Exploratory Factor Analysis Method Research Articles

A Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling of Robotics Implementation for Sustainable Building Projects: A Case in Nigeria

Sustainability concepts should be adopted via new technologies to achieve the greatest possible gains without compromising the objectives of projects. In this research, we empirically investigated the influence of identified drivers on the implementation of robotics in the building sector of developing countries. To this end, with a view to sustainable building projects, the drivers of robotics were derived from the literature, which were subsequently contextually adjusted using a survey method through the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) method. The results of EFA revealed that the drivers of robotics can be classified into three primary constructs: technology, industry, and culture. However, the benefits of implementing robotics can be grouped into two primary constructs: resources and environment. Therefore, in this study, we employed partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to evaluate the connections amongst drivers and applications of robotics in Nigeria’s building industry. The results indicated that the input to the implementation of robotics in Nigeria’s building industry via the drivers of robotics has a considerable influence at a small scale, with an impact of 14.5%. The findings of this study can serve as a guide for policymakers looking to improve their projects and increase sustainability by using robotics in the building sector.

Development of the Pre-Service Teachers’ Mathematics Identity Instrument (P-STMI)

Background: The urgency of knowledge of mathematical identity is one of the reasons for increasing numbers of research on mathematical identity. Knowing pre-service mathematics teachers' mathematical identity becomes essential and needs to be done using valid mathematical identity instruments. Mathematical identity instruments can reveal one's mathematical identity, contributing to learning and teaching mathematics. However, mathematical identity instruments have not been widely developed, especially for pre-service mathematics teachers. Objectives : This research aims to develop valid and reliable mathematical identity instruments for pre-service mathematics teachers. Design : This research used scale-development research using the DeVellis model. Setting and Participants : 196 pre-service mathematics teachers from 7 universities in Indonesia were involved in piloting test. Data collection and analysis : The questionnaire instrument was distributed via google form and analyzed for content validity, construct validity, and reliability. The data analysis used the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) method to test the construct validity. Results : The Pre-Service Teachers' Mathematics Identity Instrument (P-STMI) contains 18 closed questions with five components. In addition, the instrument meets the criteria for content validity with a range between 0.79-1.00, meets construct validity, and the overall reliability value is 0.91. Conclusions : The P-STMI satisfies content validity, construct validity, and reliability. Therefore, the P-STMI is valid and reliable and can be used to see the mathematical identity of pre-service mathematics teachers.

Determination of Factors Affecting the Study Decision of Students at University of Education, Vietnam National University Hanoi

This research aims to determine and evaluate factors influencing the choice of university of students at University of Education, Vietnam National University, Hanoi (UEd, VNU). In this study, the author used exploratory factor analysis and linear regression methods with survey data of 316 freshmen who are currently studying at the UEd, VNU. The results indicated four important factors affecting students' decision to choose a university, which are 1) quality factor; 2) brand/employment factor; 3) information-promotion factor; 4) consultation factor. The findings of the research provided reference for UEd, VNU to develop appropriate enrollment plans and strategies and improve its effectiveness in the coming time.

Financial Literacy on Millenial Entrepeneurs during Pandemic Covid-19

As one of the drivers of economic success and societal welfare in Indonesia, financial literacy is a must for young entrepreneurs today. The study attemps to evaluate Millenial entrepreneurs financial literacy and financial well-being conditions while several PPKM (Restrictions on Community Activities) during Pandemic Covid-19 are in effect. Between mid-October 2021 and early January 2022, the survey used 100 young entrepreneurs aged 21-40 in West Java Province, Indonesia as samples. The hypotheses testing results from Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Structural Equation Model (SEM) methods show a consistent association between the main components of financial literacy with the level of financial well-being, with insurance and personal savings and loans becoming the dominant predictor affected financial knowledge, followed with security that serves as main determinant that affected the level of financial attitude of these millenial entrepreneurs. However, this study has limitation as the sample and number of experimental parameters are small.

