Early Diagnostic Methods Research Articles

The study of Alzheimer's disease risk diagnosis based on natural killer cell marker genes in the multi-omics data.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder, currently lacking effective early diagnostic methods. However, natural killer (NK) cells may play a potential role in AD pathogenesis. This study aims to identify AD-related feature genes from NK cell markers to construct a diagnostic model and explore their potential biological mechanisms in AD. Single-cell RNA sequencing data was used to identify NK cell markers. A novel feature selection algorithm, adaptive dynamic graph convolutional network (ADGCN), was proposed to extract AD-related feature genes and construct a diagnostic model. Differential, correlation and enrichment analyses were performed to understand the biological mechanisms of these genes. Immune infiltration analysis compared the immune microenvironment between AD and controls. Two regulatory networks explored interactions between feature genes, transcription factors and microRNAs. The association between SNPs and feature genes' expression was examined through expression quantitative trait loci analysis. Differential CpG sites were identified to analyze their association with the NK cell markers' expression. We developed an optimal diagnostic model (ADGCN-XGBoost) with 17 feature genes, demonstrating high diagnostic effectiveness across datasets. These genes were primarily related to macromolecule biosynthesis, cytoplasmic translation biological processes and ribosome pathway, and potentially modulated immune infiltration of AD patients. We predicted 27 target miRNAs and 21 transcription factors influencing these genes. Multimodal analysis identified 57 significant SNP-gene associations and seven CpG-gene pairs. This study proposed a novel feature selection algorithm and developed a diagnostic model based on 17 feature genes, providing new potential biomarkers for AD diagnosis.

The Presentation, Clinical Diagnosis, Risk Factors, and Management of Rapidly Progressive Hip Osteoarthritis: A Narrative Literature Review.

Rapidly progressive hip osteoarthritis (RPOH) is a rare and severe form of osteoarthritis (OA), marked by the rapid degeneration and destruction of the femoral head, often within months. Despite its unclear etiology, several factors such as subchondral fractures and immune responses have been proposed as possible contributors. This narrative review aims to synthesize current knowledge on the pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical presentation, imaging features, and grading systems of RPOH. Predominantly affecting elderly females, RPOH presents distinctive challenges in both diagnosis and management due to its abrupt onset and severity. Known risk factors include advanced age, female gender, obesity, intra-articular corticosteroids use, and long-term hemodialysis. Clinically, RPOH is characterized by severe pain during active weight-bearing movements, despite patients presenting a normal range of motion during passive examination in the early stages. While several classification systems exist, there is no universal standard, complicating differential diagnosis and clinical approaches. This review emphasizes the necessity for early diagnostic methods utilizing specific biomarkers, rapid differential diagnosis, and targeted, personalized interventions based on individual risk factors.

The Romanian Translation and Cultural Adaptation of the Early Arthritis for Psoriatic Patients (EARP) Questionnaire, Psoriasis Epidemiology Screening Tool (PEST), and Toronto Psoriatic Arthritis Screen 2 (ToPAS 2).

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory condition mediated by the immune system with various manifestations. The increased prevalence of subclinical joint involvement has led to the development of early diagnostic methods for psoriatic arthritis, including several instruments that have been validated and used in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to perform the Romanian translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of three assessment tools: the Early Arthritis for Psoriatic Patients (EARP) Questionnaire, Psoriasis Epidemiology Screening Tool (PEST), and Toronto Psoriatic Arthritis Screen 2 (TOPAS 2), which are designed to evaluate early-stage arthritis in patients with psoriasis. All the activities were carried out in accordance with the internationally recognized methodology recommended by the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcome Research (ISPOR), the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) regarding the translation process and the validation of instruments, and data from the international literature. These three questionnaires were administered to 29 patients with psoriasis diagnosed by biopsy. A descriptive study was conducted and the data were analyzed with appropriate statistical tests using the PSPP program. A reliability test was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The obtained values were significant for the first two questionnaires, with a value of 0.89 for the EARP and 0.63 for the PEST, but the value was not as significant for ToPAS2, at 0.40. This pilot study revealed that the Romanian and original versions of the three questionnaires are similar.

