Legal Research Method Research Articles

Implementation Of Permendag No. 31 Of 2023 On The Merger Of Tiktok Shop Social Commerce With Tokopedia E-Commerce And The Impact On Umkm Actors. Tokopedia E-Commerce And The Impact On Umkm Actors

This research focuses on exploring the extent to which the application/implementation of Permendag No. 31 of 2023 concerning Business Licensing, Advertising, Development, and Supervision of Business Actors in Trading Through Electronic Systems towards the Merger of Social Commerce TikTok Shop with E-commerce Tokopedia and how it impacts MSME actors which includes protection and an increase in their business turnover. This study aims to determine how the Implementation of Permendag No. 31 of 2023 is towards the merger of TikTok Shop with Tokopedia and to find out the impact on MSME players both in terms of Legal Protection and turnover income. In answering the problems in this study, we use a legal research method, namely Normative Juridical, where we focus on legal studies of Permendag No. 31 of 2023. The author examines the extent to which the implementation of the presence of the Permendag for MSME actors and the merger of TikTok Shop with Tokopedia. So in the end, we find the conclusion that the presence of this Permendag has fulfilled the need to protect business actors who carry out their activities through PMSE and the merger between TikTok Shop and Tokopedia which then merged into Shop Tokopedia which is currently managed under Tokopedia is by the contents of Permendag Number 31 of 2023, namely social commerce is not allowed to provide transaction services in it. Social media only functions as a social media service.

Juridical Analysis of the Comparison of Different Religious Marriage Laws Based on the Adminduk Law Article 35 with SEMA No 2 Years 2023 Concerning Marriage Registration

Interfaith marriage is an issue that has not been resolved to date. In current practice in Indonesian society, interfaith marriage processions are generally carried out by carrying out the marriage with a religious procession each of which is followed by the prospective husband and wife or in the sense that there are two religious processes being carried out or only carrying out one religious procession or what generally happens is not carrying out religious processions at all so that it does not comply with Article 2 paragraph (1) of the Marriage Law regarding valid marriages. The legal research method used in this research is normative juridical research which is research carried out or aimed only at written regulations with the nature of descriptive analysis research which is a method that functions to describe or provide an overview of the object being studied. The data source used is secondary data with quantitative data analysis. The results of this research are the Hierarchy of Legislation in Indonesia. If it is related to the Civil Admin Law Article 35 with SEMA Number 2 of 2023, the legal force of SEMA has a lower hierarchy than the law. Therefore, it can be concluded that the provisions contained in the Administer Law cannot be changed by SEMA Number 2 of 2023. However, this SEMA still influences the direction for judges not to grant requests for inter-religious marriages.

The Role and Benefits of People's Requirements (MPRS) in The Indonesian State System after The 1945 Amendment: Optimization and Challenges

The study seeks to examine the role and jurisdiction of the People's Assembly of Permusyavaratan (MPR) within the Indonesian statehood system after the modification of UUD 1945. It also intends to identify the efforts made to optimize its functioning and the problems encountered. Normative legal research methods are employed to specifically analyze primary, secondary, and tertiary legal material. The primary legal materials consist of the 1945 Basic Act and its subsequent changes, along with the relevant statutes that regulate the MPR. Secondary legal resources encompass pertinent literature, periodicals, and scientific publications. The research findings indicate that the modifications made to the 1945 UUD have limited the jurisdiction of the MPR, which currently possesses only one primary authority while the others are considered secondary. Constitutional Supremacy establishes the Constitution as the primary framework for governing the state, with the MPR being seen as an autonomous institution alongside the DPR and DPD. While the powers of the MP are restricted, responsibilities like the Socialization of the Four Pillars continue to be essential in maintaining the fundamental foundations of the state. The enhancement of the MPR's authority relies significantly on the agreement among parliament members as stated in the MD3 Act. The primary obstacle it faces is to ensure the MPR remains relevant and effective in a constantly changing statehood environment. The paper suggests implementing strategic initiatives to enhance the role of MPR in the Indonesian statehood system by implementing policy reforms and improving institutional capability.

