal dimensions related to rice production and suggest remedies for the constantly changing agroecosystem. This study aimed to investigate different indicators of impact on sustainable livelihood generation through rice production management in light of climate change in both conventional as well as SRI methods of rice production. An ex post facto research design was adopted for conducting the study. Purposive sampling was used to select the state, district, and talukas keeping in view the backwardness and agricultural status of the area of the study. Using a simple random sampling method, two hundred (200) respondents were selected from two talukas of the Bhandara district of Maharashtra. In case of results found in conventional method of rice production, the variables, Water management, Farm size, Education, Irrigation index%, Selling% and Risk orientation have contributed 9.996 per cent of variance and clubbed into Factor 1. On the other hand, in the case of SRI method, Factor 1 has the following variables i.e., Farm size, Family income primary, Education, Primary occupation, Mass media exposure, Family education status and Sowing time which has contributed 9.54 per cent of variance and has been renamed as ‘Family capability’.

Workshop production management methods

The contribution is devoted to a mechanical engineering company, then the methods of workshop production management and the systems that are used in this management are discussed in detail. At the beginning of the practical part, the current state of workshop management is identified using a questionnaire. In the second part, there is an analysis of workshop management in the company and a proposal for improving the given management

Evaluation and treatment of casing pressure in injection/production wells of SQ underground gas storage

The evaluation and management of sustaining casing pressure (SCP) in injection/production wells of underground gas storage(UGS) is an important part of the wellbore integrity. SQ underground gas storage has experienced ten complete injection/production cycles, which puts forward high requirements on management of well integrity. At present, there are different degrees of SCP of injection/production wells of SQ UGS, which seriously threatens the safety of the UGS. This paper analyzes casing pressure in different injection/ production stages and working conditions of injection/production wells, combined with API RP 90-2, NORSOK, ISO/TS 16530-2, SY/T5724-2008 standards. We established an SCP evaluation process and a static and dynamic SCP risk evaluation system, and then proposed a four-level risk control mode for UGS injection/production wells. We formulated a production management method for wells with SCP, constantly improved the operating environment of UGS wells. We managed the injection /production wells with SCP higher than the MAWOP, especially the annular leak problem of well S7. The SCP treatment achieves effective plugging, guarantees the integrity of the injection /production wells, and achieves good repair effect, which has certain guiding significance for the evaluation of the integrity of the injection/production wells of the UGS and the management of the SCP.

Techniques for Conservation Tillage under 15–25% Slope: Soil and Water Conservation, Maize Yield and Yield Components in Basketo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

In steeply sloping regions of Ethiopia, water erosion is the primary cause of soil erosion and land degradation. Poor management of watersheds, inappropriate farming practices, and heavy rainfall all contribute to a continuous process of soil nutrient depletion in mountainous places. A quick loss of soil organic matter, soil deterioration, and a decline in environmental quality could result from the main farmer practice restrictions during plowing. To maintain agricultural productivity and environmental quality, a better farming system is therefore a significant method. This study was conducted in 3 farmer’s fields to investigate the significance of different cultivation practices on soil loss and maize yield under a slope of 19 % during cropping season in 2016 and 2018 at Motkesa Kebele of Basketo Zone, southern Ethiopia. The trial was laid out using a randomized complete block design through four treatments replicated three times on run-off plots. Experimental treatments used in the area were (strip tillage, zero tillage, reduced tillage and farmer practice) with maize planting at a spacing of 25cm by 75cm between plants and between rows respectively. According to the research result zero tillage decreased mean soil loss by 70% -74 % compared with conventional tillage (P < 0.05) and zero tillage has a great potential of controlling soil erosion on steep lands. Additionally, zero tillage was effective in conserving soil moisture increased (36-42%) compared with conventional tillage practices. According to the results of our research data, we advise that in smallholder household farms, the implementation of conservation agriculture has a cost-effective production management method, saves raw materials, increases yield, and reduces manual labor. Further studies are also encouraged in the same agroecology to promote the conservation agriculture system.
 Keywords: Conservation tillage; maize yield and yield components; soil moisture, soil loss

