Physiotherapy Methods Research Articles

Physical factors in treatment of inflammatory diseases of female reproductive system: Principles and approaches

Physical therapy methods have found wide application in various fields of clinical medicine, including when treating various diseases and pathological conditions of the female body. The vast majority of studies deals with the issues of the drug-free treatments of chronic inflammatory diseases of the lesser pelvis organs, which negatively impact the health of women of reproductive age. It should be noted that the works dealing with the possibility and evaluation of the effectiveness of including physical therapy methods in the combination treatment of the acute stage of nonspecific inflammatory diseases of the lesser pelvis organs are less numerous. A number of works on the use of the hyperbaric oxygenation and general magnetic therapy as components of combination therapy in forming the therapeutic effect deal with this area of research. The article presents the basic principles of using physical therapy modalities in gynecology and the conditions for optimizing the results of treatment of gynecological patients, including the results of combination therapy with the earliest possible integration of physical therapy modalities in the programs of standard anti-inflammatory treatment of patients with acute nonspecific inflammatory diseases of the lesser pelvis organs, allowing to optimize its efficacy.

Analysis of changes in PCSK9 and TNF-α concentrations in response to physical exercises using virtual reality in patients in the fifth stage of chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis

BackgroundThe problem of reduced physical activity in patients with stage 5 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is becoming more and more interesting in the medical community. One of the innovative solutions that can significantly increase patients’ motivation to exercise is the integration of physical training with virtual reality (VR) technology during hemodialysis. The aim of this study was to comprehensively assess the impact of regular physical activity using virtual reality on the concentration of plasma PCSK9 protein and TNF-α in patients with stage 5 CKD treated with hemodialysis.MethodsA prototype of the NefroVR system was used in the research project. The study group consisted of patients who were entrusted with the task of conducting training using the prototype of the NefroVR system.ResultsIn the conducted research, a significant decrease in PCSK9 protein and TNF-α concentration was observed in the study group after 3 months of exercises using virtual reality in hemodialysis patients.ConclusionRegular physical activity using innovative physiotherapy methods, such as virtual reality, contributes to the improvement of inflammatory parameters and may improve lipid homeostasis.Clinical trial numbernot applicable.

MODERN REHABILITATION METHODS FOR THORACIC BACK PAIN SYNDROME: A VERTEBRODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVE

The purpose of the study is to optimize rehabilitation measures for patients with degenerative-dystrophic pathology of the thoracic spine (DDPS) and thoracic back pain syndrome, based on vertebrodynamic indicators. Materials and methods. The patients’ ages ranged from 18 to 54 years, with 51 women (41.2%) and 73 men (58.8%). The duration of the disease varied from 2 to 23 years. A rehabilitation examination was conducted, assessing vertebrodynamic disorders using A. Stoddard's method. Functional block (FB) of the second degree was identified in the vertebral-motor segments (VMS) of the thoracic spine for all patients. The patients were divided into two groups, comparable in age and disease severity. The first group (n=56) received a standard rehabilitation program, including drug treatment (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, muscle relaxants, analgesics), massage, personalized therapeutic exercise sets, and physical therapy methods (magnetotherapy, ultrasound therapy). The second group (n=68) received the basic treatment plus sessions of post-isometric and post-reciprocal muscle relaxation, mobilization techniques according to K. Lewit, R. Maigne, and V. Gubenko, as well as original kinesiotherapy methods developed based on vertebrodynamic indicators. The outpatient rehabilitation cycle lasted 14 days. Results. The subjective assessment of pain by all patients after the first one-time procedure decreased from 4.78±0.20 to 2.64±0.58 VAS points (p<0.05). Treatment of dysfunctions allowed the patients of the 2nd group to estimate pain sensations by 0.91±0.24 points (р<0.05). In patients of the 1st group, the subjective assessment of pain decreased significantly less (to 2.72±0.24 at p<0.05). After the rehabilitation cycle, in 78.6% of the patients of the 1st group, improvement of vertebrodynamic parameters was achieved, namely: restoration of the range of motion in the VMS at the chest level. In the 2nd group of patients, positive dynamics were observed in a larger proportion compared to the 1st group—94.1% of cases. Signs of functional block (FB) persisted in 12 (21.4%) of 56 patients in the 1st group and in 4 (5.9%) of 68 patients in the 2nd group. Thus, with the use of kinesiotherapy treatment techniques, the 2nd group achieved better rehabilitation outcomes. Conclusions. The implementation of our proposed optimized rehabilitation and treatment methods for thoracalgias caused by degenerative-dystrophic pathology of the thoracic spine (DDPS), incorporating original kinesiotherapy techniques, is recommended for clinical practice by physical and rehabilitation medicine specialists, neurologists, and other rehabilitation professionals.