Juridical Analysis of Implementation of Multi-Purpose Financing Agreements at PT. Sinarmas Mataram Branch

This research aims to analyze the implementation of multipurpose financing at the Mataram branch of Sinarmas Multifinance, as well as to analyze the settlement in the event of a debtor defaulting in a multipurpose financing agreement at Sinarmas Multifinance Mataram branch. By using empirical legal research methods. The results of this research show that the implementation of multi-purpose financing agreements in multi-finance companies begins with good intentions between the two parties entering into the agreement. Settlement of disputes if the debtor defaults on the financing agreement, in this case PT. Sinarmas Multifinance has made its own rules in accordance with the provisions for the execution of fiduciary guarantees in PT multipurpose financing agreements. Sinarmas Multifinance is stated in the terms and conditions of the multipurpose financing agreement providing funding facilities in the provisions of Article 6. Multipurpose agreement made by PT. Sinarmas Multi Finance Mataram Branch is legally strong enough to protect its interests and conversely its protection for consumers is very weak, however the practice/procedure or mechanism of the multipurpose agreement implemented by PT. Sinarmas Multi Finance Mataram Branch has created a weak position for debtors. Apart from that, the execution process at PT. Sinarmas Multifinance Mataram Branch does not wait for the Court's Decision, which according to the rules in the execution process must first wait for the competent Court's Decision. multipurpose agreement, the parties, both creditors and debtors, should understand their respective rights and obligations and be responsible for implementing the agreement as agreed in good faith and complying with the prohibitions contained in the agreement so as not to cause disputes that cause losses to the parties.

Legal Aspects of Land Burning for Agricultural Land Clearing as A Form of Local Wisdom in Certain Areas

Indonesia is an agricultural country where the majority of the population makes their living as farmers. This cannot be separated from Indonesia's geographical conditions, where most of its income comes from natural resources, including forest products, mining, and others. One of the state's goals is to create a just and prosperous society, as stated in the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, second paragraph. Article 27, paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution asserts that "Every citizen has the right to work and to a livelihood that is decent for humanity." The largest informal employment sector is agriculture, which heavily depends on the availability of agricultural land. Currently, agricultural land is decreasing due to large-scale plantation enterprises occupying thousands of hectares. Traditional farmers in certain areas, particularly in South Kalimantan, still use the shifting cultivation method for land clearing, which involves cutting down shrubs, burning it after it was dry, clearing the land, and planting it with secondary crops. This method has been passed down from their ancestors. According to Law Number 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management, as amended by Law Number 6 of 2023 concerning Stipulation of Government Regulations in Lieu of Law Number 1 of 2022 on Job Creation, article 69, paragraph (1), letter h, prohibits land clearing by burning. However, paragraph (2) states that the provision referred to in paragraph (1), letter h, is exempted for communities who conduct such activities by seriously considering local wisdom in their respective areas. Meanwhile, Law Number 41 of 1999 on Forestry, Article 50, paragraph (1), letter d, also prohibits land burning, with penalties of up to 15 years imprisonment and fines of up to Rp. 5,000,000,000 (five billion rupiah), as stipulated in Article 78, paragraph (3). Based on this background, the purpose of this research is to reveal how legal protection is for farmers who clear agricultural land in forest areas by burning the land as a form of their local wisdom. To analyze this issue, the researcher employs normative legal research methods with legislative and literature approaches by reviewing and analyzing relevant legislation. The research findings indicate that although the Law Number 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management stipulates a prohibition on land burning with consideration for local wisdom, farmers who clear land by burning have not yet received legal protection.