The impact of innovative technologies on the informatization of the economy

Subject. The article addresses the impact of innovative technologies on the economic sphere. Objectives. The aim is to identify the effect of the latest technologies on economic processes by considering the introduced innovations in the production of a particular sector of the economy. Methods. The study draws on general scientific methods of research. Results. The paper unveils the topic of using modern technologies, emerging in the market, in the informatization of the economy, reviews new technologies, i.e. artificial intelligence, including machine learning, and blockchain, enabling the State and business to accelerate their digital transformation and even change its scale. It also shows the effect of the influence of each technology in practice. Conclusions. The introduction of innovations contributes to higher competitiveness of the economy, renewal of the market, improvement of the quality and increase in the range of goods and services, the use of new methods of production, product sales, and better management. Many companies are making a significant leap in economic activity, thanks to the latest information technologies. Informatization gives a large increase in utility as it uses precise algorithms, the analysis of which, if performed by a man, would take a lot of time, and the machine copes with this in a fraction of a second.

Frontier academic research in OECD countries: the role of institutional factors

AbstractThis paper examines the effect of frontier academic research on technological development and the way institutional quality influences this impact. Using a dataset that covers 18 OECD countries over the 2003–2017 period, we find that frontier academic research exerts an important influence on total factor productivity. First, frontier academic research induces technological change by directly enhancing production processes and management methods. Second, frontier academic research stimulates industrial innovations, which in turn improves productivity. Regarding the moderating effect of institutional variables on these relationships, we find that positive moderation only exists for some, not all, of the institutional variables. In that case, a higher level of these variables is found to strengthen the way countries reap benefits from frontier academic research and industrial innovation. However, the moderation of institutions is much less clear with the process that turns frontier academic research into industrial innovations.

TIG welding of 1.4462 duplex steel in antenna and car structures

Purpose: The aim of the article was to obtain high-quality connectors for the automotive industry and antenna structures. Design/methodology/approach: For the welding joint the duplex steel and parameters of TIG welding process were chosen. The mechanical properties of the joint were carefully checked. Findings: Relations between process parameters and the quality of welds. Research limitations/implications: In the future, it can be suggested to investigate the effect of micro addition of nitrogen in gaseous shielding mixtures of the welding process. Practical implications: The development allows to obtain high-quality welded joints made of duplex steel. The solution can be implemented in the automotive industry or for the production of antenna structures. Social implications: Modifying the welding method will not affect the environment and production management methods. Originality/value: The article is addressed to manufacturers of stainless steel for automotive industry and to manufacturers of antenna instrumentation. Keywords: welding, 1.4462, duplex, automotive, antenna. Category of the paper: Research or technical papers.

Dissimilar metal welding of S690 QL with DOCOL 1400 M steel for the structures of various means of transport

Purpose: The novelty and the aim of the article is to check the possibility of dissimilar welding of two grades of steel with significantly different properties. Design/methodology/approach: Two various materials have been checked in welding in order to obtain a high-quality joint of various means of transport. The properties of the joint were checked by NDT (Non Destructive Test) and also bending and tensile strength were tested. Findings: Relations between process parameters and the quality of welds. Research limitations/implications: In the future, it can be suggested to investigate the effect of micro addition of nitrogen and oxygen in gas shielding mixtures of the MIG/MAG welding process. Practical implications: The proposed innovation will not cause problems in the production process provided that the technological regime will be respected. Social implications: Modifying the welding method will not affect the environment and production management methods. Producing dissimilar welds (although it is very difficult) translates into large savings. Originality/value: It is to propose a new solution with its scientific justification. The article is addressed to manufacturers of high-strength steel and advanced high-strenth steel for automotive industry and other means of transport. Keywords: dissimilar welding, S690 QL, DOCOL 1400 M, transport, shielding gas mixture, production savings. Category of the paper: Research paper.

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ СТРАТЕГИИ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ФИНАНСОВОЙ ГРАМОТНОСТИ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ

In a rapidly changing economic environment, increasing the financial literacy of the population is becoming a matter not only of the personal well-being of citizens, but also an important factor in the socio-economic development of the country. In addition, in recent years, more and more attention is paid not only to improving the degree of financial knowledge and skills of people, but also to tools for measuring their level. In this regard, methodological approaches to the effective implementation of the strategy of this priority area are more relevant than ever. The analysis of the existing methodological aspects allowed the authors to systematize the information in order to summarize the existing approaches to improving financial literacy and identify general patterns and trends in this area. It has been established that, depending on the context, the interpretation of financial literacy indicators may be different. Obviously, in order to fully understand the level of measurement and interpretation of financial literacy indicators, it is advisable to combine all the analyzed approaches, which will make it possible to determine the priority vectors for the effective implementation of the strategy. The main problems in the implementation of programs to improve the financial literacy of the population are identified and methods of lean production and risk management are proposed to improve the effectiveness of the strategy to improve financial literacy. The implementation of the former can significantly increase the effectiveness of government programs to improve financial literacy and improve the financial education of the population as a whole, the latter will make it possible to identify, assess and manage the risks associated with insufficient financial knowledge and skills of citizens. A SWOT analysis was used to assess the potential advantages and disadvantages of implementing these methods.