DEVELOPMENT AND DATA ANALYSIS OF A ROBO-PEN FOR ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE DIAGNOSIS: PRELIMINARY RESULTS

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) poses a significant challenge in contemporary medicine, necessitating early and accurate diagnostic methods to manage its progression effectively. This study explores the development and application of the Robo-pen, an innovative diagnostic tool designed to detect early signs of cognitive decline through detailed handwriting analysis. The Robo-pen, equipped with an MPU-9250 sensor, captures three-dimensional coordinates, velocity, and acceleration of handwriting movements, crucial for assessing spatial control, movement consistency, speed variations, and the ability to modulate movement speed and force–parameters often disrupted in cognitive impairments like AD. Participants included 20 patients diagnosed with AD and 18 healthy controls, matched in age and educational levels. Data collection involved tasks such as sentence rewriting, figure redrawing, and digit rewriting, processed using CoolTerm software at a sampling rate of 18 Hz. Descriptive statistics revealed that the AD group exhibited lower mean values for gyroscope and acceleration data, indicating slower and less variable movements compared to the control group. T-tests confirmed significant differences (p < 0.001) across all measured parameters between the AD and control groups. The results support the potential of the Robo-pen as a non-invasive, cost-effective diagnostic tool for early detection of AD. By capturing subtle neuromotor changes, the Robo-pen facilitates earlier diagnosis and timely intervention, potentially altering the disease trajectory and improving patient outcomes. This study marks a significant advancement in the early detection of AD, highlighting the Robo-pen’s promise as a transformative tool in neurodegenerative disease diagnosis and management.

Long non‑coding RNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for colorectal cancer (Review).

Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the 3rd most common cancer globally and is the 2nd leading cause of cancer-related death. Owing to the lack of specific early symptoms and the limitations of existing early diagnostic methods, most patients with CRC are diagnosed at advanced stages. To overcome these challenges, researchers have increasingly focused on molecular biomarkers, with particular interest in long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). These non-protein-coding RNAs, which exceed 200 nucleotides in length, play critical roles in the development and progression of CRC. The stability and detectability of lncRNAs in the circulatory system make them promising candidate biomarkers. The analysis of circulating lncRNAs in peripheral blood represents a potential option for minimally invasive diagnostic tests based on liquid biopsy samples. The present review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of lncRNAs with altered expression levels in peripheral blood as diagnostic markers for CRC. Additionally, the clinical significance of lncRNAs as prognostic markers for this disease were summarized.

Early diagnosis of Cladosporium fulvum in greenhouse tomato plants based on visible/near-infrared (VIS/NIR) and near-infrared (NIR) data fusion

Plant diseases can inflict varying degrees of damage on agricultural production. Therefore, identifying a rapid, non-destructive early diagnostic method is crucial for safeguarding plants. Cladosporium fulvum (C. fulvum) is one of the major diseases in tomato growth. This work presents a method of data fusion using two hyperspectral imaging systems of visible/near-infrared (VIS/NIR) and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for the early diagnosis of C. fulvum in greenhouse tomatoes. First, hyperspectral images of samples at health and different times of infection were collected. The average spectral data of the image regions of interest were extracted and preprocessed for subsequent spectral datasets. Then different classification models were established for VIS/NIR and NIR data, optimized through various variable selection and data fusion methods. The principal component analysis-radial basis function neural network (PCA-RBF) model established using low-level data fusion achieved optimal results, achieving accuracies of 100% and 99.3% for calibration and prediction, respectively. Moreover, both the macro-averaged F1 (Macro-F1) values reached 1, and the geometric mean (G-mean) values reached 1 and 1, respectively. The results indicated that it was feasible to establish a PCA-RBF model by using the hyperspectral technique with low-level data fusion for the early detection of C. fulvum in greenhouse tomatoes.