Norm Conflicts on Criminal and Administrative Sanctions in Forestry Law

This research is motivated by obstacles in the law enforcement process due to conflicts between government regulations and laws in the application of criminal and administrative sanctions in the forestry sector. The method used in this research is a normative legal research method with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The purpose of this research is to analyze and provide solutions to the norm conflict between Article 18 paragraphs (1) and (2) of the Republic of Indonesia Law No. 6 of 2023 concerning the Government Regulation in Lieu of Law (Perppu) No. 2 of 2022 on Job Creation, which has been enacted into law, and the Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 24 of 2021 on the Procedures for Imposing Administrative Sanctions and Procedures for Non-Tax State Revenue Derived from Administrative Fines in the Forestry Sector. The research findings indicate that based on the principle of lex superior derogate lex inferior, the applicable provisions are Article 18 paragraphs (1) and (2) of the Republic of Indonesia Law No. 6 of 2023, which states that criminal and administrative sanctions are imposed cumulatively. Therefore, Government Regulation No. 24 of 2021, which states that criminal sanctions are not imposed, must be set aside. To resolve this norm conflict, several steps can be taken, including legal interpretation by the Supreme Court, consultation and negotiation between legislative and executive bodies, revision and amendment of regulations by executive or legislative bodies, court intervention by the Supreme Court or the Constitutional Court, and regulation by independent bodies through the National Legislation Agency in Indonesia. This research provides recommendations to the government to formulate government regulations that do not conflict with laws to ensure an unhindered law enforcement process and achieve legal certainty, justice, and utility.

Two Settlement Pathways for Gross Violations of Human Rights Based on The Dignified Justice Theory

Settlement of gross violations of human rights might be pursued by choosing two “paths” provided. The first “path” is via the Human Rights Court. This route is also called litigation settlement. The second path is an alternative “path”, and has been coined as the out of the Human Rights Court settlement. The problem is the Constitutional Court states that the alternative “path” as referred to in the Explanation of Article 47 of the Law on Human Rights Courts is contrary to the Constitution. As a result of the issuance of the Constitutional Court decision, the alternative “path” seems to be in a state of limbo, and this presupposes a legal issue of the lack of clarity on the meaning of a formulation of the applicable statutory provisions. In this paper, it is argued that Article 47 of the Law on Human Rights Courts still recognizes two “paths” for solving or settling cases of gross violations of human rights in the Pancasila legal system. The research method used in this paper is normative legal research, often known as the pure legal research method. It examined the primary legal materials. The theory used for understanding and explaining the problem is the Dignified Justice theory, the Indonesian Jurisprudence.

Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Konsumen Atas Kenaikan Harga Minyak Goreng Yang Dilakukan Oleh Pelaku Usaha Toko di Kecamatan Sabu Barat Kabupaten Sabu Raijua

The increase in cooking oil as a staple food is certainly detrimental to consumers, especially consumers from the lower middle class, after the problem of scarcity of cooking oil occurred in Indonesia and various policies to adjust the price of cooking oil carried out by the government, provide evidence that the urgency of the price of cooking oil has an impact on society. This research aims to find out and explain the causes of the increase in cooking oil prices carried out by shop entrepreneurs in West Sabu sub-district, Sabu Raijua Regency. The research method used is that this research is included in empirical legal research, namely a legal research method that attempts to see the law in a real sense or can be said to see, examine how law works in society, which then uses a research approach, a qualitative type of approach. The research results show that legal protection for consumers can be carried out by resolving disputes in court and outside of court. Every consumer who is harmed can sue business actors through institutions tasked with resolving disputes between consumers and business actors or through courts within the general court environment and the government also plays an important role in efforts to protect consumers legally. The form of consumer protection provided is by issuing laws and government regulations, where the implementation of statutory regulations is then carried out by supervising the implementation of these regulationsto be able to socialize it to the public and there is also a need for supervision carried out by the government on business actors.

