Physiotherapy Methods Research Articles

SPECIFICS OF PHYSICAL REHABILITATION OF CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY

Cerebral palsy (CP) is an umbrella term that covers a group of diseases that manifest themselves mainly in impaired movement, balance and posture. The number of children affected by this disease is constantly growing around the world. Today, cerebral palsy is one of the most common forms of childhood disability, affecting approximately 2-3 children per 1000 births. Purpose. to analyse and systematise the specifics of physical rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy. Materials and methods. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers analysed scientific literature and systematised information using electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar and others. Research results. The main approaches and methods of physical rehabilitation for children with cerebral palsy are traditional physiotherapy, hydrotherapy, botulinum therapy, robotic systems and therapy using virtual reality technologies. The main aspects of physiotherapy are assessment and planning, improving mobility and correcting posture, rehabilitation after surgery, and involvement in everyday life. Hydrotherapy uses the therapeutic properties of water to improve the physical functions and general well-being of children with this disease. The methods of hydrotherapy include swimming, exercises in a hydromassage pool, therapeutic exercises in water, and physiotherapy techniques. Botulinum toxin therapy (BT) is a spasticity treatment with the highest level of scientific evidence, which has been used for ~30 years in patients with cerebral palsy (CP). Botulinum toxin type A is used during botulinum therapy, which is a neurotoxin that blocks the transmission of nerve impulses to the muscles. This leads to a temporary weakening of the muscles, which helps to reduce spasticity and alleviate symptoms. Robotic systems and virtual reality (VR) technologies are innovative approaches used to rehabilitate children with cerebral palsy (CP). These technologies offer new opportunities to improve physical function and quality of life for children. Conclusions. Among a large number of traditional methods of physiotherapy, scientists highlight the high efficiency of Bobath therapy in the physical rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy. This is also confirmed by the research of Vitalia Kashuba and Bozhena Bukhovets, who developed a physical rehabilitation programme that included Bobath therapy. Hydrotherapy, or water therapy, is an important part of the rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy. It uses the healing properties of water to improve the physical functions and overall well-being of children with this disease. Research by Aikaterini Bayraktariadou, Konstantinos Chandolias and others demonstrates that hydrotherapy, either as an individual treatment or in combination with a standard exercise programme on land, can significantly contribute to improved mobility, increased exercise endurance and a better quality of life. Botulinum toxin is widely used in the rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy. A study by Farid Hareb and others shows that botulinum toxin therapy can be an effective method for improving the quality of life of children with cerebral palsy, helping to reduce spasticity and improve their motor function. Also, robotic technologies and VR have recently been actively introduced into the physical rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy. Research by Hyun Cho Chang, Menekseoglu Ahmet Kivanc, and Rocio Llamas-Ramos confirms the feasibility of combining traditional physiotherapy with robotic systems and virtual reality.

Effectiveness of Bobath Technique on Walking Speed and Balance in Hemiplegic Patients: A Review

Worldwide, stroke is the largest cause of disability, affecting walking speed and balance, especially in hemiplegics. Bobath, or Neurodevelopmental Treatment (NDT), is a specialist physiotherapy method that improves motor control and movement patterns for motor deficits. Given the prevalence of stroke and the importance of rehabilitation in recovery, the Bobath technique's ability to improve walking speed and balance, which are crucial to stroke survivors' functional independence, must be assessed. Methods: This Review examined how the Bobath method affected walking speed and balance in hemiplegic individuals. A total of 15 studies were evaluated. Most of studies uses 2 groups The Bobath group received three-times-weekly motor function and balance training for 12 weeks Data was collected at Baseline, 6-week, and 12-week. Aim: This research focused on to review whether the Bobath approach improved walking speed and balance in hemiplegic patients. Results: The research revealed a substantial improvement in walking speed using the Bobath approach, with a mean increase of 0.25 meters per second compared to 0.10 meters per second in the control group (p < 0.05). Significant balance improvements were seen in the Bobath group, with a mean gain of 10 points on the Berg Balance Scale and 5 cm on the Functional Reach Test, compared to 4 points and 2 centimetres in the control group (p < 0.05). The Bobath approach improved walking speed and balance no more than traditional physiotherapy. Conclusion: This research found that Bobath improves walking speed and balance in hemiplegics no more than traditional physiotherapy. These findings suggest that stroke therapy programs using the Bobath technique may improve functional outcomes. To validate these results and investigate the Bobath technique's long-term stroke healing advantages, bigger sample sizes and longer follow-ups are needed. Keyword: - Bobath concept, stroke, hemiplegia, rehabilitation.

