Method Of Drainage Research Articles

Comparison of External Ureteral Catheter and Double-J stent as Drainage Methods for Tubeless Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The external ureteral catheter (EUC) and double-J stent (DJ-stent) are frequently used for drainage in tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). This study aims to compare the outcomes and effectiveness of these two methods. We conducted a detailed literature search using relevant key words on Google Scholar, Europe PMC, Medline, and Scopus databases. Continuous variables were combined using mean difference (MD), while binary variables were analysed using risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals through random-effects models. Our analysis included nine studies. The results showed that EUC was associated with a significantly lower incidence of stent-related symptoms [RR 0.32 (95% CI 0.19 - 0.54), p < 0.0001, I² = 24%] compared to the DJ-stent. There were no significant differences between EUC and DJ-stent in terms of postoperative fever (p = 0.92), urine leakage (p = 0.21), perinephric collection (p = 0.85), haemoglobin drop (p = 0.06), transfusion rate (p = 0.27), VAS score (p = 0.67), analgesic requirements (p = 0.59), stone-free rate (p = 0.14), duration of surgery (p = 0.10), and duration of hospitalization (p = 0.50). The EUC demonstrated fewer stent-related symptoms than the DJ-stent in tubeless PCNL, while both methods showed comparable safety and efficacy. The choice between EUC and DJ-stent should consider patient preferences and surgeon expertise. Further randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with larger sample sizes are needed to affirm these results.

Evaluation of Permeable Piles Foundation Performance in Liquefiable Soils under Seismic Loading

The use of permeable piles as an effective drainage method in liquefiable sites has become widely accepted. In this study, the seismic response of both the liquefiable soil and the pile was simulated using FLAC3D software to validate the anti-liquefaction performance of the permeable pile. A group of permeable piles designed according to the China foundation code were numerically modeled with various opening ratios (i.e. area of openings/total surficial area). The numerical results showed that the permeable pile is able to enhance liquefaction resistance by dissipating excess pore water through the drainage holes. The bending moments and axial force of the permeable pile decrease but the ultimate bearing capacity increases in the process of drainage. It is found that the excess pore water pressure ratio (EPWPR) of soil around permeable pile under seismic loading reduces rapidly with increasing opening ratio, but the excess pore water pressure tends to keep nearly a stable level once the opening ratio is beyond a critical value of 0.5%. As a result, the critical value of the opening ratio may be considered as the optimum parameter to design the permeable pile against liquefaction.

Intentional peeling of the guidewire during endoscopic ultrasound hepaticogastrostomy to access the common bile duct.

Endoscopic ultrasound guided biliary drainage has become an effective drainage method for unresectable malignant obstructive jaundice, especially for patients after digestive tract reconstruction. We report a technique for assisting adequate guidewire biliary access during the drainage procedure.

A retrospective comparative study of percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage versus endoscopic gallbladder stenting on the clinical course of acute cholecystitis: A propensity score matching analysis using a nationwide inpatient database in Japan.

We performed a retrospective comparative study to clarify the optimal gallbladder drainage method prior to elective cholecystectomy. We collected data from the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database about cholecystitis patients who underwent gallbladder drainage prior to cholecystectomy in a subsequent hospitalization between April 2014 and March 2020. We divided the study population into two groups: an endoscopic gallbladder stenting (EGBS) group and a percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) group. We performed propensity score matching and compared surgical outcomes related to cholecystectomy. We collected 6306 cases (PTGBD: 6112 cases; EGBS: 194 cases). In propensity score matching, we obtained 193 matched pairs from the study population. Long-term postoperative antibiotics therapy (2 vs. 9; risk ratio 4.7 [95% CI: 1.1-30.9]) was more frequent in the EGBS group than the PTGBD group. There were no significant differences between the two groups for laparotomic cholecystectomy and postoperative bile duct drainage. For reoperation, postoperative abdominal drainage and postoperative blood transfusion, there were few outcome occurrences and effect measures were not obtained. Gallbladder drainage by EGBS may have more risk of surgical complications related to elective cholecystectomy than PTGBD. There are a few reports on this topic, so further research should be conducted.