Оценка степени инновационной готовности системной трансформации менеджмента в условиях перехода к шестому технологическому укладу

The relevance of the study is due to the need for Russia to actively enter the new post-industrial technological paradigm of the sixth generation, which requires not only an infrastructural basis, but also a scientific and managerial potential. These circumstances, characterized by high rates of change, actualize the tasks of rethinking the value orientations of the management of industrial enterprises, especially in terms of technologies, methods and management tools, focused on the priorities of innovative development, which are reasonably considered as the managerial basis for technological modernization of the economy based on innovative solutions. The purpose of the work is to assess the degree of readiness for the transformation of management systems in the context of the transition to the sixth technological paradigm in the context of studying the innovative activity of industrial entities in the field of developed production technologies, including integrated management and control (advanced methods of organization and production management). The article examines dynamic, structural, trend qualitative variations of the developed advanced production technologies in the Russian Federation for 2000–2021 based on a significant amount of statistical data. The authors concluded that there are positive growth dynamics of developed advanced production technologies, qualitative structural shifts towards Russian developments.

Improving business performance through TPM method: The evidence from the production and processing of crude oil.

Nowadays, customers expect manufacturers to supply high quality products, on-time deliveries and competitive prices. The consequence of the increased market requirements is the need to maintain high reliability and efficiency of machines and the production process. The existing methods of production management have proved to be inefficient enough to maintain the company’s competitive position on the market. The Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) concept is one of the tools to maximize equipment efficiency by establishing an optimal relationship between people and machines. The aim of the article is to present the issues related to TPM and demonstrate in the process of empirical research that it serves the purpose of improving efficiency and supports quality in the enterprise. The considerations are based on the thesis that TPM is an economical variant of maintenance and guarantees stability, quality and maximization of production efficiency. The article presents the results of empirical research in an enterprise extracting and processing pre-crudes and gas from Caspian Sea. The data from the SAP management system of the investigated enterprise were used. Based on 146 maintenance orders for 40 devices, a correlation between preventive and corrective maintenance was determined using statistical tools. The main goal of the study was to show whether preventive maintenance reduces the occurrence of failures contributing to the elimination of disturbances in the production process. In addition, we analyzed real cases of equipment failures to answer the question whether the procedure of preventive maintenance of equipment in the studied population would prevent the occurrence of these defects. The empirical study demonstrated a clear impact of Preventive Maintenance on limiting the occurrence of equipment failures, and thus production disturbances.

Solar Energy Demand-to-Supply Management by the On-Demand Cumulative-Control Method: Case of a Childcare Facility in Tokyo

In recent years, environmental and energy issues relating to global warming have become more serious, and there is a need to shift from conventional power generation, which emits an abundance of carbon dioxide, to renewable energy sources without emissions, such as solar and wind. However, solar power generation, which is one of the renewable energies, changes dynamically, depending on real time weather conditions. Thus, power supplied mainly by solar power generation is often unstable, and an appropriate on-demand energy management for demand-to-supply is required to ensure a stable power supply. Demand-to-supply management methods include inventory management analysis and on-demand inventory management analysis. The cumulative-control method has been used as one of the production management methods to visually manage inventory status in factories and warehouses, while the on-demand cumulative-control method is an extension of inventory management analysis. This study models a demand-to-supply management method for a solar power generation system by using the on-demand cumulative-control method in an actual case. First, a demand-to-supply management method is modeled by an on-demand cumulative-control method, using actual power data from a childcare facility in Tokyo. Next, the on-demand cumulative-control method is adopted to the case without batteries, and the amount of electricity to be purchased is estimated. Finally, the effectiveness of the maximum battery capacity and the amount of the initial charge are examined and discussed by sensitivity analysis.