Secondary Sarcopenia in Patients with Locomotor Disorders: Prevalence, Diagnosis and Medical Rehabilitation. A Review

INTRODUCTION. The development of rehabilitation methods for patients with sarcopenia, a generalized age-associated loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, is important, since sarcopenia leads to pronounced weakness, functional and motor disorders and an increased risk of death in the elderly. AIM. To analyze the prevalence, features of pathogenesis, diagnosis of secondary sarcopenia, including against the background of motor disorders due to stroke, as well as methods of treatment and medical rehabilitation of such patients. MAIN CONTENT. Among the secondary forms, sarcopenia is of the greatest clinical importance against the background of the consequences of acute cerebrovascular accident (ACA), due to muscular atrophy associated with paralysis and immobility, spasticity, inflammation and denervation of muscles, malnutrition and intestinal absorption of protein and vitamin D. Recent studies show that the prevalence of sarcopenia in stroke patients in emergency hospitals is 8.5–33.8 %, according to other data — more than 42 %. Muscle weakness after a stroke contributes to a decrease in physical functions and the development of disability, and sarcopenia leads to adverse outcomes 90 days after a stroke. According to the meta-analysis, which included 7 cohort studies with a total sample of 1,774 patients who underwent ACA, 27.1 % of them had sarcopenia. Moreover, the presence of sarcopenia negatively affected the clinical and functional outcomes of ACA, as well as the results of medical rehabilitation (odds ratio: 2.42, 95 % confidence interval: 1.76–3.33, p 0.001). CONCLUSION. Despite the prevalence and relevance of this pathology, rehabilitation programs for patients with sarcopenia against the background of the consequences of ACA have not been developed. Isolated foreign publications demonstrate the effectiveness of certain methods of physical therapy and electrical stimulation, but the evidence base for their effectiveness is low.

Dropped head syndrome secondary to head and neck cancer: Impact on functıonal and body image scale

ObjectiveThe primary aim of our prospective study was to assess the impact of Dropped Head Syndrome (DHS), a rare condition in Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) clinics, on patients' functional status and body image. Our secondary aim is to investigate the relationship between head and neck lymphoedema (HNL) and DHS, which will be examined for the first time in the literature. MethodsWe conducted a study involving 47 patients, aged between 18 and 75, who had been diagnosed with HNC, and exhibited clinical symptoms of DHS for at least 12 months. The staging of HNL was assessed using the MD Anderson Cancer Center HNL (MDACC HNL) staging system. We also administered The Total Functional Scale (TFS) which was a subscale of EORTC QLQ-C30 (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30) and the Body Image Scale (BIS). ResultsIn the study, it was observed that the BIS was significantly lower in patient groups aged 50 and over (p = 0.0495), those with a laryngectomy (p = 0.0002), those who had undergone bilateral neck dissection (p = 0.0291), and particularly in patients with stage 2–3 lymphedema (p < 0.0001). Similarly, it was noted that passive cervical extension limitation had a statistically significant impact on both the BIS (p < 0.0001) and the TFS (p < 0.0001). It was also found that BIS (p < 0.0001) and TFS (p < 0.0001) improved in the late postoperative period (12 months ≤) and this improvement was statistically significant. ConclusionsIn this study, we found statistical relationships between age, laryngectomy, surgery procedures, lymphedema stages, passive cervical extension limitations, total functional score, and BIS. Early diagnosis of DHS allows for supportive care and physiotherapy methods, which can lead to improvement. HNL and DHS should be prevented to improve quality of life and body image and increase survival. Therefore, further research with a much larger patient population is needed.

