Method For Local Treatment Research Articles

Comparison of apparatus and methods for tactile marking of polymeric films with Braille alphabet

This article analyzes contact and non-contact methods for local heat treatment of heat shrink films in tactile marking devices. The characteristics of polymeric film heating processes under heat transfer from metal stamps and laser emitters were investigated. The article contains diagrams obtained by differential scanning calorimetry of polymeric heat shrink film exposed to thermal effect of different tactile marking devices. The article also describes stereometry of Braille elements obtained by using a metal stamp and a laser emitter.

Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy of Lymph Node Oligometastases

The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of extracranial stereotactic radiotherapy for the treatment of oligometastatic lymph node involvement in the mediastinum, retroperitoneum, and pelvis in a consecutive group of patients from real clinical practice. Of a total of 50 patients treated between 2011 and 2017, 29 were men and 21 were women, and the mean age was 62 years (median 66 years, range 25-81 years). Patients were most often irradiated in five fractions; the dose was selected according to dose-volume histograms of organs-at-risk in proximity to the planning target volume. The primary objectives were local control (LC), progression-free survival (PFS), time to multiple dissemination not allowing the use of local treatment methods (freedom from widepread dissemination - FFWD), and overall survival (OS). Acute and delayed toxicity were evaluated as well. The median dose equivalent at α/β = 10 (BED10) was 54 Gy (range 48-80 Gy). The median follow-up period was 40.4 months. LC after irradiation was 90% in 1 year and 75% in 3 years. Median time to local progression was not achieved. Patients irradiated with a high dose had significantly better LC than patients irradiated with a low dose; the cut-off was the median of the applied dose (ie BED10 = 54 Gy). Pathological node localization had no significant effect on LC. The median PFS was 8.2 months (95% CI 7.4-11.6 months). PFS in 1 year was 38.5% and 17% in 3 years. The median OS was 37.3 months (95% CI 23.2-51.4 months). One-year OS was 83% and 3-year OS was 51%. The median FFWD was 13.6 months (range 8.7-18.5 months). The one-year FFWD was 55% and the 3-year FFWD was 24%. None of these parameters (PFS, OS, FFWD) was dose or localization dependent. No grade III or IV toxicity was reported. Our study shows that targeted stereotactic radiotherapy is a very effective low toxic treatment for oligometastatic lymph node involvement. It can delay cytotoxic chemotherapy and thus improve/maintain the quality of life of patients. Approximately one fifth of patients treated with extracranial stereotactic radiotherapy for oligometastatic lymph node involvement survived without signs of disease for prolonged periods. Future studies should aim at identifying patients who would benefit most from this treatment, adjusting the timing of extracranial stereotactic radiotherapy depending on the treatment strategy, and optimizing the dose prescription. This work was supported by grant of the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic AZV 19-00354 and by grant of the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic - Conceptual development of a research organization (MMCI 00209805). The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE recommendation for biomedical papers.

Arma-Gel Hydrogel for the treatment of lower extremity trophic ulcers

The aim — to evaluate the Arma‑gel hydrogel dressings (UkrTechMed) feasibility and the effectiveness in the local treatment of trophic ulcers of the lower extremities.Materials and methods. The treatment results of 14 patients with CVI and long‑term non‑healing trophic ulcers of the lower extremities were analyzed after Arma‑gel hydrogel dressings in combination with conventional treatments.Results and discussion. The hydrogel dressing in the complex treatment of trophic ulcers of the lower extremities has proven to be an effective and appropriate method of local treatment. According to the manufacturer, the technical specifications of the product are true. Hermeticity and moisture of the wound, portioning and constant intake of the active therapeutic component from the dressing, preventing secondary infection of the wound, maintaining a constant pH environment in the wound allowed granulation tissue to actively develop, and reduces the healing time of the wound surface. The easy usage makes it possible to monitor patients remotely in most cases. Patients noted a reduction in the treatment cost due to decreased dressings manipulations and reduction and absence of pain syndrome almost from the first hours after usage.Conclusions. The use of Arma‑gel hydrogel dressings in the treatment of patients with trophic ulcers of the lower extremities helped to reduce the closure time of wounds by 2 — 3 times due to the activation of the granulation process and the development of active granulation in the wound. The calculated economic benefit for 1 month showed that the cost of one usual dressing was 67 — 89 UAH, the cost for 1 month was 2000 — 2500 UAH, and Arma‑gel dressing 1 time in 5 days — 70 — 75 UAH. This suggests the advisability of hydrogel dressings in the complex treatment of patients with trophic ulcers of the lower extremities in the presence of chronic venous insufficiency.