Energy Consumption Rate Evaluation Method Considering Occurrence of Defective Products and Misjudgment of Inspection Machine in Production Line

In recent years, reducing energy consumption has become a key issue in the industrial world. Therefore, industrial corporations must develop methods of pre-evaluation and production management for reducing their energy consumption while maintaining productivity. Moreover, production lines occasionally generate defective products, reducing the productivity and wasting energy, which affects the energy consumption per unit of production. These production lines require inspection machines to exclude defective products. The layout and configuration of inspection machines change when defective products are excluded, which affects the energy consumption per product. However, no methods have been developed for evaluating the energy consumption per product by considering the number of defective products and the layout and configuration of the inspection machines. In this study, we formulated the energy consumption rate of a production line that generates defective products as the production planning and management method. Specifically, we developed a formula for the energy consumption rate of a production line by considering the defect rate of its production machines and the layout and configuration of the inspection machines. A simulation involving a semiconductor manufacturing line was conducted to validate the proposed theory.

Характерні риси системи управління підприємств туристичної сфери

The formation of market relations cannot be imagined without an appropriate environment – market infrastructure, which should ensure the interaction of economic entities in the markets of goods, money, and labor. Tourism is an important branch of the national economy in view of the scale of its activities and the number of people employed in the economy. Organizational, technical, economic and financial issues that should be addressed on a daily basis, as tourism activities are directly related to customer satisfaction, are key factors in this sector. Tourism management with the use of an integrated approach is a complex process that is implemented using various methods. The Department of Tourism Service examines all key aspects of tourism business management, explores different methods and rules based on common management theories, adapting them to tourism activities. General methods of tourism management, production management, innovation management, personnel management and financial management related to the activities of the tourism business are also used. Management in tourism has a number of characteristic features due to the specific properties of services provided by touristic organizations. As an integrated type of activity, tourism includes the activities of subjects of different levels and can be directed towards achieving different results. The issues of organizing effective interaction between participants should be the focus of attention of all subjects of tourism activities interested in coordinating their actions and in the implementation of joint programs for the development of the industry.

Retracted] Application of TOPSIS Method Combined with Grey Relational Degree in the Selection of Snow‐Melting Agent Use Plan

With the rapid development of China’s ice and snow industry, the use of snow‐melting agents as a nonpoint source pollution source is increasing, and the impact on the environment cannot be ignored. This paper expounds the agent, purpose, mechanism, and current situation of snow‐melting agents at home and abroad and analyzes the national standards, industry standards, and technical indicators of various provinces and cities. This paper puts forward the standard of snow‐melting agents, standardizes the production management and detection method of snow‐melting agents, improves the quality of snow‐melting agent products, and solves the adverse effects of environmental pollution of snow‐melting agents. In order to select an economical, effective, and environmentally friendly snow‐melting agent application plan that is suitable for cold mountainous areas, the article proposes a TOPSIS method evaluation model with the purpose of source control combined with grey correlation. Calcium, magnesium chloride, chloride salt mixed snow‐melting agent (1 : 1 : 1 ratio), and calcium and magnesium acetate are used to melt snow in four specific environments (high cold and high sensitivity, high cold and low sensitivity, low cold and high sensitivity, and low cold and low sensitivity). The pros and cons of the dosage regimen are evaluated. The combined weighting method is used to overcome the shortcomings of the individual subjective and objective weighting methods, and it is concluded that calcium and magnesium acetate is the optimal solution in high‐cold and high‐sensitivity areas, calcium chloride is the optimal solution in high‐cold and low‐sensitivity areas, and magnesium chloride is the optimal solution in low‐cold and high‐sensitivity areas. As the optimal solution, calcium chloride with low cold and low sensitivity is the optimal solution.

Perception of fungi by farmers in the Cerrado.

Fungi are important in several aspects of human life. In particular, to agriculture, pathogenic fungi are of great importance, as they are responsible for production losses of the most diverse types. Because of this, knowledge about pathogenic fungus is of extreme importance for farmers and professionals working in agricultural areas. Among farmers who use specific agroecological practices, this knowledge is even more valuable, since by not adopting conventional methods of production, they resort to non-invasive alternatives that are less or not harmful at all to the environment in consideration of production management methods. This study aimed to assess farmer perception in the Cerrado biome in the city of Goiás (GO), Brazil, in order to understand their ethnomycological perceptions to verify historical management practices, their knowledge about phytopathogenic fungi, and how these producers perceive fungi. We used the theoretical reference method "From peasant to peasant" formulated by ANPA - National Association of Small Farmers. Some aspects of farmers' ethnomycological knowledge are discussed. These ease identification the representatives of the Fungi Kingdom is associated with organisms that present easily recognizable characteristics, such as wood-ears or disease-causing fungi. In general, farmers are able to identify representatives of the Fungi Kingdom that are found in their daily lives. The perception of farmers about fungi, a group still much unknown by society, is very relevant for future actions of ethnomycology.