The use of the 360 MD Huber platform in rehabilitation of lumbar radiculopathies, chronic period

Low back pain (LBP) is a common medical condition with a negative impact on quality of life and work. It also leads to financial costs for the health system by increasing the costs of medical treatment. Numerous studies have focused on the effects of exercise, with some highlighting the role of protective studies in LBP while other studies have shown no beneficial. There is moderate-certainty evidence that therapeutic exercise is beneficial in the treatment of chronic low back pain compared with other treatment modalities. Muscle strengthening and the creation of spinal mobility through specific exercise is a recognized therapeutic approach to the prevention and treatment of LBP. The main objecvtive is to evaluate the effectiveness of a physi-cal therapy program utilizing the 360 Huber platform on the quality of life for individuals with chronic lumbar radiculopathy. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 30 participants diagnosed with chronic lumbar radiculopathy. Participants were divided into an ex-perimental group (n=20) receiving the 360 Huber platform-based rehabilitation protocol, and a control group (n=10) continuing standard care. The intervention included 15 sessions of physical therapy on the 360 Huber platform, complemented by electrotherapy and therapeutic massage. The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) was administered pre- and post-intervention to assess changes in functional outcomes and quality of life. The experimental group demonstrat-ed a significant reduction in ODI scores, with an average decrease of 1.85 points (10.11%) from 18.30 to 16.45. The paired t-test analysis revealed a statistically significant difference (p &lt; 0.001) and a very large effect size (1.11), indicating substantial improvements in functional outcomes. The control group showed no significant changes. The rehabilitation protocol using the 360 Huber platform, combined with electrotherapy and therapeutic massage, effectively im-proves functional outcomes and quality of life for patients with chronic lumbar radiculopathy. The study highlights the potential of integrating advanced technology with traditional physical therapy methods to enhance treatment efficacy. Future research with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods is recommended to confirm these findings and explore additional therapeutic modalities.

ДИСТАНЦИОННАЯ ИНФРАКРАСНАЯ ТЕРМОГРАФИЯ В ОЦЕНКЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ РЕАБИЛИТАЦИИ ПАЦИЕНТОВ ПОСЛЕ ОПЕРАЦИЙ НА ПОЗВОНОЧНИКЕ

The paper considers a possibility of using the remote infrared thermography for assessing efficiency of medical rehabilitation of the patients after operations on the spine with the use of various methods of physical therapy.

Pain Intervention for Osteoporotic Compression Fracture, From Physical Therapy to Surgery: A Literature Review.

Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF) significantly contribute to increased morbidity and mortality in aging populations. When adjusted for age, South Korea has the highest global prevalence of OVCF, with rates of 544 per 100,000 men and 1,575 per 100,000 women. Moreover, patients with OVCF are at a heightened risk of additional fractures, with the risk of new vertebral fractures being up to 5-fold higher. Therefore, in treating patients with OVCF, it is essential to address the current symptoms and take preventive measures against further fractures. Although pharmacological treatment is crucial, it may be insufficient for all patients with OVCF, with more severe cases often requiring physical therapy or surgical intervention. This review aimed to explore effective physical therapy methods for patients with OVCF and summarize surgical techniques for high-risk older patients with various underlying conditions.

Comparison of the researched analyses evaluating the physiotherapy of the pain with a cause in the region of the cervical spine

Introduction. Neck pain is a common musculoskeletal problem. This individual and socio-economic health problem is associated with a reduction in daily activities, a reduction in labour productivity and an impact on quality of life levels. Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of the therapy of non-specific pain originating from the cervical region in terms of the applied physiotherapy methods. Methods. 40 research articles published in 2018-2023 in journals with registration in databases Web of Science, Science Direct and Scopus were included in the research. Results. The most frequent target studied was the education of patients on ergonomics, correct posture and home exercises. The preparation phase of therapy included the administration of thermotherapy and electrotherapy – ultrasound or transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), classical massage, administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The techniques often used were manipulation and/or mobilization, trigger and tender points therapy – acupressure, acupuncture, dry needle application. Among the therapeutic methods, the most frequently chosen are exercises in the form of pilates, yoga, Alexander technique, sensomotor training, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, Jakobson progressive muscle relaxation. Reduction of painful mobility was addressed by the application of local immobilization and kineziotaping. Conclusion. According to the results of our analysis, the combination of several physiotherapy techniques and methods appears to be significantly effective for reducing pain and improving quality of life.

EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PHYSIOTHERAPY FOR MENTAL DEVELOPMENT DELAY IN A 9-YEAR-OLD CHILD COMPLICATED BY A WAR-RELATED CONTUSION

The article analyzes six months of physical rehabilitation for a 9-year-old boy using therapeutic exercises. The goal was to improve his physical and psycho-emotional indicators to help him adapt to social life, meet educational and sports needs on par with peers, and overcome stress from bombing and contusion. Physiotherapy methods proved effective for preventing conditions leading to disability and improving overall physical and psycho-emotional states, including complications from contusion due to being in a war zone. Negative traits targeted included aggressiveness, reluctance to communicate, refusal of physical activity, overeating due to discomfort, unwillingness to study or attend school, and a negative reaction to overcoming difficulties. Individualized physiotherapy was necessary, with personalized exercises and constant modifications, ensuring a natural and minimally traumatic process. Positive results appeared within two months, and over six months, these results were consolidated and improved, demonstrating the effectiveness of the rehabilitation strategy.