Construction of a sequence activated fluorescence probe for simultaneous detection of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and peroxynitrite in acute kidney injury

Acute kidney injury (AKI) can result in a sudden decline in kidney function and, if not promptly diagnosed and treated, can lead to a high mortality rate. Therefore, there is a critical need for the development of a non-invasive and dependable early diagnostic method for AKI to prevent its progression and deterioration. To address the risk of misdiagnosis or overlooked diagnosis due to reliance on a single biomarker, we developed a novel molecular fluorescent probe (HX-GP) to simultaneously detect and image two biomarkers, γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GGT) and Peroxynitrite (ONOO−), in the AKI process. HX-GP can specifically detect γ-GGT in the red fluorescence channel (λem = 613 nm) and ONOO− in the green fluorescence channel (λem = 518 nm). HX-GP demonstrated high sensitivity, selectivity, and rapid response, showing excellent biocompatibility and detection performance. In addition, HX-GP was successful in imaging experiments in a cell model of cisplatin-induced AKI, a result that highlights its potential application value in early diagnosis of AKI.

Microbial Matryoshka: Addressing the Relationship between Pathogenic Flagellated Protozoans and Their RNA Viral Endosymbionts (Family Totiviridae).

Three genera of viruses of the family Totiviridae establish endosymbiotic associations with flagellated protozoa responsible for parasitic diseases of great impact in the context of One Health. Giardiavirus, Trichomonasvirus, and Leishmaniavirus infect the protozoa Giardia sp., Trichomonas vaginalis, and Leishmania sp., respectively. In the present work, we review the characteristics of the endosymbiotic relationships established, the advantages, and the consequences caused in mammalian hosts. Among the common characteristics of these double-stranded RNA viruses are that they do not integrate into the host genome, do not follow a lytic cycle, and do not cause cytopathic effects. However, in cases of endosymbiosis between Leishmaniavirus and Leishmania species from the Americas, and between Trichomonasvirus and Trichomonas vaginalis, it seems that it can alter their virulence (degree of pathogenicity). In a mammalian host, due to TLR3 activation of immune cells upon the recognition of viral RNA, uncontrolled inflammatory signaling responses are triggered, increasing pathological damage and the risk of failure of conventional standard treatment. Endosymbiosis with Giardiavirus can cause the loss of intestinal adherence of the protozoan, resulting in a benign disease. The current knowledge about viruses infecting flagellated protozoans is still fragmentary, and more research is required to unravel the intricacies of this three-way relationship. We need to develop early and effective diagnostic methods for further development in the field of translational medicine. Taking advantage of promising biotechnological advances, the aim is to develop ad hoc therapeutic strategies that focus not only on the disease-causing protozoan but also on the virus.

Association between the serum uric acid/serum creatinine ratio and cognitive function in older adults: NHANES in the United States

Cognitive impairment can potentially become a significant health concern in older adults. However, early effective diagnostic methods are still lacking. Therefore, we utilized the NHANES database in the US to investigate the relationship between serum uric acid to serum creatinine (SUA/SCR) ratio and cognitive impairment. In our study, a total of 3874 participants were included (2001–2002, 2011–2014). Weighted t tests or chi-square tests were utilized to analyze the basic characteristics of the population. Weighted logistic regression analysis, smooth-fit curves, threshold effects, and subgroup analysis were conducted to investigate the correlation between the SUA/SCR and cognitive impairment. In this study, the SUA/SCR was significantly lower in individuals with cognitive impairment. The logistic regression model, after adjusting for all covariates, revealed that the Q2–Q4 were 0.65 (95% CI 0.49, 0.86), 0.60 (95% CI 0.40, 0.90), 0.55 (95% CI 0.39, 0.77) respectively. This indicates that participants in the Q4 had a 45% reduced risk of cognitive impairment. Smooth-fit curves and threshold effect analysis revealed a nonlinear relationship between SUA/SCR and cognitive impairment, with a turning point at 4.13. Subgroup analysis showed no statistically significant differences in the relationship between SUA/SCR and cognitive impairment among different subgroups (P > 0.05). Our findings indicate a negative correlation between the SUA/SCR and the risk of cognitive impairment in the population of adults aged 60 and above in the US. This suggests that the SUA/SCR holds promise as a potential indicator for cognitive impairment.