Modern possibilities of minimally invasive biliary drainage techniques for patients with malignant jaundice

Malignant biliary obstruction is a complex condition requiring a multimodal approach for both diagnosis and treatment. Most patients diagnosed with this disease are not candidates for radical surgery, as they come to us at advanced stages of the disease. Therefore, they need quality palliative care. Aim. Based on the data from scientific articles and literature, to highlight the possibilities of minimally invasive biliary drainage techniques in patients with malignant jaundice. The article analyzes the available sources of scientific literature and articles from the electronic resources PubMed, Google Scholar, UpToDate from 2019 to 2024. Minimally invasive methods of biliary drainage have demonstrated significant advantages over open surgeries, including a reduced risk of surgical complications, shorter rehabilitation period, and the ability to perform the procedure under local anesthesia. However, despite technological progress and accumulated clinical experience, a number of unresolved issues remain, in particular, related to choosing the optimal drainage method for a particular patient, and assessing the effectiveness and safety of a specific technique. Conclusions. The most controversial issue is the choice between endoscopic and percutaneous drainage methods. Some studies have shown that endoscopic drainage might be more effective in patients with tumors located in the distal bile ducts, while percutaneous drainage might be more appropriate in case of proximal obstructions. Therefore, the situation calls for additional studies to evaluate long-term results of different drainage techniques and the effectiveness of plastic, covered and uncovered metal stents in different clinical situations.

Emergency treatment of obstructive pyelonephritis: A single center series.

This study aims to compare two different drainage methods, percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) and retrograde ureteral double-J (DJ) stent insertion, in patients with obstructive pyelonephritis (OP). The study included 77 patients who presented to the emergency department due to stones. Type of decompression treatment (PCN or DJ stent), fever, white blood cell count (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, urine culture, blood culture, presence of additional diseases, and antibiotic treatment were evaluated for these patients. Emergency decompressive treatment was not randomly assigned. The clinician chose the appropriate treatment method based on the patient's condition after obtaining an informed consent. Patients under the age of 18 were categorized into three subgroups: infants, children under 10 years, and adolescents. Of the 77 patients, 31 were in the DJ stent group and 46 were in the PCN group. Patients in the PCN group exhibited significantly higher fever levels before the procedure (37.6 ± 1.0°C). Additionally, the positivity rate of urine and blood cultures was higher in the PCN group. The average time to stone treatment after infection and medical treatment, as well as fever control, was shorter in the PCN group (9 ± 2.3 days). Empiric treatment with Ceftriaxone (1 g IV) was confirmed by sensitivity results of urine or blood culture in 45% of cases. None of the patients developed advanced urosepsis after the procedure, but the resolution of infection parameters was faster in the PCN group (7 ± 3.3 days). Both PCN and DJ stent insertion are effective and safe methods for managing obstructive pyelonephritis. It was observed that the PCN method under local anesthesia was useful in quickly controlling fever and allowing early surgical treatment. Finally, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotics are beneficial for empiric initial treatment.

Simulation of a New Well SAGD Configuration based on the example of an Oil Field in Kazakhstan

Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) method is recognized as one of the most effective methods for the recovery of heavy oil and natural bitumen. This technology has received several modifications throughout its history designed to improve it. One of the promising modifications is the Single Well-SAGD (SW-SAGD), which allows significantly reducing the CAPEX for drilling a well. However, this method has several disadvantages such as steam breakthrough into the production part and the uneven development of the steam chamber along the well. This article presents the concept of a Single-Well Cyclic SAGD (SWC-SAGD), which allows preventing the breakthrough of the injected steam into the production section and the uniform development of the steam chamber along the well. The comparison analysis of the developed modification of SWC-SAGD was carried out using the classical method of 3D hydrodynamic modeling of both options using the example of one of the fields of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The results of the work show the efficiency of the proposed technology in terms of field oil total production.