The effects of conventional treatment in addition to Pilates on biopsychosocial status in chronic neck pain: A randomized clinical trial.

Although guidelines and systematic reviews recommend the use of exercise in the treatment of chronic pain and neck pain, there are no clear recommendations for conservative treatments frequently used in clinics. The effect of supporting clinical Pilates exercises with passive physiotherapy methods on biopsychosocial status is still unknown. The objective was to investigate the effects of conventional treatment (CT) in addition to clinical Pilates on pain levels, physical condition, functional status, and psychosocial status in individuals with chronic neck pain. Fifty women were randomly divided into 2groups, the clinical Pilates group (Pilates, n= 25), and the group receiving CT in addition to clinical Pilates (Pilates-CT, n= 25). Both groups received treatment 3days a week for 6weeks. The CT program involved the implementation of hot pack (HP) application, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), and therapeutic ultrasound (US) to the cervical area. CT in addition to Pilates was more effective in reducing the Visual Analog Scale (at rest and during activity), Neck Disability Index, Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire, NeckPix Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-depression, and Cognitive Exercise Therapy Approach-Biopsychosocial questionnaire scores (p< 0.05) and in increasing the degree of change in the extension range of motion (ROM) and cervical flexor endurance values and scores in the energy parameter of Short Form-36 (p< 0.05). CT provided in addition to Pilates was more effective in reducing pain levels, disability, fear of movement, depression levels, and negative biopsychosocial status and improving extension ROM and cervical flexor endurance, neck awareness, and the energy/vitality parameter of quality of life in individuals with chronic neck pain.

Physical therapy options for knee osteoarthritis: A review.

In recent years, osteoarthritis of the knee, a common degenerative joint disease, often occurs in the elderly population. This disease has a significant impact on the quality of life of patients. For treating knee osteoarthritis, physical therapy is highly regarded as a very effective treatment method. This article delves deeply into commonly used physical therapy methods and analyzes their therapeutic effects, cost-effectiveness, and applicability, aiming to find treatments with broader applicability and better cost-effectiveness. The goal is to help a large number of patients effectively alleviate the discomfort caused by knee osteoarthritis, enhance the clinical therapeutic effects, and introduce home treatment methods to reduce financial burdens. The article also compares various physical therapy methods and finds that moxibustion and electrotherapy are more suitable for home use. Other treatment methods provide a reliable scientific basis for patient treatment.

Smart Response Biomaterials for Pain Management.

The intricate nature of pain classification and mechanism constantly affects the recovery of diseases and the well-being of patients. Key medical challenges persist in devising effective pain management strategies. Therefore, a comprehensive review of relevant methods and research advancements in pain management is conducted. This overview covers the main categorization of pain and its developmental mechanism, followed by a review of pertinent research and techniques for managing pain. These techniques include commonly prescribed medications, invasive procedures, and noninvasive physical therapy methods used in rehabilitation medicine. Additionally, for the first time, a systematic summary of the utilization of responsive biomaterials in pain management is provided, encompassing their response to physical stimuli such as ultrasound, magnetic fields, electric fields, light, and temperature, as well as changes in the physiological environment like reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pH. Even though the application of responsive biomaterials in pain management remains limited and at a fundamental level, recent years have seen the examination and debate of relevant research findings. These profound discussions aim to provide trends and directions for future research in pain management.