Two-point Compression POCUS sebagai Metode Diagnosis Dini Trombosis Vena Dalam Proksimal

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), especially in the proximal part of the lower extremity, might progress to pulmonary embolism and be fatal. Therefore, it is crucial to prompt the diagnosis of DVT in the emergency room (ER). Due to its efficiency and patient convenience, duplex ultrasound has become the preferred diagnostic method for DVT. Point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) was known as a simpler and faster way to use ultrasonography at the bedside. The two-point compression method has become frequently used due to its ability to take less time for examination, yet there are still concerns about its accuracy. This study was conducted to find out whether two-point compression POCUS can be used as an early diagnostic method for proximal DVT. The literature search was carried out in the databases PUBMED, EMBASE, and SCOPUS on March 29, 2023, using keywords “Deep Vein Thrombosis”, “two-point compression POCUS”, and “diagnosis”. Four publications were chosen from the search results. One cross-sectional study was found to have a low validity value because POCUS and Doppler ultrasound operators were not blinded, and the reference test was only performed on positive DVT results on POCUS. All studies had high sensitivity and specificity (>90%) compared to the reference test, except for one cross-sectional study in critical patients in ICU, which had a 63% sensitivity value. In conclusion, the two-point compression POCUS method can be utilized as an early diagnostic method for proximal DVT, with the disclaimer that POCUS operators should get curriculum-based training before doing the examination.

Dual-reporter fluorescent probe for precise identification of liver cancer by sequentially responding to carboxylesterase and polarity

Early treatment significantly improves the survival rate of liver cancer patients, so the development of early diagnostic methods for liver cancer is urgent. Liver cancer can develop from viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver, and fatty liver, thus making the above diseases share common features such as elevated viscosity, reactive oxygen species, and reactive nitrogen species. Therefore, accurate differentiation between other liver diseases and liver cancer is both a paramount practical need and challenging. Numerous fluorescent probes have been reported for the diagnosis of liver cancer by detecting a single biomarker, but these probes lack specificity for liver cancer in complex biological systems. Obviously, using multiple liver cancer biomarkers as the basis for judgment can dramatically improve diagnostic accuracy. Herein, we report the first fluorescent probe, LD-TCE, that sequentially detects carboxylesterase (CE) and lipid droplet polarity in liver cancer cells with high sensitivity and selectivity, with linear detection of CE in the range of 0–6 U/mL and a 65-fold fluorescence enhancement in response to polarity. The probe first reacts with CE and releases weak fluorescence, which is then dramatically enhanced due to the decrease in lipid droplet polarity in liver cancer cells. This approach allows the probe to enable specific imaging of liver cancer with higher contrast and accuracy. The probe successfully achieved the screening of liver cancer cells and the precise identification of liver cancer in mice. More importantly, it is not disturbed by liver fibrosis, which is a common pathological feature of many liver diseases. We believe that the LD-TCE is expected to be a powerful tool for early diagnosis of liver cancer.

Brain abscess caused by Streptococcus anginosus group: Three case reports

BACKGROUND This case series investigated the clinical manifestations, diagnoses, and treatment of cerebral abscesses caused by Streptococcus anginosus . We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics and outcomes of three cases of cerebral abscesses caused by Streptococcus anginosus and conducted a comprehensive review of relevant literature. CASE SUMMARY Case 1 presented with a history of left otitis media and exhibited high fever, confusion, and vomiting as primary symptoms. Postoperative pus culture indicated a brain abscess caused by Streptococcus constellatus infection. Case 2 experienced dizziness for two days as the primary symptom. Postoperative pus culture suggested an intermediate streptococcal brain abscess. Case 3: Enhanced head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging revealed occupancy of the left temporal lobe, initially suspected to be a metastatic tumor. However, a postoperative pus culture confirmed the presence of a brain abscess caused by Streptococcus anginosus infection. The three cases presented in this case series were all patients with community-acquired brain abscesses resulting from angina caused by Streptococcus group infection. All three patients demonstrated sensitivity to penicillin, ceftriaxone, vancomycin, linezolid, chloramphenicol, and levofloxacin. Successful treatment was achieved through stereotaxic puncture, drainage, and ceftriaxone administration with a six -week course of antibiotics. CONCLUSION Preoperative enhanced head MRI plays a critical role in distinguishing brain tumors from abscesses. Selecting the correct early diagnostic methods for brain abscesses and providing timely intervention are very important. This case series was in accordance with the CARE guidelines.