Evaluation of the efficacy of transfer energy capacitive and resistive therapy in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

This study aimed to compare the therapeutic efficacy of conventional physical therapy (CPT) methods for knee osteoarthritis (OA) and transfer energy capacitive and resistive (TECAR) therapy, a relatively new and increasingly used treatment modality, based on patient clinical outcomes assessments. Two groups of 54 patients, aged 40 to 75, were randomly assigned. CPT was given to both groups. In addition to CPT, Group 2 underwent TECAR therapy for six sessions, three times a week for two weeks. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) was used to measure the disability and pain levels of each patient before and at the end of treatment and at 1 month and 3 months. Additionally, goniometric measurements of each patient's knee joint range of motion and isometric quadriceps muscle strength were taken. Significant improvements were noted in the VAS, WOMAC, and isometric quadriceps strength ratings in both groups between the pre- and posttreatment follow-ups. However, there was no discernible difference between the groups. For the conservative treatment of OA in the knee, TECAR therapy may be a helpful therapeutic approach.

The review of innovations and prospects for the development of physical therapy in modern medicine

Aim. To study and summarize the main modern approaches to physical therapy, namely kinesiotherapy, robotic rehabilitation system and virtual platforms; to analyze their effectiveness in different clinical settings and the problem of individualization of rehabilitation programs and the need to develop personalized approaches to patients with different types of pathologies. Materials and methods. The research materials were materials from scientific publications and thematic Internet sites. The methods of data systematization and generalization were used in the study. Results. Physical therapy is an important component of medical care, especially for patients who need to recover from injuries, surgeries, or suffer from chronic diseases of the musculoskeletal system and nervous system. Recent decades have been marked by a significant development in physical rehabilitation methods, including the use of the latest technologies and interdisciplinary approaches. Kinesiotherapy is a method of physical therapy based on the use of motor activity to restore body functions. It is one of the most widespread and scientifically proven approaches to the treatment of various pathologies. Robotic rehabilitation systems are one of the most promising areas of modern medicine. Robotic exoskeletons and rehabilitation platforms provide the ability to perform movements with a high level of control and correction, which helps to avoid incorrect exercise performance and speeds up the recovery process. Virtual reality (VR) and telemedicine allow patients to participate in rehabilitation programs in a safe and controlled environment that can be adapted to their needs. A literature review has shown that the use of a personalized rehabilitation program increases the effectiveness of a patient’s physical therapy. Conclusions. Based on the analysis, it has been found that traditional methods of kinesiotherapy remain the basis of rehabilitation programs, but their effectiveness can be significantly improved through the use of innovative technologies, such as robotic systems, virtual reality and telemedicine platforms. In addition, the combination of different physical rehabilitation methods allow achieving better results in restoring the patients’ physical functions, which is confirmed by the results of many studies. The implementation of such comprehensive approaches can reduce rehabilitation time and improve the quality of life of patient.

Physiotherapy techniques used in injury treatment: A systematic review of tennis elbow

Background and Study Aim. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the physiotherapy methods used to treat tennis elbow, emphasizing the importance of understanding its pathophysiology and etiology to inform effective treatment strategies. Material and Methods. This review explores a range of physiotherapy interventions, including manual therapies that alleviate pain and improve joint function. Techniques such as joint mobilization, soft tissue massage, and myofascial release are highlighted. Additionally, exercise rehabilitation plays a key role, with individualized exercise programs designed to strengthen weakened muscles and improve elbow biomechanics. The study utilized the Harzing Publish or Perish application for its literature search, sourcing relevant studies from Google Scholar and PubMed using keywords like "Cyriax," "myofascial release," "tendinitis," "trigger points," "tennis elbow," and "degeneration." Boolean operators "WITH," "AND," and "OR" were employed to refine the search results.. Results. Various physiotherapy approaches, including manual therapy, the Cyriax method, deep friction massage, Mill manipulation, myofascial release techniques, laser therapy, pulse shortwave diathermy, and ultrasound, have demonstrated positive outcomes in reducing pain, enhancing function, and promoting tissue repair. Conclusion. In conclusion, this review emphasizes the critical role physiotherapy plays in the effective management of tennis elbow. By compiling the latest research and best practices, it offers valuable insights for practitioners seeking to improve patient outcomes for this prevalent and disabling condition.