COMPLEX USE OF PHYSICAL THERAPY MEANS IN THE REHABILITATION OF SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN WITH POSTURE DISORDERS

Relevance of the research topic. The problem of using physical therapy means in rehabilitation of school-age children with posture disorders becomes especially relevant in the context of the threat of serious spinal diseases, which can negatively affect the health and physical development of children in the future.Purpose and methods of the study. The aim of the work is to reveal the essence of complex use of physical therapy means in rehabilitation of school- age children with posture disorders. The research consisted of the analysis of scientists' works and description of the use of therapy for correction of school-age children's posture. Research methods and statistical analysis. We used both general scientific and special methods of research, namely: analysis, synthesis, structural-functional, description, generalization.Results. The article presents an analysis of the integrated use of physical therapy in the rehabilitation of school-age children with postural disorders. Various methods and techniques of physical therapy aimed at restoring optimal physical functioning and correcting postural defects are described. It is described that the main methods of physical therapy used in rehabilitation are therapeutic physical culture, correction of body position, therapeutic massage, hardening, hydrokinesitherapy and physiotherapy. Particular attention is paid to physical exercises that specialize in correcting specific types of posture disorders. Key findings. It has been shown that symmetrical and asymmetrical exercises, known as corrective exercises, are used to equalize the tone of the trunk muscles and strengthen relaxed muscles, helping to return the spine to its correct position. It has been proven that therapeutic massage, as an effective means of functional therapy, is used at all stages of medical and physical therapy to treat various diseases and injuries. The article analyzes the effectiveness of these methods and their role in achieving positive results in the rehabilitation of children with postural disorders.

Consistent Application of Physiotherapy Methods in the Treatment of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Clinical Case

Introduction. One of the problems of domestic phthisiology is the low effectiveness of treatment, which, along with anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy, uses pathogenetic methods, including physiotherapy procedures. The use of several physical factors in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis shows great therapeutic effectiveness. However, there are not enough works highlighting the combined effects of physical factors in tuberculosis of the respiratory system, applied in successive courses, taking into account the phase of a specific process and the mechanisms of therapeutic effects of physical methods.The purpose of the study — is to demonstrate the effectiveness of consistent application of physiotherapy methods in the treatment of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.Materials and methods. The materials of the study were the medical records of the inpatient and the results of a comprehensive examination.Results and discussion. The presented clinical example demonstrates the effectiveness of consistent application of physiotherapy procedures in the complex treatment of a patient with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis. After 1 month from the start of treatment, accelerated positive clinical dynamics was noted, cessation of bacterial excretion, partial resorption of infiltrative changes in the lungs, by 2 months — closure of the decay cavities, after 4 months the patient was discharged with minimal radiological changes to continue treatment on an outpatient basis.Conclusion. Consistent application of physical factors can be one of the effective methods of improving the effectiveness of treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, as demonstrated by the presented clinical examples. Further research is needed to substantiate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.

Therapeutic effects investigation of physical therapy and pharmacotherapy in the treatment of persistent allergic rhinitis

To investigate the therapeutic effects of physical therapy and pharmacotherapy in the treatment of persistent allergic rhinitis. Methods:192 patients were randomly divided into 3groups, A group 72 cases, B group 70 cases. A and B group were treated with focused ultrasound and radiofrequency ablation respectively under the endoscope and using spraying Mometasone Furoate Nasal Spray for 1month after the operation. Patients of C group use the Mometasone Furoate Nasal Spray and Cetirizine Hydro- chloride Tablets for 1 month. Follow up for 6 months after treatment and evaluate the curative effect with soring method. Results: Total effectiveness was as fllowed:1st months: A group 97.2%, B group 97.1%C group 96.0%;6 months: A group 90.3%, B group 87.1%, C group 64.0%. The curative effect score of three group after the treatment for 1month have no significant difference (P&gt;0.05). Comparing the efficiency of patients in three groups after treatment for 6 months, there was significant difference of stat is tactically significance. The efficiency of A and B group were higher than group C(P&lt;0.05).A group was better than B group with the score of sneezing after the treatment ,the difference was significant(P&lt;0.05).But B group was better than A group with the score of nasal congestion ,the difference was significant(P&lt;0.05).Conclusion: The curative effect of treatment with two physical therapy methods combined with mometasone furoate for persistent allergic rhinitis, the former is better than the latter for sneezing ,but the improvement of nasal congestion is less than the latter. Long-erm therapeutic effect of drug with AR is less than physical therapy in combination with drug. The treatment with focused ultrasound combined with mometasone furoate for persistent AR is worth promoting, especially suitable for medium and severe persistent AR patients.