Recent advances in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of sepsis‐associated encephalopathy

AbstractSepsis is a life‐threatening organ dysfunction syndrome caused by the host's dysregulated response to infection. The leading causes of death in critically ill patients are sepsis‐associated encephalopathy (SAE), respiratory dysfunction, circulatory dysfunction, and other multi‐organ dysfunctions. SAE is among the most common serious complications of sepsis and is associated with a poor prognosis and long‐term cognitive dysfunction. Its clinical manifestations vary, and there are still no unified diagnostic criteria. The incidence of SAE varies from 9% to 71% in critically ill patients due to therapeutic interventions such as sedation, mechanical ventilation, and muscle relaxants. Advances in medical technology have significantly increased the survival rate of patients with sepsis, but up to 21% now experience long‐term sequelae or cognitive impairment. The lack of specific early diagnostic and treatment methods leads to increased SAE‐associated mortality and complications in patients, which also impose heavy economic burdens. This article reviews the pathogenesis and diagnostic methods of SAE and progress in its treatment, aiming to reduce the mortality and hospitalization lengths of patients with SAE and improve their survival rate and quality of life through early detection, diagnosis, and effective treatment.

Comparison for the diagnostic performance of early diagnostic methods for biliary atresia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Biliary atresia (BA), a progressive condition affecting canalicular-bile duct function/anatomy, requires prompt surgical intervention for favorable outcomes. Therefore, we conducted a network meta-analysis of common diagnostic methods to assess their performance and provide evidence-based support for clinical decision-making. We reviewed literature in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane for BA diagnostics. The search included gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), direct/combined bilirubin, matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP-7), ultrasonic triangular cord sign (TCS), hepatic scintigraphy (HS), and percutaneous cholangiocholangiography/percutaneous transhepatic cholecysto-cholangiography (PCC/PTCC). QUADAS-2 assessed study quality. Heterogeneity and threshold effect were evaluated using I2 and Spearman's correlation. We combined effect estimates, constructed SROC models, and conducted a network meta-analysis based on the ANOVA model, along with meta-regression and subgroup analysis, to obtain precise diagnostic performance assessments for BA. A total of 40 studies were included in our analysis. GGT demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy for BA with a sensitivity of 81.5% (95% CI 0.792-0.836) and specificity of 72.1% (95% CI 0.693-0.748). Direct bilirubin/conjugated bilirubin showed a sensitivity of 87.6% (95% CI 0.833-0.911) but lower specificity of 59.4% (95% CI 0.549-0.638). MMP-7 exhibited a total sensitivity of 91.5% (95% CI 0.893-0.934) and a specificity of 84.3% (95% CI 0.820-0.863). TCS exhibited a sensitivity of 58.1% (95% CI 0.549-0.613) and high specificity of 92.9% (95% CI 0.911-0.944). HS had a high sensitivity of 98.4% (95% CI 0.968-0.994) and moderate specificity of 79.0% (95% CI 0.762-0.816). PCC/PTCC exhibited excellent diagnostic performance with a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 0.900-1.000) and specificity of 87.0% (95% CI 0.767-0.939). Based on the ANOVA model, the network meta-analysis revealed that MMP-7 ranked second overall, with PCC/PTCC ranking first, both exhibiting superior diagnostic accuracy compared to other techniques. Our analysis showed no significant bias in most methodologies, but MMP-7 and hepatobiliary scintigraphy exhibited biases, with p values of 0.023 and 0.002, respectively. MMP-7 and ultrasound-guided PCC/PTCC show diagnostic potential in the early diagnosis of BA, but their clinical application is restricted due to practical limitations. Currently, the cutoff value of MMP-7 is unclear, and further evidence-based medical research is needed to firmly establish its diagnostic value. Until more evidence is available, MMP-7 is not suitable for widespread diagnostic use. Therefore, considering cost and operational simplicity, liver function tests combined with ultrasound remain the most clinically valuable non-invasive diagnostic methods for BA.