Electrical stimulation methods for scoliosis in children: a literature review

Introduction. Scoliosis is one of the most common orthopedic diseases of childhood and adolescence, leading to disability and reducing the child’s quality of life. The prevalence of scoliosis in the structure of pediatric orthopedic pathology reaches 30 %. In 50 % of cases, the disease is characterized by a severe progressive course, especially during puberty. Aim. Studying the effectiveness of electrical stimulation methods for scoliosis in children to develop recommendations for their practical use based on the analysis of systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials. Materials and methods. The search was carried out using the database of evidence-based physiotherapy PubMed, Cyberleninka and eLIBRARY using the keywords: «electrical stimulation», «pulse currents», «scoliosis», «children» for the period from 2008–2024.Exclusion criteria: articles published on this topic before 2008. Main content. The main methods of physiotherapy used in the treatment of scoliosis in children are electrotherapy methods, among which electrical stimulation plays a leading role. The advantage of electrical stimulation for scoliosis in children is to provide training in the strength and tone of the back muscles on the side of the deformity. Electrical stimulation is indicated for scoliosis of I and II degrees. The greatest effect in the correction of scoliotic spinal deformity in children is observed with the combined use of electrical stimulation and exercise therapy. This review provides data on the relevance of medical rehabilitation of scoliosis in children, the mechanism of action of electrical stimulation, data on the effectiveness of using electrical stimulation methods for scoliosis in children: sinusoidal modulated currents, diadynamic therapy, transcutaneous electrical neurostimulation, interference therapy, fluctuarization and functional programmable electrical stimulation. Conclusion. Currently, a wide range of electrical stimulation technologies has been developed for the medical rehabilitation of children with scoliosis, among which sinusoidally modulated currents and diadynamic currents are most often used. Transcutaneous electrical neurostimulation, having a predominantly antinociceptive effect, also has an effect on muscle contractions. Functional programmable electrical stimulation of muscles is a promising technology for medical rehabilitation of children with scoliosis, requiring further study and scientific justification.

State of physiotherapeutic service in Irkutsk region: problems and prospects

Purpose of the study. Introduction. Despite the active introduction of physical and rehabilitation medicine into practical healthcare, the specialty «Physiotherapy» has not lost its importance. Along with this, there are problems that complicate the development of the specialty: the absence and non-compliance with modern requirements of the regulatory framework, the unreasonably small representation of physiotherapy in modern clinical guidelines. Resolving these issues is impossible without analyzing the current situation in the departments of the physiotherapeutic network, which will ensure the proper quality of medical care with a high level of safety and satisfaction of the consumer of this medical service and expand the list of physiotherapy technologies in modern clinical recommendations. The purpose of the study is to study the performance indicators of physiotherapeutic units of medical and preventive organizations in the Irkutsk region to assess the dynamics of their development and future prospects. Material and methods. An analysis of data from state statistical annual reporting on the work of physiotherapeutic departments (PTD) and physiotherapeutic offices (FTK) of the Ministry of Health of the Irkutsk region, on the provision of physiotherapeutic medical care in treatment and preventive organizations of the Irkutsk region in the period from 2017 to 2023 was carried out. Results. The quantitative indicators of the work of FTO (FTC) employees were studied, the qualitative components of their activities were assessed, problems in the implementation of physiotherapeutic treatment were identified and ways to eliminate them were determined. It has been shown that negative trends in the development of physical therapy continue: the material and technical base is deteriorating, the staff of doctors and nurses is being reduced, the level of qualifications of specialists is decreasing, and the coverage of patients with physical therapy methods is decreasing. Conclusion. Despite the slight improvement in the quantitative parameters of the activities of physical therapy (FTK), the period of stagnation in physical therapy continues. It is necessary to formulate a regulatory framework for the specialty and expand the role of physiotherapy in modern clinical guidelines. This is the basis for motivating employees of the physiotherapy service and the influx of young personnel.