Magnetic Hyperthermia Using Self-Controlled Heating Elements Consisting of Fe-Al Milling Alloy Induces Cancer Cell Apoptosis while Preserving Skeletal Muscle

Necrosis-inducing anticancer drugs enhance high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) release during cell necrosis, and HMGB1-induced autophagy in skeletal muscle induces muscle atrophy. We evaluated the efficacy of magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT) using a low-energy magnetic field and self-controlled heating elements in tumor treatment. MHT-induced apoptosis by heating mouse subcutaneous tumors at 43°C using a heat-controlling iron-aluminum (Fe-Al) milling alloy. In contrast, MHT using Fe line-induced necrosis by heating to approximately 100°C. Furthermore, MHT with Fe-Al milling alloy reduced stemness. In hyperthermia using age line or Fe-Al milling alloy, both of them provided histological degeneration in skeletal muscle; however, qualitative differences were observed. MHT using Fe-line induced pronounced autophagy, decrease of myosin heavy chain content, and increase in serum HMGB1. In contrast, MHT using Fe-Al milling alloy induced heat shock protein 90 but no autophagy and decreased serum HMGB1. Therefore, MHT using Fe-Al milling alloy might be a good method for local treatment of tumors to reduce skeletal muscle atrophy.

Лечение цитомегаловирусного ретинита

Cytomegalovirus retinitis is an inflammatory necrotic disease of the retina that can have a rapidly progressing course. Patients suffering from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and recipients of organs or hematopoietic stem cells are most susceptible to this disease. This review of the literature describes the systemic and local methods of antiviral treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis, describes in detail the characteristics of the drugs used and describes the results of research aimed at their improvement. Also this review provides information about immunotherapy of cytomegalovirus retinitis.

Oxygen Sorption Treatment in the Treatment of Soft Tissue Wounds

Background. The number of patients with soft tissue wounds does not tend to decrease, which is largely due to the growth of patients with injuries, ulcerative defects, skin tumors, comorbid pathology, including diabetes mellitus, antibiotic-resistant strains and other causes. New methods of local treatment of wounds based on the application of the latest achievements of science are constantly being introduced into the work of surgical departments. High efficiency is demonstrated by the use of sorbents and oxygen, which enhance the reparative processes in wounds.The aim of the study was to study in experimental conditions the effectiveness of the method of surgical treatment of soft tissue wounds, based on the use of jet oxygen sorption treatment (SCS).Materials and methods. The study was performed on 150 white Wistar rats in 5 groups of animals. In the 1st control group treatment was not carried out. In the 2nd and 3rd control groups, the wound surface was treated with a jet of air and oxygen, respectively; in the 4th control group, sorbent was applied to the wound surface. In the 1st experimental group conducted scso wound surface. The study of the effectiveness of SCS was carried out using objective, planimetric, histological and histochemical research methods. Results. The use of sorbent (4th control group) and the method of jet oxygen sorption treatment (1st main group) led to the most pronounced positive changes-acceleration of relief of the studied symptoms by 1.1-1.3 times and 1.2 1.5 times, respectively, compared with the data obtained in the 1st control group. Treatment of wounds with oxygen jet (3rd control group) had practically no advantages in comparison with treatment with air jet (2nd control group).Conclusion. Indirectly, the highest activity of reparative processes during the observation period in the 4th control and 1st main groups was confirmed by the average optical density of RNA and SH-groups, and their desire to normalize to 10 days could indicate the completion of processes of stratification in the wound area. In total, the average area of wounds was minimal in the 1st experimental group, where this figure was by the 3rd and 10th days-74.0% and 99.5% compared to the baseline data.