#2229 miR-186, a potential noninvasive diagnostic biomarker of Membranous nephropathy in urinary microparticles

Abstract Background and Aims Membranous nephropathy (MN) is one of the most common causes of nephrotic syndrome, and is associated with podocyte damage and proteinuria. Invasive biopsy is the gold-standard diagnostic method for this disease. The use of specific biomarkers, such as microparticles (MPs) originating from damaged podocytes released in a patient's urine, has been proposed as an early, noninvasive, and repetitive diagnostic method. According to the previous studies, MPs derived from podocytes are present in the urine of patients with different glomerulonephritis, such as diabetic nephropathy, lupus nephritis, renal injury in preeclampsia, and renovascular hypertensive disorders. The analysis of urinary microparticle-derived miRNAs from patients with kidney diseases can help detect diagnostic biomarkers. This study aimed to analyze podocyte damage-related miRNAs in MN, miR-30c, miR-135, and miR-18 in the urinary MP of MN patients to identify appropriate candidate biomarkers for MN Method Urine samples from 30 patients with membranous nephropathy and 16 healthy individuals were collected to extract podocyte MPs using ultracentrifugation. Characterization of these particles was determined using the specific protein marker of MPs, TSG-101, and the podocyte-specific marker Nephrin, by western blotting, and SEM was used to check the size and morphology. The expression levels of microRNAs extracted from podocyte MPs, miR-30c, miR-135, and miR-186, were also evaluated by real-time PCR. Results The evaluation of the characteristics of MPs showed that there were many particles with a size of more than 100 nm in the urine sample, and there were higher levels of the specific markers TSG-101 and Nephrin in the urine samples of MGN patients than in the control samples (P < 0.001). The expression level of miR-186 was compared between the three studied groups and based on the results of the expression of this miRNA in the group of membranous nephropathy patients compared to healthy people group, there was a significant increase in expression (P = 0.000) Conclusion This study showed that although the expression levels of miR-186 in podocyte MPs samples extracted from the urine of patients with MN were significantly changed compared to the studied controls, more studies should be performed to determine the diagnostic values.

#2922 The role of urinary extracellular-derived miRNAs dysregulation in IgA nephropathy

Abstract Background and Aims IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is one of the most common forms of glomerulonephritis and causes hematuria and proteinuria by damaging the mesangial and podocyte cells. Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) derived from damaged podocytes may reflect podocyte damage in various glomerular diseases and are considered an early and noninvasive diagnostic method. This study aimed to extract urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) and investigate the expression dysregulation and diagnostic value of miR-29c, miR-146a, miR-148b, miR-155, miR-200b, and miR-429 in urine samples from patients with IgAN. Method Urine samples were collected from 20 patients with IgAN, 30 patients with membranous nephropathy (MGN), and 16 healthy individuals to extract Urinary EVs by ultracentrifugation. The characterization of EVs was evaluated by the specific protein markers of the EVs, flotillin-1, ALiX, and CD-9, along with histone H1 and podocyte-specific marker podocalyxin via western blotting. SEM and DLS were used to investigate the size and morphology of EVs. The expression levels of the miRNAs were evaluated using Real-time PCR. Results Numerous extracellular vesicles >100 nm in size were present in the urine sample which were considered as EVs based on references. There were higher levels of the specific markers flotillin-1, ALiX, and podococalyxin in the urine samples of IgAN patients than in the control samples (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). There was a statistically significant difference among the expression level of miR-29c (P = 0.002 and P = 033) in the group of IgAN patients compared to MGN patients and the group of healthy people, based on Rock curve analysis this urinary marker could discriminate the IgAN patients from MGN group, the area under the curve AUC ≥ 0.73. Conclusion This study showed that the different levels of miRNAs studied in urinary EVs may indicate podocyte damage and have a direct relationship with the pathology of IgAN and MGN. Further studies are needed to confirm these results and determine the diagnostic value of these markers.

Evaluation of Ultrasound Screening Method and Prevalence for Developmental Hip Dysplasia In The Central Anatolia