Study on substrates purification effect and microbial community structure of vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland under siphon effect

To explore the pollutants removal effects of siphon composite vertical flow constructed wetlands (Sc-VSsFCW), alongside the characteristics of microbial communities and the varying trends of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content across substrate layers. Two kinds of distinct Sc-VSsFCW, with loess sphere and clay ceramic grain as substrate materials, respectively, were established. During the experiment, water quality of influent and effluent were detected to investigate system pollutant removal efficiency, routine index detection, microbial diversity analysis and EPS content determination, and substrates were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results indicated that both substrate systems exhibited good pollutant removal effect, with the average removal rate of 90 % for ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate within the range of 60–70 %. The long-term re‑oxygenation process inherent in the system successfully augmented the dissolved oxygen (DO) content within the wastewater, and facilitate relative high abundance of Nakamurella, Bacillus, and Nitrospira in these two substrate systems, which enhanced organic matter degradation and nitrification processes. Moreover, the hydraulic conductivity and EPS content in both substrate systems displayed a declining trend, suggesting that the system's unique hydraulic conditions strategies effectively mitigated EPS accumulation and diminished the likelihood of biological clogging. Consequently, the system's distinctive re‑oxygenation and siphon drainage methods boast advantages over traditional vertical flow constructed wetlands in terms of enhancing dissolved oxygen levels and mitigating the risk of biological clogging. This study contributes theoretical underpinnings for the application of constructed wetlands in wastewater treatment and clogging mitigation.

Drainage posterior to pancreaticojejunostomy reduces the severity of postoperative pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy

BackgroundClinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF) is a common postoperative complication after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and is associated with severe complications. Drainage is an effective method to treat POPF and prevent POPF-related complications. However, controversy still exists about whether different drainage methods reduce the incidence or the severity of POPF after PD.MethodsA closed suction drainage was placed posterior to pancreaticojejunostomy in PD except for other routine drainage placements. A retrospective study was conducted to calculate the incidence and severity of CR-POPF and POPF-related complications and to evaluate the efficacy of this drainage method.Results295 patients who underwent PD were enrolled in this study, 130 patients in the trial group and 165 patients in the control group. The two groups were comparable in both preoperative and intraoperative characteristics. The overall incidence of CR-POPF was similar between the two groups. The trial group had a significantly decreased incidence of grade C POPF (0% vs. 3.6%, p < 0.05), post-pancreatectomy hemorrhage (PPH) (0% vs. 6.1%, p = 0.003), reoperation (0% vs. 3.6%, p = 0.036), intra-abdominal infection (13.1% vs. 25.5%, p = 0.008), and delayed gastric emptying (DGE) (2.3% vs. 8.5%, p = 0.024) than the control group. Subgroup analysis of patients with intermediate/high risk for CR-POPF mirrored these results. Logistic regression identified obstructive jaundice, biliary fistula, POPF, and DGE as independent risk factors for PPH and reoperation, though the results were not significant in multivariate analysis.ConclusionsThe drainage posterior to pancreaticojejunostomy reduces the severity of POPF and the incidence of POPF-related complications after PD.

Percutaneous nephrostomy tube versus double J ureteric stent for the management of non-septic calcular anuria in adults: Prospective randomized study

ABSTRACT Objective To compare the use of JJ and PCN tubes as initial urinary drainage methods in patients with obstructive calcular anuria. Methods Between January 2021 and January 2024, 239 eligible patients with obstructive calcular anuria were randomly classified into two groups. Group A (JJ group) included 121 patients and group B (PCN group) included 118 patients. Laboratory data, stone characteristics, and intraoperative and postoperative data were also collected. The time needed to normalize the serum creatinine levels, postoperative complications, and quality of life scores were assessed. Results The procedures had comparable success rates (86.8% vs. 90.7%; p = 0.9). The PCN group had a shorter operative time (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in the time required for serum creatinine to return to normal between the two groups (p = 0.669). Fever, haematuria, and LUTS were more evident in the JJ stent group. In the JJ group, the presence of upper ureteral stones and stone burden were risk factors for procedure failure, whereas the presence of upper ureteral stones and preoperative serum creatinine were risk factors for ureteral perforation. Mild hydronephrosis was a risk factor for procedural failure in the PCN group. Spontaneous stone passage was more common in the PCN group (p = 0.028). The Overall quality of life and general health scores were significantly better in the PCN group (p < 0.001). Conclusions Both PCN and JJ stents had comparable success rates. PCN was associated with a lower incidence of LUTS, higher incidence of spontaneous stone passage, and better quality of life scores than the JJ stent.