Effectiveness of therapy for patients with chronic acalculous cholecystitis based on the comprehensive use of therapeutic physical factors

Purpose of the study: to evaluate the effectiveness of the combined use of therapeutic physical factors (amplipulse and general magnetic therapy), as well as manual therapy in the treatment of patients with chronic acalculous cholecystitis. Material and methods. The study involved 125 patients with chronic biliary tract obstruction aged 31 to 60 years with a disease duration of 12.5±0.19 years. Using the simple fixed randomization method, all patients were divided into three proportional groups. Patients in the control group (n=42) received standard therapy according to the corresponding protocol. Patients in the comparison group (n=41) received standard therapy supplemented with manual interventions aimed at restoring the mobility and motility of the hepatobiliary system organs. Patients in the main group (n=42) additionally received a course of combined physiotherapy in the form of amplipulse and general magnetic therapy. Evaluation of clinical efficacy in the selected groups was carried out based on the dynamics of the severity of subjective signs of chronic biliary tract obstruction, laboratory parameters of duodenal intubation and biochemical blood parameters characterizing the state of the hepatobiliary system. Results. It has been established that, compared with standard therapy, the combined use of hardware physiotherapy methods and massage procedures significantly increases the effectiveness of treatment, which is manifested in a significant (more than 1.5 times) decrease in the severity of clinical symptoms of the disease, a decrease in bile lithogenicity by 45 %, an increase in the contractile function of the gallbladder by 24 %, with a decrease in the level of cholesterol in bile by 21 % and an increase in the concentration of cholecystokinin in the blood by 31 %. Correlation analysis showed that cholecystokinin claims the role of a kind of center of the correlation galaxy of pathogenetic reactions of chronic acalculous cholecystitis. The use of statistical analysis of predictors made it possible to reveal that the effectiveness of complex physiotherapy increases in younger patients and with a shorter duration of the disease, as well as with higher values of cholecystokinin in the blood and a reduced potential for lithogenicity of bile. Conclusion. Supplementation of the standard protocol for the treatment of chronic acalculous cholecystitis with methods of combined hardware physiotherapy in the form of amplipulse and general magnetic therapy is accompanied by the development of a pronounced clinical effect, confirmed by the dynamics of clinical and laboratory parameters.

The use of physiotherapy methods in the complex treatment of patients with chronic laryngitis

Purpose of the study. Issues of voice quality and health as the main means of communication are becoming increasingly relevant. The increase in the incidence of chronic laryngitis among patients of different age groups is due to a significant list of etiological factors, including deteriorating environmental conditions, exposure to bad habits, a significant increase in stress levels and the presence of chronic concomitant diseases. In this aspect, it is important to take into account the increasing load on the vocal apparatus, as well as the increasing requirements for voice quality in modern society. Materials and methods. The purpose of this study was to increase the effectiveness of complex conservative treatment of patients with chronic laryngitis as a result of exposure to low-intensity laser radiation on the larynx area. 52 patients with voice disorders were examined and treated and were divided into two groups. The results. In group 1, 24 patients received complex treatment, which included a course of drug inhalations, phonopedagogical correction, and compliance with the voice regime. In group 2, consisting of 28 patients, a similar complex conservative treatment was supplemented with laser therapy for the larynx area. When conducting a comparative analysis of the results of therapy, based on an assessment of the dynamics of patient complaints, data from a videolaryngostroboscopic study and acoustic analysis of the voice, a more pronounced improvement in the clinical and functional state of the larynx was found in patients of the 2nd group. Conclusion. Consequently, the use of low-intensity laser therapy on the larynx area as part of complex conservative treatment of chronic laryngitis helps to achieve a significantly predominant clinical result and improve the quality of life of patients with chronic pathology of the vocal apparatus.

Automatic And Portable Physiotherapy Hardware Device for Legs

This Project is to Design and fabricate a cheaper Continuous Passive Motion [CPM] Machine than what is available commercially and with more versatile features. In the tendency, continuous passive motion (CPM) was proposed as an orthopedic treatment and a physiotherapy method that promotes recovery from the injuries after surgery of joints. The CPM is intended to accelerate the regeneration of periarticular tissues, to prevent contracture, and to correct range of motion (ROM) and is more effective than conventional treatment method.