Objectives:This study aimed to assess the frequency and subsequent results of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in newborns in Central Anatolia who were admitted to Konya City Hospital and evaluate the efficiency of the existing screening and treatment methods in detecting and managing DDH in infants. Methods: Total of 10,650 infants were evaluated who had Graf USG screening in Konya City Hospital. İnfants born at or after 38 weeks of gestation were included, while premature infants were excluded. Additionally, we included infants who underwent USG screening between 30 and 90 days after birth, and whose hip development physiology was adequately visualized and assessed during the USG examination. Results: The study examined 8,695 term infants (52.5% male, 47.5% female) who underwent USG screening between 2020 and 2022. Participants mean gestational age at the time of the first USG examination was 7.94±2.07 weeks. Graf type 1 was higher in males (%97-96,5) and graf type 2 was higher in females (%7,2-7,8). Radiologists prefer to re-examine after 1 month for type 2a(%84,49-82,02) but orthopaedic consultation for type Type-2B, 2C, and type-3. The majority of infants (93.6%) underwent only one USG screening. No patients who continued regular USG control and treatment required surgical treatment requiring osteotomy. Conclusion: USG is an early diagnostic method for developmental hip dysplasia (DDH), which allows for simple treatment options and prevention of complications. It is a simple, inexpensive, and non-invasive method. Our study supports that regular USG screenings in infants eliminate the need for surgical procedures requiring osteotomy.

Research on Quantitative Diagnosis of Dendrites Based on Titration Gas Chromatography Technology

Lithium plating can cause capacity fade and thermal runaway safety issues in lithium-ion batteries. Therefore, accurately detecting the amount of lithium plating on the surface of the battery’s negative electrode is crucial for battery safety. This is especially crucial in high-energy-density applications such as battery energy storage systems or in electric vehicles (EVs). Early detection of lithium plating is crucial for evaluation of reliability and longevity. It also serves as a method for early diagnostics in practical industrial applications or infrastructure, such as EV transportation. This can enhance its impact on customers. This study validates the effectiveness of titration gas chromatography (TGC) technology in quantitatively detecting lithium plating on graphite negative electrodes in lithium-ion batteries. The results show that it can detect a minimum of 2.4 μmol of metallic lithium. Compared with the heating direct current resistance and reference electrode methods, which can be used to perform only qualitative dendrite detection, TGC has a wider range of detection. Compared with the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method with higher quantitative detection accuracy, the maximum difference between the detection results of the two methods was only 7.2%, but the TGC method had lower cost and higher implementation convenience. In summary, among various dendrite detection methods, the TGC method can not only realize the effective quantitative detection of lithium plating, but also comprehensively consider its detection range, implementation convenience, cost, and detection accuracy, indicating that it is suitable for engineering applications and has the prospect of realizing large-scale quantitative detection of lithium plating in lithium-ion batteries.

Opportunities and challenges in accurate early diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer/pulmonary nodules

Lung cancer remains the most prevalent and lethal malignancy in our country. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving patient prognosis in lung cancer/pulmonary nodules. Recent advancements in non-invasive/minimally invasive liquid biopsy, multi-omics, and artificial intelligence technologies have significantly enhanced the accuracy of early lung cancer/pulmonary nodule diagnosis. However, an early diagnostic method with both high sensitivity and specificity is yet to be established. Furthermore, addressing the methods and extent of early precision surgery, local precision therapy, perioperative combined treatment, and postoperative recurrence and metastasis monitoring are urgent challenges in the early management of lung cancer/pulmonary nodules. Integrating the advantages of various treatment strategies and formulating personalized and precise treatment plans is key to further improving patient survival. In the future, while exploring new therapeutic strategies, it is necessary to continuously search for biomarkers to identify the population that will benefit from the treatment effectively. Additionally, large-sample randomized controlled clinical studies should be conducted to investigate the benefits of long-term patient survival under a diverse range of treatment strategies.

SCREENING AND EARLY DETECTION OF LUNG CANCER: A COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Background: Lung cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, accounting for the greatest economic and public health burden of all cancers. In 2020, lung cancer accounted for approximately 2.2 million cases and nearly 1.8 million deaths worldwide. The aim: The aim of this study to show about screening and early detection of lung cancer. Methods: By the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020, this study was able to show that it met all of the requirements. This search approach, publications that came out between 2014 and 2024 were taken into account. Several different online reference sources, like Pubmed, SagePub, and Sciencedirect were used to do this. It was decided not to take into account review pieces, works that had already been published, or works that were only half done. Result: Four publications were found to be directly related to our ongoing systematic examination after a rigorous three-level screening approach. Subsequently, a comprehensive analysis of the complete text was conducted, and additional scrutiny was given to these articles. Conclusion: Early screening and diagnostic methods of lung cancer, x-ray screening is not recommended. LDCT has obvious advantages and is the most promising imaging method in early screening of lung cancer.