Study on the Liquid‐Holding Rate Law of Gas–Water–Foam Three‐Phase Flow in a Wavy Pipe

ABSTRACTAs a common method for liquid drainage in wave‐shaped pipelines, foam drainage has been used in gas‐gathering pipelines in various oil and gas fields. One of the common problems encountered in wave‐shaped foam drainage pipelines is the inaccurate prediction of the liquid retention rate. This issue makes it difficult to predict liquid accumulation points, which affects gas output efficiency, causes pipeline corrosion, and generates natural gas hydrates. To clarify the liquid‐holding rate law of wavy foam drainage pipelines is studied. In this study, through experiments to verify the accuracy of the numerical simulation method, we investigate the easiest liquid accumulation points and the liquid‐holding rate of wave‐shaped foam drainage pipelines, with factors such as inlet gas velocity, inlet liquid velocity, import and export differential pressure, undulation angle, and inlet temperature change rule. Among them, the error between the numerical simulation results and the experimental results is 4.68%. Finally, after considering the influence of the aforementioned factors on the liquid retention rate of wave‐shaped pipelines, a new liquid retention rate calculation model for wave‐shaped pipelines with foam drainage is established by introducing dimensionless numbers, such as gas‐phase velocity coefficient, liquid‐phase velocity coefficient, and angle correction coefficient. The method is compared with the results of previous research, and the error is within 15%. The model has a simple form and high calculation accuracy, providing a theoretical basis for pipeline inspectors to predict liquid accumulation conditions and reasonably adjust production schedules.

HPB SO49 - EUS guided biliary drainage prior to pancreaticoduodenectomy - The Leeds experience

Abstract Background Biliary obstruction is a common manifestation of biliary tract cancer. Decompression is indicated if patients develop systemic illness due to the obstruction or to facilitate chemotherapy. Stent insertion via ERCP is the current first line decompressive technique, although in certain situations such as duodenal/ampullary obstruction, is not always feasible. When ERCP has failed, our centre has implemented using lumen apposing metallic stents (LAMS) delivered by the HOT AXIOS™ system to create a draining choledochoduodenostomy. Our aim is to report on our experience of carrying out pancreaticoduodenectomy after biliary drainage has been achieved with this technique. Method All patients who underwent biliary drainage with a LAMS and then surgical resection of a biliary tract cancer were identified from a prospective database. Both procedures were carried out at St James’s Hospital, Leeds, between June 2018 and May 2024 by expert gastroenterology and pancreatic surgical consultants. Procedural and inpatient notes were retrospectively reviewed. The primary outcomes were the assessment of technical feasibility of pancreaticoduodenectomy and of perioperative complications, classified by the Clavien-Dindo (CD) system. Secondary outcomes were the safe and clinically effective (defined as &amp;gt;50% reduction of serum bilirubin within 7 days) application of LAMS. Results Thirteen patients were identified with a median age of 69 (51-81), twelve requiring drainage due to jaundice and one due to cholangitis. Duration to resection was median 68 days (12-377). Surgical resection was successful in all thirteen patients, in seven cases the surgeons commented on fibrosis due to the stent, with one qualifying that this was no more than a conventional biliary stent. Postoperatively five patients had no complications, one CD grade 1, five CD grade 2 and one CD grade 5. There were no significant post endoscopic complications and 10 patients demonstrated clinical effectiveness of the LAMS. Conclusion ERCP is the current first line method of drainage in malignant biliary obstruction. Technical success is reliant on unimpeded access to the bile duct. The HOT AXIOSÔ system circumvents this reliance by delivering a LAMS in a single stage forming a draining choledochoduodenostomy. Our centre’s experience suggests that it is a safe and effective method of biliary drainage which does not impede surgical resection. Additionally, it is not associated with the risk of post procedural pancreatitis. Our experience justifies further large-scale studies into this technique with consideration for its use not only when ERCP is not possible.