Photodynamic inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial biofilms using new polycationic photosensitizers

The treatment of infected, long-term, non-healing, complicated wounds of the skin and mucosa, trophic ulcers, pressure sores and ulcers of diabetic feet represents a serious problem, especially in the case of resistant and multi-resistant pathogens. Antibacterial photodynamic therapy can be a promising method of local infected foci treatment of such diseases.This work is devoted to the study of the possibility of photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria in the form of biofilms with the help of new polycationic photosensitizers (PSs) based on octacationic phthalocyanine and tetra- and octabacteriochlorins (ZnPcChol8, (3-PyBrE)4BCBr4 and (3-PyEPy)4BCBr8). More specifically, this work aims to clarify the role of light irradiation in PDI with the participation of new PSs, which has not been fully studied, especially with respect to the comparison of different PS types.

Plants used as painkillers in folk medicine in Turkey IV – TOOTHACHE

DOI : 10.5152/IstanbulJPharm.2018.412321 Turkey has a rich plant diversity due to its geography and many of these plants are used in the treatment of various diseases. The usage of these medicinal plants has been passed down from generation to generation. Ethnobotanical studies are used to record traditional treatment methods and this information is intended to contribute to drug development studies. This study (which is the fourth article in a series focusing on plants with painkilling properties) details the plants used to combat toothache. In this survey, which was prepared by screening ethnobotanical research, a total of 52 taxa were traditionally used in toothache treatment in Turkey. Scientific and local names, families, parts used, and treatment methods of these plants were recorded. According to the results of the research, the most common families are Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Liliaceae and Rosaceae. The most commonly used taxa in different regions of Turkey are Cornus mas, Dianthus zonatus var. zonatus and Hyocyamus niger. These plants contain analgesic and anti-inflammatory compounds. These plants are usually used externally as extracts (infusion/decoction) as well as are used directly. However, a few species are also used externally.

Comparative fertility and pregnancy outcomes after local treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and stage 1a1 cervical cancer: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis from the CIRCLE group

IntroductionThere are several local treatment methods for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia that remove or ablate a cone-shaped part of the uterine cervix. There is evidence to suggest that these increase the...

Effect of a nanodispersion silica composite with polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride on immunological indicators and indicators of oxidation and antioxidant homeostasis in rats with thermal burn

Worldwide, nearly 6 million people annually seek medical attention for burn wounds. Today, the main method of local treatment of wounds and burns, including infected ones, is the use of medicines containing antiseptics, antibiotics, sorbents, as well as their combinations.Purpose. To determine the effect of a nanosized silica composite with polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride on the immunological parameters and oxidative-antioxidant homeostasis in the blood and in the lesion of rats with an uninfected thermal burn.Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 72 rats, which were modeled by a thermal burn of the II degree. The animals were divided into 4 groups: intact, control, treated with chlorhexidine, treated with a composite of nanosized silica with polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride. On the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day, the animals were removed from the experiment and the immunological parameters and the parameters of oxidative-antioxidant homeostasis in the blood and skin in the lesion were determined.Results. Thermal injury is directly related to biochemical changes in the body. We compared the levels of anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines, markers of free radical oxidation - diene conjugate (DC), the active products of thiobarbituric acid (TBA-AP), the activity of catalase (Cat) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). It was proved that the NDK + PHMG-GC composite showed significantly more pronounced compared with chlorhexidine, a pharmacological effect in reducing the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α and an increase in the content of IL-10 in the blood and the focus of thermal burn during the entire observation period . Also, the composite effectively affects oxidation-antioxidant homeostasis, which is manifested in the normalization of the content of DC and TBA-AP on the 14th day, restoration of Cat activity on the 14th day, SOD - already on the 7th day compared with chlorhexidine.Conclusions. The study indicates that the NDS + PHMG composite has pronounced anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties, which allows it to be used as a combined preparation for the treatment of thermal burns