The effects of conventional treatment in addition to Pilates on biopsychosocial status in chronic neck pain: A randomized clinical trial.

Although guidelines and systematic reviews recommend the use of exercise in the treatment of chronic pain and neck pain, there are no clear recommendations for conservative treatments frequently used in clinics. The effect of supporting clinical Pilates exercises with passive physiotherapy methods on biopsychosocial status is still unknown. The objective was to investigate the effects of conventional treatment (CT) in addition to clinical Pilates on pain levels, physical condition, functional status, and psychosocial status in individuals with chronic neck pain. Fifty women were randomly divided into 2groups, the clinical Pilates group (Pilates, n= 25), and the group receiving CT in addition to clinical Pilates (Pilates-CT, n= 25). Both groups received treatment 3days a week for 6weeks. The CT program involved the implementation of hot pack (HP) application, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), and therapeutic ultrasound (US) to the cervical area. CT in addition to Pilates was more effective in reducing the Visual Analog Scale (at rest and during activity), Neck Disability Index, Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire, NeckPix Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-depression, and Cognitive Exercise Therapy Approach-Biopsychosocial questionnaire scores (p< 0.05) and in increasing the degree of change in the extension range of motion (ROM) and cervical flexor endurance values and scores in the energy parameter of Short Form-36 (p< 0.05). CT provided in addition to Pilates was more effective in reducing pain levels, disability, fear of movement, depression levels, and negative biopsychosocial status and improving extension ROM and cervical flexor endurance, neck awareness, and the energy/vitality parameter of quality of life in individuals with chronic neck pain.

Physical therapy approach and non-invasive modalities in treatment of vaginal laxity: a literature review.

Pelvic floor physical therapy (PFPT) and noninvasive modalities can be more safe and available treatments for vaginal laxity (VL) with less risk of postsurgical complications. The purpose of this review is to define the concepts of PFPT and noninvasive modalities, examine the evidence supporting those modalities as a treatment for VL, and evaluate their effectiveness. Between 2002 and 2023, clinical studies including women diagnosed with VL were examined in the Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and PubMed databases. Exclusion criteria included studies with no outcomes or inadequate data, procedures, suggestions, editorials, book chapters, letters to editors, reviews, meta-analyses, animal research, and articles in languages other than English. Only seventeen studies have been identified. Four studies have demonstrated the impact of PFPT (low- and medium-energy radiofrequency (RF), ultrasound, low-energy laser treatment, par sacral stimulation, the knack method, and pelvic floor exercises), and thirteen studies have discussed the impact of noninvasive modalities (RF, combined multipolar RF with pulsed electromagnetic, combined RF and pulsed electromagnetic field, high-intensity focused ultrasound, CO2 laser, combining multipolar RF and hybrid fractional laser, microfocused ultrasound, and the VIVEVE surface-cooled RF) on vaginal laxity. This review indicates many knowledge areas that must be attempted in order to understand the influence of nonstrengthening physical therapy and noninvasive methods on vaginal laxity. In addition to the mechanisms behind their impacts. In addition, we strongly recommend that more clinical trials of high methodological and interventional quality are required to investigate the efficacy of various physical therapy approaches, including electrical stimulation, biofeedback exertion, acupressure, manual therapy, neuromodulation, core exercise therapy, hydrotherapy, well-designed ultrasound therapy protocols, and vaginal weight training.

Assessing the Impact of Maitland Mobilization Combined With a Conventional Physiotherapy Regimen Using the Visual Analog Scale and Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Scale in Diabetic Frozen Shoulder With Moderate Tissue Irritability Level.