THE CONNECTION OF LOCAL RETINAL DETACHMENT IN THE MACULAR AREA WITH THE FOSSA OF THE OPTIC DISC. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS (CLINICAL CASE)

Relevance. The optic nerve pit is a congenital disease manifested by a depression in the disc of the optic nerve, which affects about 0.9% of the population. Complications occur in 25–75% of patients and may include retinal detachment. The causes of detachment remain unclear, but two theories of the occurrence of this complication have been put forward. Fluorescence angiography and optical coherence tomography are used for diagnosis. The treatment of retinal detachment in ONDP is not standardized and includes laser treatment, vitrectomy and other methods for fluid drainage. It is important to differentiate ONDP from other causes of central retinal detachment.Objective. Based on a clinical case, to demonstrate an approach to the diagnosis and treatment of local retinal detachment in the macular area associated with the fossa of the optic disc.Materials and methods. This article presents a clinical case of retinal detachment in the macular area associated with the fossa of the optic disc. Results and discussions. When comparing two clinical cases, the similarity of the ophthalmoscopic picture and the differences in the OCT and FAG images were revealed.Conclusions. The accumulation of fluid under the neuroepithelium is not a pathognomic sign, therefore it is important to carry out differential diagnosis in central serous retinal detachment associated with the fossa of the optic disc.

Outcomes of Gallbladder Drainage Techniques in Acute Cholecystitis: Percutaneous Versus Endoscopic Methods.

Acute cholecystitis, often caused by gallstones obstructing the cystic duct, is a potentially life-threatening condition that requires timely intervention. High-risk patients, particularly those with significant comorbidities, may not be suitable candidates for laparoscopic cholecystectomy, necessitating alternative drainage techniques such as percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) and endoscopic gallbladder drainage (EGD). This systematic review aims to compare the efficacy, safety, and outcomes of PC and EGD in managing acute cholecystitis in high-risk surgical patients. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus, from inception to October 2024. Studies were included if they assessed the outcomes of PC versus EGD in high-risk patients with acute cholecystitis. Data extraction focused on primary outcomes such as complication rates, reintervention needs, symptom resolution, hospital stay duration, and mortality. A qualitative synthesis was conducted due to heterogeneity in the study designs. Four randomized controlled trials and cohort studies were included, encompassing a total of 238 high-risk patients. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy showed significantly better outcomes compared to percutaneous drainage in reducing major complications, reintervention rates, and recurrent biliary disease. Endoscopic drainage techniques, including naso-gallbladder drainage and gallbladder stenting, demonstrated similar clinical success rates with fewer complications than percutaneous methods, particularly in patients with concurrent biliary conditions. The findings suggest that while percutaneous drainage provides rapid symptom relief, it is associated with higher reintervention rates. Endoscopic techniques offer fewer complications and are particularly beneficial for patients with suspected choledocholithiasis. However, the choice of drainage method should be based on individual patient profiles, taking into account overall health status and comorbidities. Both percutaneous and endoscopic drainage methods are effective in managing acute cholecystitis in high-risk patients, with distinct advantages depending on patient-specific factors. Further research is needed to explore long-term outcomes and hybrid approaches that may optimize care for these patients.