Mathematical simulation of temperature distribution in tumor tissue and surrounding healthy tissue treated by laser combined with indocyanine green

BackgroundPhotothermal therapy is a local treatment method for cancer and the heat energy generated from it could destroy the tumor cells. This study is aimed to investigate the temperature distribution in tumor tissue and surrounding health tissue of tumor bearing mice applying mathematical simulation model. Tumor bearing mice treated by laser combined with or without indocyanine green. Monte Carlo method and the Pennes bio-heat equation were used to calculate the light distribution and heat energy. COMSOL Multiphysic was adopted to construct three dimensional temperature distribution model.ResultsThis study revealed that the data calculated by simulation model is in good agreement with the surface temperature monitored by infrared thermometer. Effected by the optical parameters and boundary conditions of tissue, the highest temperature of tissue treated by laser combined with indocyanine green was about 65 °C which located in tumor tissue and the highest temperature of tissue treated by laser was about 43 °C which located under the tumor tissue. The temperature difference was about 20 °C. Temperature distribution in tissue was not uniform. The temperature difference in different parts of tumor tissue raised up to 15 °C. The temperature of tumor tissue treated by laser combined with indocyanine green was about 20 °C higher than that of the surrounding healthy tissue.ConclusionsReasonably good matching between the calculated temperature and the measured temperature was achieved, thus demonstrated great utility of our modeling method and approaches for deepening understand in the temperature distribution in tumor tissue and surrounding healthy tissue during the laser combined with photosensitizer. The simulation model could provide guidance and reference function for the effect of photothermal therapy.

Imiquimod 5% Cream Versus Cryotherapy in Classic Kaposi Sarcoma

Classic Kaposi sarcoma usually remains on the skin and has a slow progression; thus, local treatment methods are preferable. Imiquimod is an immunomodulatory agent with antiviral, antitumoural, and antiangiogenic properties that is expedient against Kaposi sarcoma. We aimed to clarify whether imiquimod is effective on classic Kaposi sarcoma lesions by comparing imiquimod treatment with cryotherapy, which is the most-used treatment method in our department for this disease. Patients with classic Kaposi sarcoma were included. All lesions of each patient were evaluated and measured by the blinded investigator considering infiltration and surface diameters. Then, lesions were categorized into 2 groups by the other investigator (nonblinded), and imiquimod 5% cream was administered 3 times per week without occlusion in 1 group. Cryotherapy was performed every 3 weeks in the other group. All lesions were reevaluated and measured at the end of 12 weeks by the blinded investigator. Initial and last measurements were compared between the treatment methods. Fifty lesions of 8 patients were included in this study. Imiquimod and cryotherapy were applied to 26 and 24 lesions, respectively. At the end of the study, statistically significant decreases were detected in all scores between weeks 0 and 12 with both treatment methods. Mean percentages of change in scores were not significantly different between the methods. Based on a limited number of patients and lesions treated, we believe imiquimod may be a suitable option to use for the treatment of classic Kaposi sarcoma.

Study on hardening and deformation in laser hardening for small and thin parts: effects of dummy irradiation method

ABSTRACTLaser hardening process attracted attention because of its ability for a local heat treatment method without cooling solution. The local heat treatment with small power density can result in small deformation of the workpiece, which can perform without post-process for the finish. However, such superior features can be demonstrated in the case of a workpiece with large volume and heat capacity for self-cooling. Small and thin parts might not have enough volume and heat capacity for showing the features. Therefore, we proposed a novel process to complete heat treatment and deformation-less process only using a laser. The process has a laser irradiation for hardening and another laser irradiation for deformation correction. In the present paper, a fundamental study on hardening and deformation was carried out. Experimental results showed that the deformation phenomenon was complicated and quenching was difficult in laser hardening for small thin parts. Therefore, by considering factors, a method to improve was suggested. From these results, deformation and hardening phenomena occurring during laser irradiation of small thin parts were examined, and the adaptability of the proposed dummy irradiation method was shown.