Effectiveness of improving coordination abilities after cardiac surgery: a review

INTRODUCTION. Bronchopulmonary complications remain the leading cause of postoperative morbidity and prolong the patient’s hospital stay, increasing the cost of treatment. AIM. To study the effectiveness of using coordination training of the mechanics of respiratory movements in cardiac rehabilitation programs during breathing exercises. SEARCH STRATEGY. Through a literature search in the PubMed (Medline) and RISC search engines from January 2019 to December 2023, systematic reviews, meta-analyses and randomized controlled studies were selected of factors influencing the development of postoperative pulmonary complications after open heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, as well as methods behavioral regulation and self-breathing training in cardiopulmonary rehabilitation to assess the effectiveness of reducing the number of pulmonary complications and their severity compared to conventional methods of respiratory cardiac rehabilitation. MAIN CONTENT. Based on an analysis of the literature, it has been suggested that after cardiac surgery, patients experience a decrease in coordination interactions in the work of the inspiratory muscles of the chest, which requires improvement in coordination abilities. The features of compensatory changes in the external respiration system after correction of the coordination interactions of the respiratory muscles in the process of respiratory-cardiac rehabilitation are illustrated, namely in increasing alveolar ventilation due to the improvement of the optimal ratios of thoracic and abdominal types of breathing, optimal synchronous and multiple ratios of the number of respiratory and motor cycles, its frequency and depth, higher efficiency of the respiratory muscles. CONCLUSION. The research results indicate that after completing a course of coordination training, where they developed the skills and abilities to control their breathing, patients who underwent open heart surgery with artificial circulation had a lower severity and incidence of postoperative bronchopulmonary complications, improved blood oxygen saturation and increased tolerance to physical activity compared to traditional methods of physical therapy, while the most pronounced changes are observed under the influence of methods of behavioral regulation of breathing. The obtained results of changes in the function of external respiration make it possible to evaluate the impact of coordination training to control one’s breathing as beneficial for prevention and rehabilitation.

Two Physiotherapy Methods to Improve the Physical Condition of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

This study presents two simple physiotherapy programs that were implemented for five weeks and showed positive changes in balance, coordination, and motor skills in kindergarteners with ASD. Physiotherapy programs in a gym and games on a smart board with balance plates and an unstable base were applied to improve the physical condition of children with ASD. Thirty children with ASD (4-6 years old) attending special needs kindergarten were enrolled in the study. Three tests were used to assess participants' physical condition before and after the study: the modified Berg Balance Scale, the Imbalance Coordination Sample, and the Bruininks-Oseretsky Motor Proficiency Test (BOTMP). The resulting mean change, calculated from each group's scores, shows that the participants who received physical therapy sessions at the smart board had the greatest change of 1.58 points. It shows that the opportunity to play games on a smart board motivates children with ASD to work harder; therefore, it is a simple and easy way to engage children in different types of physical exercise. A slightly smaller change of 1.51 was obtained in the group that received gym sessions. However, working in the gym was more psychologically challenging for the children with ASD due to their lack of desire and motivation. Both methods are relatively simple and easy to apply at home; therefore, parents can make a significant contribution to improving children's physical condition and that can be an effective tool to assist these individuals with activities in daily life.

ALGORITHM FOR THE APPLICATION OF PHYSICAL THERAPY FOR CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ANESTHESIA AND INTENSIVE CARE UNIT

Aim. Create and justify the algorithm of physical therapy application, which will be used at the early stage of treatment of critically ill patients treated in the transferred anesthesiology and intensive care unit. Materials and methods. The study was conducted during five months of 2023 in two medical and diagnostic centers in Kyiv, Ukraine, in the conditions of the department of anesthesiology and intensive care unit. 80 critically ill patients took part in the study, who were divided into main and control groups of 40 people each. Participants in the main group had physical therapy included in the treatment process, while the control group did not receive such treatment. The sample of patients was based on selection on the basis of indicators of critical condition and the need for treatment in the conditions of the anesthesiology and intensive care unit. Participation in the study varied from 1 to 3 weeks, with the first assessment at the meeting with the physical therapist and the last before discharge or transfer of the patient. Assessment included manual muscle testing and the Richmond Agitation/Sedation Scale, as well as observation for comorbidities. During the research, a developed algorithm for the use of physical therapy for critically ill patients was applied. Results. In the course of the study, a complex of physical therapy methods was used to influence the dynamics of the patients' state of consciousness, the functional strength of the muscles of the upper and lower limbs, as well as to study the frequency and severity of the development of accompanying complications (bedsores, contractures, swellings, deformations, wounds). Data collected from the main and control groups were subjected to comparative statistical analysis. The results of the analysis confirm that the use of the developed algorithm of physical therapy contributed to a significant improvement in the cognitive state of the participants, an increase in functional strength in the muscles of the limbs, and also effectively reduced the risk and severity of comorbidities. This indicates the importance of integrating physical therapy into a comprehensive approach to the treatment of critically ill patients. Conclusions. The proposed approach to the use of physical therapy for patients who are in critical condition and treated in the conditions of the department of anesthesiology and intensive care confirms its high efficiency in the early stages of treatment. Studies show that the use of physical therapy improves the functional state of muscles, improves the cognitive functions of patients, and also helps to prevent the development of concomitant complications that may occur during a stay in the conditions of the anesthesiology and intensive care units.