Perception of Corporate Reputation in the Era of Digitization: Case Study of Online Shopping Behavior on Young Consumers

The COVID-19 pandemic rapidly accelerated digitization in all fields of trading, especially in the B2C sector. The pandemic restrictions deepened the era of social distancing between young consumers and drew them further into the online environment, which allowed e-merchants to impress them even more, and with more ease, with the use of suitable online marketing communication. The overabundance of e-shops on the market may be very confusing for the consumer at this time, meaning that the corporate online reputation and its sustainability has never been as important as it is now. The investigation of online shopping consumer behavior and the factors that determine it is at the center of interest in both academic and practical spheres. In our study, we focused in more detail on investigating the relationship between the online shopping consumer behavior of young consumers and the perceived reputation of an e-shop in the era of digitization. The research sample consisted of 633 young consumer respondents. The method of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used in order to investigate the factors of online shopping consumer behavior, and the method of Ordinary Least Squared (OLS) model regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationships between individual factors and the perceived reputation of an e-shop. According to the results of EFA, four factors were identified: digital security, e-shop services, e-trust, and social responsibility and promotion. Subsequent testing confirmed the significant relationship between factors of online shopping consumer behavior and the perceived reputation of an e-shop in five cases.

A PSYCHOMETRICALLY ROBUST LONGITUDINAL RESEARCH MEASURE OF FRAILTY: FIVE DIMENSIONS ACROSS AGE AND TIME

Abstract The research construct of frailty in aging requires a measure with sound psychometric properties, that is stable across longitudinal points of observation. Using Exploratory Factor Analysis and Longitudinal Mixed Methods, we developed a five-factor research measures of frailty that is robust across time. Standardized regression scores for each factor allow us to estimate the change in severity of dysfunction as individuals age. We propose a system for developing research tools for the concept of frailty in large longitudinal data sets, and present our findings of five factors of frailty for females and males from the English Longitudinal Study on Ageing.

Vietnam’s exports in the period of 2012-2020: Combining exploratory factor analysis method in regression models for panel data

2020 was a year when international trade activities are not favourable. However, Vietnam still ranked in the group of countries with the highest growth in the world. And prominent in that economic picture is Vietnam’s export activities. Therefore, it is really urgent to find suitable solutions to help export continuously maintain its role as the key engine of growth in the context of increasingly complex disease developments. To assess the impact of the epidemic and some macro factors on export activities, this study used regression models for panel data with latent variables to measure main factors: supply, demand, motivation, and barriers to Vietnam’s export activities in the period 2012-2020 through exploratory factor analysis method. The obtained results have shown the effectiveness of combining the factor analysis method in estimating regression models by the ordinary least square (OLS) method, especially in the context of big data, along with the rapid increase in the dimension of the observed variables.

Psychometric Properties of the English and Malay Version of the Adapted Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale.

The study examines the psychometric properties of the adapted Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale (A-SEIS) with 200 undergraduate students at the Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). Upon the permission, the researchers adapted the original instrument, SEIS by incorporating a new construct which is understanding of emotions and some ability-based items into the perceived emotions construct. The A-SEIS is a mixed (trait and ability) measure EI instrument that aims at assessing four important dimensions of EI, including perception of emotions, utilization of emotions, understanding of emotions, and management of emotions. The study investigated the content validity of the A-SEIS by using the content validity indexing (CVI). Three expert panels translated and back-translated the A-SEIS and rated the degree of relevance of every item based on the four-point scale provided in the content validation form. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) methods were used to explore the underlying structure of the A-SEIS. The general validity testing of the adapted instrument was carried out in the framework of the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach by applying two iterations of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the first approach is the covariance-based SEM (CB-SEM) approach, followed by the partial least squares based SEM (PLS-SEM) using two different software: AMOS and smartPLS. Research findings concluded that the instrument is reliable and valid to be applied in tertiary education settings and future research.

The localization and improvement of the Functional Status Scale and the reliability and validity in very low birth weight infants.