Background Patients suffering from diabetic frozen shoulder face particular challenges, including limited shoulder motion and excruciating pain. Although traditional physiotherapy methods are commonly used, it is important to investigate the effectiveness of combining Maitland mobilization with traditional treatments, especially considering patients' tissue irritability levels as often patients cannot tolerate mobilization and exercises due to tissue irritability. This study aimed to investigate the impact of Maitland mobilization combined with a conventional physiotherapy regimen on pain and functional ability using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) scales in diabetic patients suffering from a frozen shoulder with moderate tissue irritability levels. Methodology A total of 30 diabetic patients suffering from frozen shoulders with moderate irritability levels were assigned to two groups. Group A was administered conventional physiotherapy which consisted of hot moist packs, therapeutic ultrasounds, and exercises. Group B received conventional therapywith Maitland mobilization. The treatment lasted for six weeks with four sessions per week. Pre- and post-treatment pain and disability were assessed using the VAS and DASH scales. Results Post-treatment Groups A and B showed significant improvements. In Group A, the mean VAS score reduced from 4.97 ± 0.26 to 4.00 ± 0.19 (p < 0.001), while Group B showed a greater reduction from 5.00 ± 0.21 to 2.71 ± 0.13 (p < 0.001). Both groups showed an improvement in DASH scores, with the DASH score decreasing from 27.17 ± 2.37 to 21.89 ± 1.89 in Group A (p < 0.001). Group B showed more significant improvement from 27.23 ± 1.73 to 15.12 ± 0.78 (p < 0.001). Intergroup analysis between both groups showed significantly better outcomes in Group B in both VAS and DASH scores (p < 0.001). Conclusions Maitland mobilization with conventional physiotherapy significantly decreases pain and improves functional recovery in diabetic patients suffering from frozen shoulders with moderate tissue irritability levels.

SPECIFICS OF PHYSICAL REHABILITATION OF CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY

Cerebral palsy (CP) is an umbrella term that covers a group of diseases that manifest themselves mainly in impaired movement, balance and posture. The number of children affected by this disease is constantly growing around the world. Today, cerebral palsy is one of the most common forms of childhood disability, affecting approximately 2-3 children per 1000 births. Purpose. to analyse and systematise the specifics of physical rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy. Materials and methods. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers analysed scientific literature and systematised information using electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar and others. Research results. The main approaches and methods of physical rehabilitation for children with cerebral palsy are traditional physiotherapy, hydrotherapy, botulinum therapy, robotic systems and therapy using virtual reality technologies. The main aspects of physiotherapy are assessment and planning, improving mobility and correcting posture, rehabilitation after surgery, and involvement in everyday life. Hydrotherapy uses the therapeutic properties of water to improve the physical functions and general well-being of children with this disease. The methods of hydrotherapy include swimming, exercises in a hydromassage pool, therapeutic exercises in water, and physiotherapy techniques. Botulinum toxin therapy (BT) is a spasticity treatment with the highest level of scientific evidence, which has been used for ~30 years in patients with cerebral palsy (CP). Botulinum toxin type A is used during botulinum therapy, which is a neurotoxin that blocks the transmission of nerve impulses to the muscles. This leads to a temporary weakening of the muscles, which helps to reduce spasticity and alleviate symptoms. Robotic systems and virtual reality (VR) technologies are innovative approaches used to rehabilitate children with cerebral palsy (CP). These technologies offer new opportunities to improve physical function and quality of life for children. Conclusions. Among a large number of traditional methods of physiotherapy, scientists highlight the high efficiency of Bobath therapy in the physical rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy. This is also confirmed by the research of Vitalia Kashuba and Bozhena Bukhovets, who developed a physical rehabilitation programme that included Bobath therapy. Hydrotherapy, or water therapy, is an important part of the rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy. It uses the healing properties of water to improve the physical functions and overall well-being of children with this disease. Research by Aikaterini Bayraktariadou, Konstantinos Chandolias and others demonstrates that hydrotherapy, either as an individual treatment or in combination with a standard exercise programme on land, can significantly contribute to improved mobility, increased exercise endurance and a better quality of life. Botulinum toxin is widely used in the rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy. A study by Farid Hareb and others shows that botulinum toxin therapy can be an effective method for improving the quality of life of children with cerebral palsy, helping to reduce spasticity and improve their motor function. Also, robotic technologies and VR have recently been actively introduced into the physical rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy. Research by Hyun Cho Chang, Menekseoglu Ahmet Kivanc, and Rocio Llamas-Ramos confirms the feasibility of combining traditional physiotherapy with robotic systems and virtual reality.