Views about the clinical, diagnostic and comprehensive treatment of plantar fasciitis: a review

INTRODUCTION. One of the problems in modern podiatry is plantar fasciitis. According to population studies, more than two million patients are treated for plantar fasciitis each year in the United States, 1 in 10 people will develop heel pain during their lifetime, and 1 % of visits to podiatrists are related to heel pain. Plantar fasciitis occurs in approximately 10 % of the general population, with 83 % of these patients being active working adults between the ages of 25 and 65. The high prevalence of plantar fasciitis in the population necessitates the search and development of new and effective methods for its recognition and treatment. AIM. Generalization of literature data on the mechanisms of development of plantar fasciitis, methods of diagnosis and treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The databases PubMed, Scopus and the electronic scientific library eLIBRARY were searched for articles using the keywords: “plantar fasciitis”, “plantar fasciosis”, “heel pain”, “heel spur”. Search depth — 10 years. Publications related to the diagnosis and treatment of PF were selected. During the study, 40 publications were selected, the content of which, to one degree or another, corresponded to the purpose of this study. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Pain syndrome in the area of the heel bone is the main reason for seeking medical care in patients with plantar fasciitis. Currently, there are several approaches to the treatment of plantar fasciitis: conservative and surgical treatment. Conservative treatment is represented by methods of manual therapy, physical therapy, and physical therapy. Surgical methods include various variants of resection of the bony outgrowth of the calcaneal region and other interventions. CONCLUSION. Treatment of plantar fasciitis requires a multidisciplinary approach to treatment, as no single treatment method is universal. Conservative treatment of patients with plantar fasciitis should be comprehensive. Due to the high prevalence of plantar fasciitis in the population, the introduction of new treatment techniques and the development and use of a unified patient management tactic can improve patient outcomes and quality of life. Among other surgical methods, the use of RFD has a positive effect in patients with PF refractory to conservative therapy and is the least invasive method among surgical methods.

Сurrent medical rehabilitation methods for patients after carpal tunnel syndrome surgical treatment: a review

INTRODUCTION. Carpal tunnel syndrome is one of the most common tunnel syndromes types and ranks sixth in the all-occupational diseases’ registry. The high interest in this pathology and its’ postoperative management peculiarities study is due to the disease widespread prevalence, social significance, often unsatisfactory surgical treatment results and a long hand function restoration period. The purpose of this work was to study modern concepts of postoperative rehabilitation of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. SOURCE SEARCH METHODOLOGY. When preparing the review, open electronic databases of scientific literature were used: PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, eLibrary.ru. The search for medical literature data was carried out using the following keywords: “rehabilitation”, “carpal tunnel syndrome”, “carpal tunnel syndrome”, “median nerve”, “compressive neuropathy”. The criteria for inclusion in the analysis of literature sources were: randomized controlled clinical trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Preference was given to publications over the past 5–10 years. DISCUSSION. The article presents the most commonly used techniques in the postoperative management of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome, discusses the mechanisms of their action and prospects for the development of this area. The review discussed the following rehabilitation methods: a wide range of methods of hardware physiotherapy, manual therapy, kinesiotaping, manual lymphatic drainage, as well as the possibilities of physical therapy and robotic mechanotherapy. Despite the high level of development of medicine, the long process of rehabilitation of these patients remains an important problem, while the clinical effectiveness of a wider range of proposed techniques still remains poorly understood. Some of the most promising methods of rehabilitation of patients after surgical treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome are methods of robotic mechanotherapy and extracorporeal shock wave therapy. CONCLUSION. For the effective use of the described techniques as part of the postoperative rehabilitation of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome in clinical practice, further research and study of their long-term effects, as well as comparison of their effectiveness with the aim of the most complete and rapid restoration of the function of the affected hand, is necessary.