To develop a Chinese version of Functional Status Scale (FSS) and to test its reliability and validity in very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs). The FSS was translated into Chinese and the content was modified in accordance with relevant guidelines and specifications. The Chinese version of FSS was applied to evaluate VLBWIs admitted from January 2018 to June 2020 at 7th day after birth and 34 weeks of postmenstrual age, respectively. The scores were analyzed by descriptive statistics (coefficient of variation method, critical ratio method and answer distribution analysis method), and the reliability and the validity were analyzed. The internal consistency reliability was analyzed using Cronbach's α coefficient, the inter rater reliability was analyzed using Spearman correlation coefficient. The content validity was analyzed using correlation coefficient method and expert scoring method; the structural validity was analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis method; the known group validity was analyzed using area under the curve (AUC) value and Pearson correlation coefficient. The preliminary response of the initial and re-evaluation scales was calculated. After screening by inclusion and exclusion criteria, 548 and 523 VLBWIs were included for initial evaluation and re-evaluation, respectively. Descriptive statistics showed that the mean was close to the median, the maximum and minimum values were close to or equal to the values at both ends, and the coefficient of variation was >0.15. The critical ratio method showed that the | t| value of all items in the initial evaluation and re-evaluation was >3 ( P<0.01). The answer distribution analysis method showed that the answer selection rate of different levels of each item was <80%. Internal consistency test showed that the general Cronbach's α was 0.803 and the re-evaluation Cronbach's α was 0.708, with a good internal consistency. According to the inter-rater reliability, the Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.968 in the initial evaluation and 0.989 in the re-evaluation ( P<0.01). The correlation coefficient of the items in the scale by the correlation coefficient method was more than 0.4. The item-level content validity index (I-CVI) was greater than 0.78, universal agreement of scale of content validity index was 0.83, the average of scale of content validity index was 0.97 and the Kappa was greater than 0.74. Exploratory factor analysis showed that the initial Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value was 0.846, the re-evaluated KMO value was 0.843 ( P<0.01). There was one factor with extracted eigenvalue>1, which could explain 54.221% and 53.403% of the total variation respectively, suggesting that there was a common factor in the initial evaluation and re-evaluation scales, which was consistent with the original scale design. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the items in the initial and re-evaluation were significant ( P<0.01), and the value of standard load coefficient was greater than 0.5. The known group validity showed that FSS had a good predictive and discriminative ability for short-term outcomes. The items of mental status, motor function, sensory and communication in the re-evaluation scale had a good correlation with gross motor and fine motor energy areas in Gesell developmental schedule. The Pearson correlation coefficient between initial evaluation and re-evaluation was 0.609 ( P<0.01). The Chinese version FSS scale has good reliability and validity, the included items are simple and easy to be applied in clinical practice.

Construct Validity of Emotional Intelligence Scale for Sports Students

Emotional intelligence measurement is a potentially important construct and has become one of the most exciting issues in psychological research. This study aimed to test the construct validity of the emotional intelligence scale developed for sports students. The research employed a quantitative approach using a survey method. Participants involved in this study were 280 active sports students. Data were collected through an emotional intelligence scale and analyzed using factor analysis, namely exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) methods on Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using AMOS 22 software. The fit index test model was based on three categories: absolute fit indices, incremental fit indices, and parsimony fit indices. It indicates that the scale met the valid and reliable criteria for measuring the emotional intelligence of sports students. There were 27 question items declared valid, meaning that all of these items measured the five components, including 14 indicators constructed according to the Bar-on conceptual model.

Factors Affecting the Ability of Local People to Participate in Community-Based Tourism in the Non Nuoc Cao Bang UNESCO Global Geopark Viet Nam

Cao Bang province has great potential for tourism development in general and community tourism in particular thanks to its wealth of geological, geomorphological, biodiversity, environmental and cultural heritages. unique culture and humanity. Since UNESCO recognized Non Nuoc Cao Bang Global Geopark in 2018, tourism in the province has made great progress. However, CBT here has not yet developed strongly due to many barriers. Summarizing the opinions of 250 people from 06 CBT villages in the province and the comments of the Standing Committee of 6 Commune People's Committees with CBT villages will see the factors affecting the decision to participate in CBT development of households. indigenous people. Using exploratory factor analysis and multivariate regression methods with interview information from 250 people, it shows the influencing factors and their importance in influencing the decision to participate. CBT of households. In descending order of importance, these factors are arranged in the following order: economic benefits of households when participating in CBT, support policies of local authorities, support from businesses and non-governmental organizations government, local resources, social capital and the conditions of natural, material, financial, and labor resources of households. Impacting on these influencing factors is the solution to promote CBT in the province.

Construction and inspection of competency characteristic model of Marine PE teachers in Colleges and universities- -Take Shandong Jiaotong University as an example

After China implemented the strategy of "maritime power" strategy, maritime sports have achieved great development. The teaching and organization ability of navigation and sports teachers attracts the attention of the general society. The paper constructs the competency characteristic model of Marine physical education teachers through behavioral event interview method, Delphi method, exploratory factor analysis method and validation factor analysis method, and conducts the validation factor analysis in the later stage. The results show that the Marine PE teachers' competency characteristic model consists of six factors, namely cognition, management, motivation, interpersonal communication, self-improvement and professional quality. The total interpretation rate is 92.284%, effectively explaining the competency characteristics of the Marine PE teachers. This research can provide theoretical guidance and practical basis for the development of Marine physical education teachers, and lay an important foundation for the ability improvement of Marine physical education teachers.