Effectiveness of Bobath Technique on Walking Speed and Balance in Hemiplegic Patients: A Review

Worldwide, stroke is the largest cause of disability, affecting walking speed and balance, especially in hemiplegics. Bobath, or Neurodevelopmental Treatment (NDT), is a specialist physiotherapy method that improves motor control and movement patterns for motor deficits. Given the prevalence of stroke and the importance of rehabilitation in recovery, the Bobath technique's ability to improve walking speed and balance, which are crucial to stroke survivors' functional independence, must be assessed. Methods: This Review examined how the Bobath method affected walking speed and balance in hemiplegic individuals. A total of 15 studies were evaluated. Most of studies uses 2 groups The Bobath group received three-times-weekly motor function and balance training for 12 weeks Data was collected at Baseline, 6-week, and 12-week. Aim: This research focused on to review whether the Bobath approach improved walking speed and balance in hemiplegic patients. Results: The research revealed a substantial improvement in walking speed using the Bobath approach, with a mean increase of 0.25 meters per second compared to 0.10 meters per second in the control group (p &lt; 0.05). Significant balance improvements were seen in the Bobath group, with a mean gain of 10 points on the Berg Balance Scale and 5 cm on the Functional Reach Test, compared to 4 points and 2 centimetres in the control group (p &lt; 0.05). The Bobath approach improved walking speed and balance no more than traditional physiotherapy. Conclusion: This research found that Bobath improves walking speed and balance in hemiplegics no more than traditional physiotherapy. These findings suggest that stroke therapy programs using the Bobath technique may improve functional outcomes. To validate these results and investigate the Bobath technique's long-term stroke healing advantages, bigger sample sizes and longer follow-ups are needed. Keyword: - Bobath concept, stroke, hemiplegia, rehabilitation.

Secondary Sarcopenia in Patients with Locomotor Disorders: Prevalence, Diagnosis and Medical Rehabilitation. A Review

INTRODUCTION. The development of rehabilitation methods for patients with sarcopenia, a generalized age-associated loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, is important, since sarcopenia leads to pronounced weakness, functional and motor disorders and an increased risk of death in the elderly. AIM. To analyze the prevalence, features of pathogenesis, diagnosis of secondary sarcopenia, including against the background of motor disorders due to stroke, as well as methods of treatment and medical rehabilitation of such patients. MAIN CONTENT. Among the secondary forms, sarcopenia is of the greatest clinical importance against the background of the consequences of acute cerebrovascular accident (ACA), due to muscular atrophy associated with paralysis and immobility, spasticity, inflammation and denervation of muscles, malnutrition and intestinal absorption of protein and vitamin D. Recent studies show that the prevalence of sarcopenia in stroke patients in emergency hospitals is 8.5–33.8 %, according to other data — more than 42 %. Muscle weakness after a stroke contributes to a decrease in physical functions and the development of disability, and sarcopenia leads to adverse outcomes 90 days after a stroke. According to the meta-analysis, which included 7 cohort studies with a total sample of 1,774 patients who underwent ACA, 27.1 % of them had sarcopenia. Moreover, the presence of sarcopenia negatively affected the clinical and functional outcomes of ACA, as well as the results of medical rehabilitation (odds ratio: 2.42, 95 % confidence interval: 1.76–3.33, p 0.001). CONCLUSION. Despite the prevalence and relevance of this pathology, rehabilitation programs for patients with sarcopenia against the background of the consequences of ACA have not been developed. Isolated foreign publications demonstrate the effectiveness of certain methods of physical therapy and electrical stimulation, but the evidence base for their effectiveness is low.

Application of tensegrity massage in spinal pain complaints

Background: Nowadays, back pain is a global health, social, and economic problem, considered a disease of civilization. The problem affects about 80-85% of the population in Poland and 70% worldwide. It occurs in people of all ages, regardless of gender or type of work. Among the many physiotherapy methods used for acute and chronic spinal pain is therapeutic massage. Aim of the Study: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of tensegrity massage for back pain. Material and methods: The study material consisted of a group of 25 patients with back pain, ranging in age from 22 to 78 years (mean M = 54 years). Sixteen women and nine men participated in the study. Before and immediately after therapy, palpation of selected tissues, pain assessment using the VAS scale, and assessment of disability using the Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire were performed. Massage therapy lasted 3 weeks, twice a week, with treatments lasting 45 minutes at a time. Results: After therapy, pain complaints (visual analog scale – VAS) decreased (p&gt;0.001), and scores on the Oswestry questionnaire decreased (p&gt;0.001), indicating less physical disability. A statistically significant asymmetry in perceived pressure sensitivity on palpation was observed both before and after therapy. In both studies, the level of pressure pain experienced on the right side was significantly higher (p &lt; 0.05). A statistically significant (p = 0.01) negative correlation was observed between the change in the level of physical disability and the change in tissue sensitivity in palpation assessment as a result of therapy (rho = -0.539).Conclusions: Tensegrity massage is an effective method of relieving spinal pain. It can be used in the treatment of chronic spinal conditions.