Supervision of Goods Resulting from Trade With Non-Trade Online Deposit Business Activities (Permenkeu No. 96 of 2023)

This research is motivated by the fact that online deposit business activities have recently become more widespread in line with advances in information and telecommunications technology. These activities are generally regulated through Minister of Finance Regulation Number 96 of 2023 concerning Customs, Excise and Tax Provisions for the Import and Export of Consigned Goods. Minister of Finance Regulation Number 96 is actually a replacement for the Minister of Finance Regulation Number 199/ PMK.010/ 2019 concerning Customs, Excise and Tax Provisions for Imported Consigned Goods previously. Minister of Finance Regulation Number 96 of 2023 itself, is an important regulation relating to services or online deposit business. The legal research method used in this research is normative juridical research which is research carried out or aimed only at written regulations with the nature of descriptive analysis research which is a method that functions to describe or provide an overview of the object being studied. The data source used is secondary data with quantitative data analysis. The results of this research are the implementation of Minister of Finance Regulation No. 96 of 2023 concerning Customs, Excise and Tax Provisions for the Import and Export of Shipped Goods regarding online deposit business activities is more aimed at avoiding the legal mode in the form of illegal import practices. The impact of the policy of Minister of Finance Regulation Number 96 of 2023 means that Jastip UMKM players in the e-commerce sector must adapt to technological advances, including the form of sales and purchase agreements in jastip, as well as causing consumers to have to consider the value of the goods they order because it affects the tax that must be paid.

METHODOLOGY OF USING VIRTUAL ASSETS AS MEANS OF PAYMENT AT THE FIAT LEVEL: PROBLEMATIC ISSUES IN UKRAINE

The FinTech sector, as one of the dynamic parts of Ukraine's economic frontier, has not only withstood the challenges of one of the most difficult times of independence, but has also continued to develop despite all the difficulties of the difficult time, and often despite it. The purpose of the article is to study the legal framework and methodology for the use of virtual assets as a means of payment in Ukraine before and after the entry into force of the cryptocurrency- specific Law No. 2074. Methodology. Both general scientific and special legal research methods were used to achieve the purpose of the study. The scientific novelty is an attempt to provide a legal assessment of the existing methodology for conducting increasingly popular transactions with virtual assets through the acquiring mechanism, against the background of an almost non-existent legal framework for their regulation. Conclusions. In fact, there is a paradigm in Ukraine regarding the recognition of virtual assets as means of payment. On the one hand, formally, at the legislative level, there are no plans to recognize virtual assets as a means of payment after the entry into force of Law 2074. On the other hand, from a practical point of view, before the entry into force of Law 2074, virtual assets are increasingly accepted as a means of payment in Ukraine. Prior to the entry into force of Law 2074, banks and cryptocurrency exchanges must act as tax agents in acquiring transactions for the purpose of payment for services and goods. Amendments to the Tax Code of Ukraine for the entry into force of Law 2074 do not provide for withholding tax when paying income to an individual from transactions with virtual assets. This will not contribute to the timely and full payment of taxes to the budget. The widespread use of cryptocurrencies directly in payments for goods and services in Ukraine, without official acquiring operations, before the entry into force of Law 2074 may have certain negative tax consequences for business entities.

Kaidah Yang Terdapat Pada Bab Wali Nikah

Marriage is not only about forming a family which occurs because of the union of a man and a woman, but marriage is an inner and outer bond between a man and a woman as husband and wife with the aim of f0orming a happy and eternal family (household) based on the belief in the Almighty God. One of the most important things about marriage is the marriage guardian. This article aims to find out the theory regarding marriage guardians, the rules for marriage guardians, the arguments and origins of the rules, examples of rules and exceptions to the rules. By using juridical-normative legal research methods, this article will review this conflict. The research results show that there are rules that regulate that a marriage guardian should not be a Fudhulli.