A 3D modelling approach to measuring structural characteristics of bird nest interiors

Abstract Nests are considered extended phenotypes of animals with potentially serious fitness consequences for the survival of offspring. Therefore, nest characteristics may contain valuable information about the underlying ecological and evolutionary mechanisms shaping animal reproduction. However, we currently lack efficient tools to archive nests and measure their characteristics, particularly concerning enclosed nests. Here we developed a step‐by‐step protocol of a 3D modelling approach to measure structural characteristics of nest interiors using the enclosed, dome‐shaped nests of Asian house martins as a test system. We first created the replicas of nest interiors using polyurethane (‘physical replicas’), from which 3D models were constructured using Metashape software (‘digital replicas’). We then estimated the volume and entrance area size of the digital replicas of nest interior using Metashape. To verify that the digital replicas preserve the structural characteristics of the physical replicas, we measured the volume and entrance area size of the physical replicas with Archimedes' drainage method and ImageJ, respectively. We then compared the manual measurements of the physical replicas to the values estimated from digital replicas. The estimates on the interior volume and entrance area size of 50 Asian house martin nests were nearly identical between physical and digital replicas. These results verified that the digital replicas are as reliable as the physical replicas for measuring structural characteristics of nest interior. Our 3D modelling approach allows for easy archiving as digital replicas of nest interiors endure preservation over time much better than actual nest specimens. Furthermore, digital replicas can be shared via internet and analysed for different aspects of morphometrics at any time by anyone. Overall, this tool should facilitate research on the ecology and evolution of animals in relation to nest construction.

A Novel Breast-Volume Self-Measurement Method with Improved Convenient and Accuracy

Breast volume is crucial for ensuring proper bra fit and comfort, significantly influencing women’s physiological and psychological well-being. This study aims to develop a novel method for breast-volume self-measurement, allowing women to accurately assess their breast volume without specialized equipment. We employed a geometric approximation of the breast as a combination of a partial elliptical cone and an irregular partial ellipsoid, leading to the formulation of a new volume equation. The method was validated against established standards, including the specimen drainage method and 3D scanning techniques. The findings revealed that our self-measurement approach achieved a relative error of only 3.8%, outperforming the 4.8% of 3D scanning and the 86.3% associated with traditional breast-volume equations. This innovative self-measurement technique enhances accuracy and serves as a practical solution for health and nutritional assessments, alongside body image evaluations. Its user-friendly nature positions it as a valuable tool for women’s health, particularly in personal fitness and ergonomic design.

Clean Intermittent Catheterisation via a Mitrofanoff Is Superior to Long Term Suprapubic Catheters for Bladder Drainage

AimSome children require long-term drainage of the bladder but do not tolerate clean intermittent catheterisation (CIC) urethrally. We aimed to compare long term suprapubic catheter (SPC) drainage vs Mitrofanoff conduit (allowing CIC) by comparing the survival of the drainage methods and rates of urinary tract infection (UTI). MethodRetrospective review of a single surgeon's experience (2007–2023). Data collection included diagnosis, age at procedures, date of surgery, date of most recent follow-up and date and reason for unplanned surgery. For SPCs, initial insertion of SPC and then conversion to a Foley catheter under GA was taken as normal (event free survival) and only further operations were counted as complication events. For Mitrofanoffs, any subsequent operation was counted as a complication.Data were given as a number (%) or median (interquartile range) as appropriate. Data analysed by Fisher exact and Mann–Whitney U-test. Kaplan Meier (KM) survival of drainage routes was compared, P < 0.05 taken as significant. ResultsThere were 45 patients (n = 86 SPC episodes) compared to 108 patients (n = 110 Mitrofanoff procedures). Data were available in 73 SPC episodes and 109 Mitrofanoff episodes, including 3 redo procedures (one from another centre). There was no difference in gender (SPC group, 67 % male vs. Mitrofanoff group, 77 %; N.S.). There was no difference in age at procedure [7.5 (2.9–11.5) years vs 8.3 (5.9–11.4) years respectively; N.S.)KM comparison showed that Mitrofanoff have a better event-free survival than SPC (91 % vs 52 % at 1 year; 80 % vs. 13 % at 5 years; P < 0.0001). Paired data showed a significant (86 %) reduction in rate of UTI with conversion from SPC to Mitrofanoff drainage in 15 patients; SPC: 0.13 (0–0.46) UTIs/month vs subsequent Mitrofanoff: 0.02 (0–0.08) UTI/month, P = 0.04). ConclusionSPCs had a much higher rate of unplanned surgery than Mitrofanoffs, creating a considerable unplanned burden of care for families and clinical staff. For long-term bladder drainage CIC via a Mitrofanoff conduit should be considered in preference to SPC where urethral CIC is not possible.