Dropped head syndrome secondary to head and neck cancer: Impact on functıonal and body image scale

ObjectiveThe primary aim of our prospective study was to assess the impact of Dropped Head Syndrome (DHS), a rare condition in Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) clinics, on patients' functional status and body image. Our secondary aim is to investigate the relationship between head and neck lymphoedema (HNL) and DHS, which will be examined for the first time in the literature. MethodsWe conducted a study involving 47 patients, aged between 18 and 75, who had been diagnosed with HNC, and exhibited clinical symptoms of DHS for at least 12 months. The staging of HNL was assessed using the MD Anderson Cancer Center HNL (MDACC HNL) staging system. We also administered The Total Functional Scale (TFS) which was a subscale of EORTC QLQ-C30 (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30) and the Body Image Scale (BIS). ResultsIn the study, it was observed that the BIS was significantly lower in patient groups aged 50 and over (p = 0.0495), those with a laryngectomy (p = 0.0002), those who had undergone bilateral neck dissection (p = 0.0291), and particularly in patients with stage 2–3 lymphedema (p < 0.0001). Similarly, it was noted that passive cervical extension limitation had a statistically significant impact on both the BIS (p < 0.0001) and the TFS (p < 0.0001). It was also found that BIS (p < 0.0001) and TFS (p < 0.0001) improved in the late postoperative period (12 months ≤) and this improvement was statistically significant. ConclusionsIn this study, we found statistical relationships between age, laryngectomy, surgery procedures, lymphedema stages, passive cervical extension limitations, total functional score, and BIS. Early diagnosis of DHS allows for supportive care and physiotherapy methods, which can lead to improvement. HNL and DHS should be prevented to improve quality of life and body image and increase survival. Therefore, further research with a much larger patient population is needed.

The use of the 360 MD Huber platform in rehabilitation of lumbar radiculopathies, chronic period

Low back pain (LBP) is a common medical condition with a negative impact on quality of life and work. It also leads to financial costs for the health system by increasing the costs of medical treatment. Numerous studies have focused on the effects of exercise, with some highlighting the role of protective studies in LBP while other studies have shown no beneficial. There is moderate-certainty evidence that therapeutic exercise is beneficial in the treatment of chronic low back pain compared with other treatment modalities. Muscle strengthening and the creation of spinal mobility through specific exercise is a recognized therapeutic approach to the prevention and treatment of LBP. The main objecvtive is to evaluate the effectiveness of a physi-cal therapy program utilizing the 360 Huber platform on the quality of life for individuals with chronic lumbar radiculopathy. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 30 participants diagnosed with chronic lumbar radiculopathy. Participants were divided into an ex-perimental group (n=20) receiving the 360 Huber platform-based rehabilitation protocol, and a control group (n=10) continuing standard care. The intervention included 15 sessions of physical therapy on the 360 Huber platform, complemented by electrotherapy and therapeutic massage. The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) was administered pre- and post-intervention to assess changes in functional outcomes and quality of life. The experimental group demonstrat-ed a significant reduction in ODI scores, with an average decrease of 1.85 points (10.11%) from 18.30 to 16.45. The paired t-test analysis revealed a statistically significant difference (p &lt; 0.001) and a very large effect size (1.11), indicating substantial improvements in functional outcomes. The control group showed no significant changes. The rehabilitation protocol using the 360 Huber platform, combined with electrotherapy and therapeutic massage, effectively im-proves functional outcomes and quality of life for patients with chronic lumbar radiculopathy. The study highlights the potential of integrating advanced technology with traditional physical therapy methods to enhance treatment efficacy. Future research with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods is recommended to confirm these findings and explore additional therapeutic modalities.