Implementasi Awig-Awig Terhadap Krama Tamiu dan Tamiu dalam Hukum Adat Bali

This study aims to analyze the implementation and inhibiting factors in the implementation of awig-awig towards krama tamiu and tamiu. This study uses descriptive empirical legal research methods. Awig-awig in the Pedungan Traditional Village has been applied to krama tamiu and tamiu. The application of awig-awig to krama tamiu and tamiu is contained in Pawos 6 Awig-Awig of Pedungan Traditional Village which explains the recognition of krama tamiu and tamiu as part of the traditional village population which must comply with all applicable regulations. Inhibiting factors in the implementation of awig-awig towards krama tamiu and tamiu include the low level of understanding of krama tamiu and tamiu towards traditional village awig-awig, lack of socialization of awig-awig to the community, as well as village officials' lack of understanding of awig-awig which causes discrepancies in the implementation of village regulations.

Restoration of Children’s Rights after Imprisonment in the Perspective of State Responsibility

Sensitivity to a sense of justice and concern for the next generation of a nation should also be measured by their attention to efforts to protect the rights of troubled children, especially the rights of post-prison children. This research aims to examine the weaknesses of the regulation of children’s rights after imprisonment and to examine the state’s responsibility in restoring the rights of children after imprisonment. This research uses normative legal research methods with statutory and conceptual approaches. The results of the study show that, basically, the rights of children who are post-convicted, as previously mentioned, are regulated in the Child Protection System Law and generally regulated in the Child Protection Law. In an effort to fulfill human rights by the Indonesian State, it must be carried out thoroughly, including in terms of fulfilling children’s rights as part of human rights in general, and the fulfillment of children’s rights itself must be carried out for all children who live, grow and develop under the umbrella of Indonesian law, including children after being convicted. The regulation of children’s rights as stipulated in the Child Protection System Law and the Child Protection Law is not enough, so in addition to the need to explicitly emphasize the rights of children after being released from prison, it is also necessary to regulate the mechanism for restoring their rights after being released from prison.

CONSTRAINTS TO THE RIGHTS AND PROTECTION OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES IN NIGERIA

Persons with disabilities (PWDs) have been known to suffer various attitudinal and environmental barriers which hinder them from fully participating in their communities on equal terms with others. To address this predicament, Nigeria signed, ratified, and domesticated a number of global and regional instruments on disability rights, including the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) and its Optional Protocol. The essence of these instruments recognised by Nigeria are restatements of the centrality, inseparability, and correlation of all human rights and the necessity for PWDs to be assured of their full protection and enjoyment of fundamental liberties on an equal basis with others without prejudices. Unfortunately, discrimination and marginalisation against PWDs in Nigeria still persist. The crux of this article is to identify the constraints faced by PWDs in the pursuit of their guaranteed rights in Nigeria. This issue is vital because it is not enough for the Nigerian government to put in place normative framework endorsing the rights and protection of PWDs; such laws must indeed be implemented. The article adopted the normative legal research and analytical methods by examining various legal instruments on the protection of the rights of PWDs in Nigeria. The findings revealed that the inability of PWDs to access physical structures, social, economic, academic, and healthcare facilities are some of the constraints faced by PWDs. It is recommended, inter alia, that all laws and governmental policies must align with the endorsement of the rights and protection of PWDs and violators should be sanctioned appropriately.

The Legal Objectives of the EU Emissions Trading System: An Evaluation Framework

AbstractClimate policies are often evaluated using criteria that are heterogeneous and misaligned with the stated aims of these policies. By combining legal research methods with insights from economic theory, we systematically map and analyze the legal objectives of the European Union (EU) Emissions Trading System (ETS), a key climate policy instrument. We find that the EU ETS is shaped by a nuanced internal normative framework, the principal goal of which is emissions reduction, combined with three secondary goals of cost-effectiveness, economic efficiency and equity, and a meta-goal of coherence. Based on the contents and interrelations of these legal objectives, we formulate evaluation criteria that can be used to critically analyze and evaluate the EU ETS performance in a more comprehensive, transparent, and comparable manner. The resulting methodology is applicable to other environmental policies and jurisdictions.