Influence of Trenchless Subsurface Drainage with a Rice Husk Filling System on Soybean Productivity Under a Poorly Drained Paddy Field for Future Applications in Smart Agriculture

In South Korea, paddy fields are increasingly being planted with soybeans to address rice supply and demand issues and increase soybean self-sufficiency. The field crops cannot grow healthily without adequate drainage due to the paddy fields storing water easily. In this study, we identified that Rice Husk Filling Drainage Method (RHDM) technology improved soil permeability and soil aeration. We also found that the soil moisture content was reduced and the water table remained at a lower level in the RHDM plot as compared to the control plot. The soybean moisture stress index showed that in the RHDM plot, the safety standard for stress due to excessive moisture at the 2 m interval was met. The soybean yield was increased by up to 35% in the 2 m RHDM construction interval compared to the control plot. In addition, the high hydraulic conductivity of the rice husk used as the hydrophobic material confirmed sufficient drainage performance and was considered economically advantageous. Therefore, our results show that RHDM is a highly efficient and economical drainage method in poorly drained paddy soils. Drainage management is essential for stable crop production in poorly drained paddy fields. Our research findings suggest that an efficient open field water management method is viable, which we believe will lead to future advances in open field smart agriculture.

Effects of droplet dynamical behavior in flow channel of proton exchange membrane fuel cell under vibration conditions on cell performance

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are subjected to severe vibration in aerospace applications. Understanding the droplet transport characteristics in the flow channelunder vibration conditions is essential for improving cell performance. However, the underlying patterns and mechanisms of the vibration effects on cell performance and its internal water transport remain unclear, and there is a lack of improvement methods for drainage under vibration conditions. This study experimentally investigates the effect of vibration on cell performance. Experimental results indicate that vibration predominantly affects cell performance through its modulation of water transport. Therefore, the droplet dynamic behavior in the flow channel is further studied using the volume of fluid method. The results indicate that vibrations can enhance the average performance of the fuel cells, with the largest increase of 8.30 %. This is attributed to vibrations promoting the detachment of droplets from the gas diffusion layer surface and reducing the water coverage ratio on said surface. Under conditions of low gas velocity, high surface hydrophobicity, and large droplet size, droplets exhibited oscillatory and jumping behavior in the flow channel due to vibration, resulting in the largest 53.5 % increase in peak water coverage ratio on the gas diffusion layer surface compared to no-vibration conditions. Furthermore, enhancing the hydrophobicity of the gas diffusion layer and the hydrophilicity of the channel walls promotes droplet detachment and discharge compared to no-vibration, as well as contributing to the improvement of vibration effects on the drainage process.

ASSESSMENT OF METHODS OF DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF PANCREATIC CYSTS

Abstract. The frequency of formation of pancreatic cysts in acute and chronic pancreatitis is 5-30%, and in destructive forms it increases to 60-70%. Persons of working age from 30 to 60 years old are mainly prone to the disease, which confirms the social significance of this problem. The aim: increase the effectiveness of surgical treatment of pancreatic cysts by using advanced diagnostics and methods of external and internal drainage. Materials and methods: the study is based on the analysis of the results of surgical treatment of patients with pancreatic cysts who were treated at VRCH n.a. M.I. Pirogov in the period from 01.01.2018 to 01.06.2024. A total of 65 patients were observed. The results: infection of the postoperative wound was observed in 6.15% of patients. 1.54% of patients developed adhesions, which were treated conservatively. The average time for removing drains with laparoscopic drainage is 21.2±1.5 days. There were no fatal consequences. Conclusions: the use of advanced diagnostics followed by differential selection of the treatment method significantly reduces the number of complications, reduces mortality and the length of stay of patients in the hospital.