Construction and inspection of competency characteristic model of Marine PE teachers in Colleges and universities- -Take Shandong Jiaotong University as an example

After China implemented the strategy of "maritime power" strategy, maritime sports have achieved great development. The teaching and organization ability of navigation and sports teachers attracts the attention of the general society. The paper constructs the competency characteristic model of Marine physical education teachers through behavioral event interview method, Delphi method, exploratory factor analysis method and validation factor analysis method, and conducts the validation factor analysis in the later stage. The results show that the Marine PE teachers' competency characteristic model consists of six factors, namely cognition, management, motivation, interpersonal communication, self-improvement and professional quality. The total interpretation rate is 92.284%, effectively explaining the competency characteristics of the Marine PE teachers. This research can provide theoretical guidance and practical basis for the development of Marine physical education teachers, and lay an important foundation for the ability improvement of Marine physical education teachers.

Islamic Business Ethics as Customer Retention Factors in Islamic Bank: an Exploratory Factor Analysis

This study aims to explore the factors of Rasullah commendable qualities as partial variable in order to be able to test or examine that has been practiced by Islamic Bank employee at Ponorogo East Java Indonesia. Using 128 of respondents the data analyze quantitively. Data collected from respondent thorugh questionnaire responded on five point Likert scale. The data then analyzed employed Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) method using Varimax rotation, which reduced the data into several factors. The findings of this study indicates that commendable qualities of the Prophet Muhammad as business ethics indicators is emerged in 3 factors namely, siddiq, fathana, and tabligh, that probably would affect on costumer retention. Therefore, it is necessary future research to investigate the relationship 3 factors of commendable qualities of the Prophet Muhammad S.A.W. and customer retention in Islamic Bank especially in Ponorogo.

Proposal and validation of a financial protection perception scale

AbstractThis article proposes and validates a financial protection perception scale (FPPS) from the perspective of the financial services consumer. The scale was applied to a sample of 1137 individuals residing in Brazil and validated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and standard multivariate validation methods. The FPPS, composed of 14 items, allows the development of an indicator that defines the level of protection perceived by the consumer of financial services, evaluated along the dimensions of transparency, suitability, security, and complaints. The tests and fit indices indicated the reliability and validity of the FPPS. With this scale, researchers, managers, and policymakers can assess the extent to which consumers feel protected when using financial services.

A Model to Transfer Technology and Technical Knowledge in Auto Parts Manufacturers

Background: Regarding the high demands of auto parts manufacturers to utilize new technologies to develop and grow competitiveness and produce products in the market, there is an urgent need for successful technology transfer to the company. In this regard, a suitable model for appropriate transfer of technology and technical knowledge is required to succeed and be effective in order to facilitate the maximum adaptation between the demand and operational dimensions in this industry.&#x0D; Objective: In this study, a model was proposed to evaluate the success of technology and technical knowledge transfer in auto parts manufacturers.&#x0D; Method: To this end, the factors affecting the success of technology transfer were first collected according to previous studies, and then an exploratory factor analysis questionnaire was developed to classify and screen these factors in the form of a conceptual model.&#x0D; Results: In the study, 361 personnel and experts from auto parts manufacturers participated, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient &gt;0.7 was set to measure the reliability of the questionnaires. Finally, exploratory factor analysis method was used to develop the model. Afterward, according to the proposed model, a confirmatory factor analysis questionnaire was prepared and filled in by the same statistical population, who were working in auto parts manufacturers. After examining the normality of the sample and the reliability of the questionnaire, structural equations were designed in the form of confirmation structures for the model. Exploratory factor analysis was also used to confirm and test the model.&#x0D; Conclusion: The findings indicated that organizational index, adaptability, and technology utilization and absorption had the greatest impacts on the success of technology transfer, respectively.