Legal Review in Indonesia Positive Law Concerning Marijuana Use for Medical Purposes

The legalization of marijuana varies across countries, with some prohibiting its use while others are starting to legalize it for medical purposes. Despite its potential therapeutic benefits, marijuana use is often stigmatized due to concerns about addiction. In Indonesia, marijuana is classified as a Class I narcotic, prohibiting its use for medicinal purposes under Law Number 35 of 2009, which restricts access to medical marijuana and raises human rights issues for individuals seeking necessary treatments. This study aims to analyze the potential benefits of legalizing medical marijuana in Indonesia and propose regulatory changes that align with the evolving needs of society and human rights principles. The research method used is a normative legal research method, involving the analysis of legal documents, literature reviews, and interviews with experts in law and health to evaluate the impact of regulatory changes on medical marijuana use. The findings suggest that appropriate legal reforms can reduce stigma, ensure access to treatment, and uphold the right to health without the threat of criminal penalties. Therefore, revising narcotic laws to allow the use of marijuana for medical purposes with proper regulations is crucial to provide those in need of treatment the opportunity to access marijuana legally without fear of criminal punishment, and to help reduce the stigma associated with its use.

법학 연구 방법 이대로 좋은가?

Law is one of the social sciences and a field that citizens most frequently encounter in their daily lives. Despite this, legal research methods are primarily limited to literature reviews, and it is challenging to find quantitative research methods such as surveys that meticulously capture and reflect the thoughts, opinions, and intentions of the public. Legal scholars may believe that their thoughts and opinions sufficiently represent those of the public, but this can be considered intellectual arrogance. Since the overall thoughts and opinions of the public are constantly changing, laws must be created or interpreted based on frequent and comprehensive understanding of these changes. Only then will the public accept and respect the law. Of course, introducing surveys as a legal research method does not mean that all legal issues can be resolved solely based on survey results. Adjustments must be made considering the specialized theories of law and fairness with other issues. However, the current research methods that do not reflect the public's opinions at all must be improved. For this to happen, scholars and practitioners of law need to explain legal terms in simple and clear language so that the general public can understand them. Then, they should ask the public for their opinions on these explanations. Additionally, law must be approached and understood as a field accessible to everyone. The current research methods, which make law seem inaccessible to the general public through complex and difficult terminology and explanations, are both arrogant and inefficient. Legal research methods need to become more democratic and open. The public should be able to think and deliberate on legal issues so that the law can be democratic, reasonable, and truly authoritative. This way, the law can become more approachable, gaining trust and acceptance from the public. Moreover, the introduction of surveys in legal research goes beyond merely collecting public opinions; it can serve as a crucial means of developing law as a ‘science.’ Surveys systematically collect and analyze the opinions and experiences of various social groups, providing empirical evidence for legal research. This significantly contributes to enhancing the validity and acceptability of the law. Quantitative data obtained through surveys play a critical role in analyzing the correlations and causalities between social phenomena. These data, combined with advanced statistical techniques, can offer precise interpretations of social phenomena. For example, statistically analyzing the impact of a specific law after its enactment can evaluate the law's effectiveness. This approach goes beyond mere textual or theoretical analysis, enabling a concrete understanding of the law's role and impact through actual social outcomes. Even though law has normative characteristics, these norms must be based on reality, requiring the reflection of the public's actual thoughts and behaviors. Surveys allow legal scholars to verify abstract theories within concrete and realistic contexts. By collecting and analyzing diverse public opinions, legal research can yield more objective and reliable results. This process aids in making more reasonable and fair decisions during the enactment, amendment, interpretation, and application of laws. For instance, by investigating public perceptions of actions on the boundary between crime and non-crime, the alignment of legal norms with reality can be evaluated. Additionally, surveys are essential for understanding the various issues addressed by law within social and cultural contexts. By systematically collecting and analyzing public opinions, legal research can adopt a more comprehensive and multifaceted perspective. This enables the law to respond more sensitively to social changes and demands, enhancing its legitimacy and effectiveness. Consequently, surveys can play a vital role in developing law into a more scientific disci