3D-CONFORMAL RADIATION THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH HEPATOCELLULAR CANCER

Despite the wide possibilities of applying various methods of local and systemic treatment and their continuous improvement, the results of treatment of patients with hepatocellular cancer in general remain unsatisfactory. Based on the latest achievements of science and technology, modern radiation therapy can be used as an effective method of local exposure to liver tumors because of its relative effectiveness and acceptable tolerability. Radiation treatment in the mode of stereotactic body radiation therapy is a promising direction in the complex treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. It makes it possible to apply ablative doses with a significant reduction of the doses on healthy organs and tissues in a short period of time and the combination of this technique with other approaches of antitumor treatment.

Conservative treatment of hemorrhoids: focus on combination tribenoside and lidocaine

Hemorrhoidal disease has been known since ancient times and remains one of the most common human diseases. This review presents the results of tribenoside and lidocaine combinations used in the conservative therapy of hemorrhoids, which give grounds to recommend combination therapy with tribenoside and lidocaine in the form of rectal cream and rectal suppositories as an effective and safe method of local treatment of hemorrhoids and moderate severity in different categories of patients, allowing to achieve rapid clinical improvement.

Хірургічне лікування низхідного гнійного медіастиніту

Мета. Покращити результати лікування хворих з низхідним гнійним медіастинітом (НГМ) шляхом удосконалення хірургічних доступів до середостіння, методів місцевого хірургічного лікування та дренування середостіння.
 Матеріали і методи. Проведено обстеження та лікування 170 хворих із флегмоною шиї (ФШ) за період з 2004 по 2018 р. У 73 (42,9%) хворих ФШ ускладнилася розвитком НГМ. Чоловіків було 49 (67,1%), жінок − 24 (32,9%) віком від 21 до 72 років, середній вік хворих становив (47,3 ± 4,3) року.
 Результати. Хірургічне лікування НГМ передбачає усунення первинного джерела захворювання, вибір операційного доступу до середостіння, розкриття і санацію всіх гнійних ділянок середостіння, забезпечення постійного видалення гнійних мас із клітковини середостіння та плевральної порожнини. У разі застосування інтрамедіастинального введення антибактеріальних препаратів у 30 (90,9%) із 33 хворих гнійний процес було ліквідовано на стадії ФШ без його поширення в клітковину середостіння. НГМ розвинувся лише у 3 (9,1%) хворих. Із 137 хворих, яким даний метод не застосовували, у 70 (51,1%) ФШ ускладнилася НГМ.
 Висновки. Застосовуючи інтрамедіастинальне введення антибактеріальних препаратів у хворих з ФШ, ми знизили частоту поширення гнійного процесу в середостіння з розвитком НГМ з 51,1 до 9,1%. Перевагами використання відеоасистованої торакоскопії в порівнянні з торакотомією є менша травматичність, скорочення тривалості операції, хороша візуалізація уражених ділянок плеври та можливість мініінвазивного дренування середостіння та плевральної порожнини.
 Розроблена тактика хірургічного лікування НГМ забезпечує адекватну санацію гнійних вогнищ на шиї та в середостінні, швидке зниження рівня ендогенної інтоксикації та зменшення летальності із 27,0 до 8,3%.

Local biomaterials-assisted cancer immunotherapy to trigger systemic antitumor responses.

Cancer immunotherapy by educating or stimulating patients' own immune systems to attack cancer cells has demonstrated promising therapeutic responses in the clinic. However, although the number of approved immunotherapeutics is rapidly increasing, key challenges such as limited clinical response rate and significant autoimmunity-related adverse effects remain to be resolved. Recently, it has been discovered that a diverse range of biomaterials-assisted local treatment methods including localized radiotherapy, chemotherapy or phototherapy are able to stimulate the immune systems, often by inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD). The triggered tumor-specific immunological responses after such local treatments, especially in combination with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy, can achieve a significant abscopal effect to attack whole-body spreading metastatic cancer cells, and later on result in immune memory to inhibit tumor recurrence. Moreover, local delivery of immunomodulatory therapeutics with biomaterials has also been demonstrated to be an alternative strategy to improve the therapeutic responses and reduce side effects of cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we would like to summarize the latest advances, challenges and opportunities in utilizing biomaterials-assisted local treatment strategies for enhancing anticancer immunity, and discuss further prospects in this field together with how this strategy may possibly be translated into clinical use.