The effect of change leadership on employees’ readiness to change: the mediating role of organizational culture

The purpose of this study was to look into the impact of change leadership on employee readiness to change in a few public organizations in Ethiopia's Amhara national regional state. The study's population consists of 2546 employees from eight public organizations that had begun implementing various change initiatives. Quantitative survey method was applied to conduct this study. A total of 514 employees were chosen for the survey using a simple random sampling technique. The measurement instruments' reliability and validity were tested using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis methods. The data were analyzed, and the hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling method. Change leadership and organizational culture, as well as organizational culture and employee readiness to change, were found to have a significant relationship. However, change leadership has no direct effect on employees' readiness to change, and organizational culture does not affect the relationship between change leadership and employee readiness to change. The study will add knowledge and provide a base for future research.

Factors Affecting the Learning Attitude of Natural and Social Subjects of Primary School Students in Vietnam

Nature and Society are compulsory subjects in the primary education curriculum in Vietnam. However, this subject has not really attracted the attention and investment of the lecturers and the learners are not really interested in it. This study explores the factors affecting the learning attitude towards the subject of Nature and Society of primary school students in Vietnam. An exploratory factor analysis method was used, with 19 questions designed and sent to primary school students through social channels and with the help of parents. Based on survey results from 101 students and data analyzed through SPSS software, the results of exploratory factor analysis identified four main factors affecting learning attitudes towards the subject of Nature and Society of Vietnamese Primary School Students: Factor 1 - Teacher's pedagogical skills (50.056%); factor 2 - Parental influence (8.799%), factor 3 - the influence of classmates (6,724%) and factor 4 - the belief and interest of learners (5,329%). The results of this study can become a source of reference for other researchers, and also suggest educators in proposing pedagogical measures in teaching subjects with high efficiency.

Structural variable validation of an Online Learning Response Behavior (OLRB) instrument: A comparison analysis of three extraction methods of Exploratory Factor Analysis

PurposeMeasuring internal response of online learning is seen as fundamental to absorptive capacity which stimulates knowledge assimilation. However, the evaluation of practice and research of validated instruments that could effectively measure online learning response behavior is limited. Thus, in this study, a new instrument was designed based on literature to determine the structural variables that exist in the online learning response behavior.Design/methodology/approachA structured survey was designed and distributed to 410 Malaysian students enrolled in higher-education institutions. The questionnaire has 38 items, all of which were scored using a seven-point likert scale. To begin with, exploratory factor analysis with three types of extraction methods (i.e. principal component, principal axis factoring and maximum likelihood) was used as the method for comparing the outcomes of each extraction method's grouping variables by constantly using a varimax rotation method. In the second phase, reliability analysis was performed to determine the reliability level of the grouping variables, and finally, correlation analysis was performed to determine the discriminant nomological validity of the grouping variables.FindingsThe findings revealed that nine grouping variables were retrieved, with all items having a good value of factor loading and communalities, as well as an adequate degree of reliability. These extracted variables have good discriminant and nomological validity, as evidenced by correlation analysis, which confirmed that the directions of relationships among the extracted dimensions follow the expected theory (i.e. positive direction) and the correlation coefficient is less than 0.70.Research limitations/implicationsThis study proposes a comprehensive set of questionnaires that measure the student's online learning response behavior. These questionnaires have been developed on the basis of an extensive literature review and have undergone a rigorous process of validity and reliability for the purpose of enhancing students' online learning response behavior.Originality/valueThis study's findings will aid academic practitioners in assessing the online learning response behavior of students, as well as enhancing the questionnaire's boost factor when administered in an online learning environment.

Determinants of Problem-Solving Skills in Natural and Social Subjects of Primary School Students in Vietnam

One of the important skills of the 21st century is problem solving. This is an important skill in the group of thinking skills and it is indispensable in the life of every human being in the world. In education, problem-solving skills are also one of the necessary and important skills to form and develop for students. The purpose of this study is to explore the factors affecting the problem-solving skills in natural and social subject of primary school students in Vietnam. The exploratory factor analysis method was used to determine the factors and processed data through SPSS software. Research results from 250 primary school students (grades 1 to 3) from different regions living in Vietnam have shown 7 main factors affecting problem-solving capacity through the natural and social subject of primary school students including: student trust and effort; attitude towards the subject; teaching skills of teachers; concentration; perseverance; the need to communicate with the surroundings, and the motivation for academic achievement. This research result provides more theoretical basis for education researchers, from which to have teaching strategies to develop problem-solving capacity for students.