MANAGEMENT INNOVATION AS A FACTOR OF INCREASE COMHLTITIVENESS OF ENTERHRISES

The essence of managerial innovations is determined and the problematic aspects of innovative management in Ukrainian enterprises under modern conditions are highlighted. The question of introduction of managerial innovations as a factor of increasing the competitiveness of enterprises in developed countries is analyzed. The ways of increase of competitiveness of the Ukrainian enterprises on the basis of introduction of managerial innovations are offered. Fundamentally new generations of equipment require adequate technological forms of production organization and management methods. The role of strategic management in the critical moments of the formation of new directions and generations of technology increases sharply. Their development, development, and distribution are associated with the breaking of proportions and existing ideas of technological, economic, and psychological restructuring. We need new (innovative) strategic management solutions to overcome the force of inertia, support the new, go to a radical restructuring of the areas of development, production and application of technology, the organization of the production process and personnel management.

Optimization of Costs and Production Process of Fire Dampers

Currently, companies are trying to optimize production, even more so as the economic situation is gradually deteriorating in many countries around the world, which is currently caused mainly by the COVID 19 pandemic. A specific type of production is that on production lines, which are individual workplaces where various production and assembly operations take place. The aim of the article is to analyze the impact of the choice of the control method for the production process on the optimization of costs and the process. The subject of the research is the production of fire-fighting throttles on a production line that has three workplaces. The problem of waste on the production line was identified by direct measurements of time consumption at the individual workplaces and by using images of the working day schedule. The article compares three approaches to production line management and waste reduction. The first approach was based on counting the number of finished products on the production line. The second approach analyzed in detail the duration of the individual operations into which the workplaces were divided. In the third approach, a method of balancing workplaces was used, which brought time and cost savings. The achieved results, using different methods of production management, are analyzed in detail, and the conclusions evaluated. The article contributes a comparison of the achieved results of cost optimization through the course of production of fire dampers. The research results were applied in practice. The research used methods of industrial engineering in the field of ergonomics, technical and economic analysis, and production management. Visualization of hourly performances, downtimes and failures, execution of work procedures, Shop Floor Management and many others, are recommended as ways to implement waste elimination when using the methods of industrial engineering.

Проблеми модернізації земельних відносин в Україні

The purpose of the article is to highlight and substantiate the theoretical provisions of land relations in improving agricultural production. Research methods. The research was based on theoretical provisions on the characteristics of land relations in market conditions and agricultural land use in the agro-industrial sector of Ukraine. The research goal was to achieve general scientific methods of production management and knowledge of the processes of formation of industrial land relations. Research results. Knowledge of the specifics of the agricultural sector, the actual state of rural life, involvement in the process of a qualitatively new state of the economy - the land market is evidence that the market economy is self-supporting and determines: comparison of costs with sales revenue; allows free enterprise, independence, responsibility and interest of the manufacturer; carrying out the activities of the business entity in the centre of which the person works and his vital social protection. Scientific novelty. Strategic principles of reforming land relations in the country's agricultural production have been developed as prerequisites for their rational organization at the current management stage in rural areas. Practical significance. Application of theoretical provisions of land relations, their reform and formation as a transformation process in agricultural production. The study results are identified as influential factors in the formation of the land market in the new economic conditions. Refs.: 21.

Methodology for managing the competitiveness of industrial enterprises in Russia

This article proposes an approach to improving methods of managing competitiveness in market conditions. Currently, in connection with the processes of modernization in the economy and changes in market conditions, there is a need to improve the approaches and methods of production management. Russian enterprises are faced with the emerging conditions of competition. The relevance of the article is due to the fact that today the issues of managing the competitiveness of an enterprise have not been sufficiently considered and requires an improved approach to the formation of new mechanisms for managing the competitiveness of enterprises, contributing to its increase and the acquisition of a stable position by the enterprise in the market, based on the development of new scientific methods and principles. The novelty of the article is in the concepts of developing an approach to managing the competitiveness of industrial enterprises, contributing to an increase in their level on the basis of a proposal for a management model based on diagnostics and forecasting of the state of the enterprise and its ability to compete.