Experimental evaluation of the effectiveness of local treatment of skin burns with сarbopol easier to disperse 2020 hydrogel with human leukemia differentiation factor-6 peptide

The results of experimental evaluation of the effectiveness of topical application of the peptide human leukemia differentiation factor-6 in carbopol hydrogel easier to disperse 2020 in thermal burns of skin of III degree are presented. It was found that local application of human leukemia differentiation factor-6 peptide in hydrogel carbopol in concentration from 0,01% to 0,00001% causes acceleration of wound epithelialization processes by 28 days by 71,11% (p0,01) and reduces the incidence of purulent complications by 62,5% (p0,05). Histological examination of biopsy specimens of wounds revealed essential features of morphometry, considering the chosen method of treatment and concentration of peptide of human leukemic factor-6 differentiation in carbopol hydrogel. The proposed method of local treatment of burn skin lesions is very promising for optimizing the flow of reparative regeneration processes. The low frequency of purulent complications in the group of animals treated with a minimum peptide content may be due to the combined action of carbopol hydrogel as determinants of wound healing in a wet environment, and the optimal concentration of the peptide human leukemia differentiation factor-6, providing anti-inflammatory effect in a minimum concentration. Analysis of the histological pattern in the studied groups of animals allows us to conclude about the acceleration of the formation of the extracellular matrix, and epithelialization of the wound surface on the background of an application of the peptide human leukemia differentiation factor-6 minimum concentration. On the 14th day of observation the number of microvessels in granulation tissue among animals treated with human leukemia differentiation factor-6 in carbopol hydrogel easier to disperse 2020 with minimum concentration (0,00001%) was 40,6-43,75% more than in the comparison groups. The use of biologically active peptides is one of the promising methods of wound process optimization. human leukemia differentiation factor-6 peptide can selectively stimulate proliferation by enhancing redox processes in cells.

The Study of Influence of Different Methods of Local Treatment on Wound Healing in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers

To evaluate the influence of different methods of local treatment on tissue repair in patients with diabetic foot ulcers. We evaluated such clinical characteristics as wound size and local perfusion after using negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT), local collagen, and standard care in patients with diabetic foot ulcers. We observed 63 patients with neuropathic and neuroischemic forms of diabetic foot (without critical ischemia) after surgical debridement. After that 21 patients received NPWT, 21 local collagen treatment and 21 ― standard care. After using NPWT wound area and depth decreased in 19,8% and 42,8% (p<0.05), in group of collagen dressings in 26,4 and 30,4% (p<0.05). In control group those parameters were 17,0 и 16.6% respectively (p<0.05). There was found the significant increase of local perfusion according to oxygen monitoring in group of NPWT (p<0.05). The received data showed that the intensity of lower limb tissue repair processes increases more significant after using NPWT and collagen dressings in comparison to standard care which is found according to wound size and tissue perfusion alterations.

High precision laser hardening method using dummy irradiation for small and thin parts: fundamental study on hardening and deformation

ABSTRACTA laser hardening process has received much attention because of its ability as a local heat treatment method without requiring a cooling solution. A local heat treatment with a small power density can result in the small deformation of the workpiece that can be performed without a post-process for finishing. However, such superior features can be demonstrated in the case of a workpiece with a large volume and a heat capacity for self-cooling. Small and thin parts such as brake disks and miniature guide rails might not have enough volume or heat capacity to show the features. Therefore, we propose a novel method that completes the heat treatment and deformation-less processes only using a laser. The method has a laser irradiation for hardening and another one for deformation correction. In the present paper, we carried out a fundamental study on hardening and deformation and demonstrated the potential of the proposed method.