Gender-Responsive Construction in Nikah-Kawin Traditions in West Java: A Qiwamah Perspective

Nikah-Kawin, a deeply rooted traditional marriage in West Java, has been passed down through generations in indigenous communities. This marriage differs from conventional marriage practices in several ways. In particular, women are given greater rights of choice, with some even taking on the responsibility of reciting the marriage vows. The article aimed to explore the gender-responsive construction in the nikah-kawin tradition of West Java communities through the concept of qiwamah. Using empirical legal research methods, this study utilizes primary data obtained from interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings reveal a gender-responsive construction shaped by the principles of qiwamah embedded in the nikah-kawin tradition of West Java communities. Interestingly, this constructed gender dynamic contributes to the formation of an egalitarian household environment. The presence of traditional guidelines upheld by these communities underscores their commitment to respecting and valuing women within the societal framework. This exploration highlighted how the uniqueness of nikah-kawin not only endures but also fosters a balanced and egalitarian approach to household life.

Integrated Waste Management Place and Environmental Pillar Sustainable Development Goals: Solution or Threat?

This article discusses the issue of the Kesiman Kertalangu Integrated Waste Management Site (TPST) which has an impact on the surrounding community because the smoke produced causes disruption to people's sense of smell and even threatens public health, but basically the community is not protesting regarding the existence of the TPST but rather the impact caused by its activities. This article uses a normative legal research method, by taking a statutory approach, then the data collected will be processed using a qualitative approach and explained descriptively. The Kesiman Kertalangu TPST violates the right to a clean and healthy environment as mandated by the constitution, UUPPLH and the Sustainable Development Goal's concept. It is hoped that the government's responsibility regarding the impacts that occur will refer to article 54 UUPPLH and 82 of the Job Creation Law, then the Kertalangu TPST must have an SDG concept, especially Village SDGs, guided by Village SDG number 3, environmental restoration efforts must be made based on UUPPLH and the Job Creation Law. and carrying out sustainable waste management based on SDG's principles as well as developing technology is very necessary in solving problems by comparing it with waste management in Singapore, namely processing smoke from combustion into electrical power and scarp metal which produces high economic value.

Transformation of the sanctity marriage amidst high divorce cases in Denpasar district court

The Marriage Law, which fundamentally aims to make divorce difficult, when confronted with the reality of a high divorce rate in the Denpasar District Court, indicates concerns about the erosion of the sanctity of marriage. This transformation of the sanctity of marriage towards an undesirable direction is undoubtedly worrisome. Stemming from this issue, the research aims to analyze the sanctity of marriage and the role of the judicial system in preserving the sanctity of marriage by preventing and complicating divorce. This research employs empirical legal research methods. The procedures involve collecting data consisting of factual or social phenomena and legal norms. Primary data collection includes observation to gather data on divorce cases, followed by interviews with informants who are judges at the Denpasar District Court and lawyers who have litigated at the same court. Additionally, a questionnaire was administered to 29 respondents through a focus group discussion. In addition to primary data, the study also collects secondary data derived from legal regulations and related literature. The collected data is then analyzed using qualitative techniques to provide sound arguments in analyzing the research issues. The research findings indicate that the sanctity of marriage originates from its validation based on religious and cultural customs. The bitter reality of the high number of divorce cases in the Denpasar District Court suggests a decline in the understanding of marriage sanctity. To optimize marital sanctity, three solutions are proposed in this study: maximizing the role of judges at the Denpasar District Court in earnestly preventing divorce in every session, reforming mediation regulations to make them mandatory without exceptions, and fostering societal efforts to understand the importance of preserving marital sanctity.