Cost Control Method Research Articles

Modern Methods of Evaluating the Efficiency of Logistics Processes in a Company

The article discusses modern methods of assessing the efficiency of logistics processes, which are one of the most important components of the successful functioning of any company, especially in today's fierce competition and globalization. The article assesses the efficiency of logistics processes, which are an integral part of the company's strategic management and allow ensuring its stable development. The analysis of modern methods for assessing the efficiency of logistics processes in a company has allowed to identify three important tools, such as: data envelopment analysis (DEA), ABC analysis and cost analysis and control method. It is proved that the DEA method can be applied to a wide range of logistics systems, regardless of their complexity and specificity. In addition, DEA allows to identify factors that limit efficiency and develops recommendations for its improvement. The value of ABC analysis is highlighted, which lies in the potential to increase sales volumes by improving the availability of goods that are most valued by customers. An assessment of the efficiency of logistics processes in a company using ABC analysis is proposed. The importance of such a method as cost analysis and control is analyzed. Thanks to a detailed analysis and control of costs, it is possible to identify bottlenecks in the logistics chain, optimize delivery routes, reduce storage costs and increase the efficiency of vehicle use. The author proposes the key stages of the logistics cost analysis based on the “Five Steps” system. It is proved that the joint use of the proposed methods creates synergy, allowing for a deeper and more accurate analysis than when each of them is applied separately. The methods we have studied complement each other, providing company managers with tools for comprehensive analysis and evaluation of logistics efficiency.

Study on the Precise Evaluation of Environmental Impacts of Air Pollution in Cold Regions Using the Cost Control Method

Objective: With the acceleration of industrialization, air pollution has become a global environmental issue, particularly in cold regions where the unique climatic and geographical conditions give rise to distinctive types of air pollution and impacts. Considering the economic evaluation of environmental damage is crucial for effective pollution control policies, this study aims to provide a more precise environmental damage assessment method through the Improved Virtual Control Cost Method (IVCCM) to optimize air pollution governance strategies in cold regions. Method: This study utilizes a case study of a major company producing methanol and coal-based natural gas, where the emissions from the boiler exhaust exceeded the prescribed standards for particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides during a specific period. By employing a segmented counting approach that accounts for downtime, precise calculations were conducted for the actual periods of excess emissions. Adjustments were made to the calculation coefficients within the Virtual Control Cost Method to more accurately reflect the ecological damage caused by air pollution. Results: The IVCCM calculations revealed that the total environmental loss caused by the company’s excessive air pollution emissions amounted to USD 1.6844 million, significantly lower than the original calculation method (USD 2.1885 million). Specifically, the environmental losses due to particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides were USD 0.0032 million, USD 0.3600 million, and USD 1.3212 million, respectively. Conclusions: The IVCCM enables a more precise assessment and prediction of ecological environmental damage caused by air pollution in cold regions. Compared to traditional methods, it effectively reduces assessment costs, mitigates disputes arising from unclear parameter values and calculation methods, and facilitates the development of more rational environmental protection policies and measures.

Cost Control and Analysis in University Financial Management

In modern university financial management, cost control and analysis are critical means for enhancing economic efficiency and resource utilization. However, universities currently face numerous challenges in cost control, including imperfect management systems, insufficient levels of informatization, and inadequate personnel quality. This paper aims to explore methods of cost control and analysis in university financial management, proposing optimization strategies through the comparison of traditional and modern cost analysis tools to help university administrators improve financial management. The research provides not only theoretical guidance for universities but also practical and feasible solutions for implementation.

Painless cost control as a central strategy for universal oral health coverage: A critical review with policy guide.

This study aimed to critically review the methods used to control the significantly increasing costs of dental care. Through a comprehensive search of the available literature, the cost control (CC) mechanisms for health services were identified from a healthcare system perspective. The probable applicability of each CC method was evaluated mainly based on its potential contribution to oral health promotion. Each mechanism was then classified and discussed under any of the two headings of financing and service provision. An operational guide was finally presented for policy-making in each of the three main models of healthcare systems, including National Health Services, social/public health insurance and private insurance. From a total of 142 articles/reports retrieved in PubMed, 73 in Scopus and 791 in Google Scholar, 35 were included in the final review after eliminating the duplicates and screening process. Totally ten mechanisms were identified for CC of dental care. Seven were discussed under the financing function, including cost sharing, preauthorization, mixed payment method and an evidence-based approach to benefit package definition, among others. Three further methods were classified under the service provision function, including workforce skill mix with emphasis on primary oral healthcare providers, development of primary healthcare (PHC) network and an appropriate use of tele-dentistry. Painless control of dental expenditures requires a smart integration of prevention into the CC plans. The suggested policy guide emphasizes organizational factors; particularly including the development of PHC-based networks with midlevel providers (desirably extended-duty dental hygienists) as the frontline oral healthcare providers.

Pengendalian Biaya Tenaga Kerja dalam Organisasi Sektor Publik: Studi tentang Pengelolaan Pegawai Tidak Tetap (PTT) dan Alternatif Outsourcing

This article discusses the management of labor costs in the public sector with a focus on the management of non-permanent employees (PTT) and outsourcing alternatives. This research highlights problems in personnel management, especially employee expenditure costs that must be borne by government agencies. This study reviews cost control systems, labor costs, and methods for managing honorary staff costs in government. The findings show that outsourcing is more efficient than recruiting PTT or temporary workers as a solution to control labor costs. Additionally, this paper recommends Activity Based Costing (ABC) method for public sector organizations to provide valuable information related to detailed cost data. This research shows that decentralizing recruitment in local governments can improve efficiency, effectiveness and fairness, but can also lead to corruption and disparities in the distribution of human resources. Cost control, outsourcing, and the use of Activity-Based Costing (ABC) can help public sector organizations manage costs and increase operational efficiency. To achieve better governance, operational efficiency and effective cost control, public sector organizations need to consider the various strategies and methods described in this research.

Research on Modern Corporate Cost Management and Cost Control Methods

With the continuous deepening of economic system reform and the advancement of economic structure transformation in China, the business environment for enterprises is becoming increasingly complex and competitive pressures are intensifying. In such a context, enterprises that wish to develop stably amidst fierce industry competition should actively adopt and implement modern corporate management concepts, enhancing the level of operational management comprehensively. Cost management, as a core component of modern enterprise management, is crucial not only for the economic benefits of a company but also directly relates to its market competitiveness. However, many companies still face numerous problems in cost management. To address these issues, modern enterprises must face the current situation and adopt effective measures. On the one hand, the importance of cost management should be emphasized through education to enhance everyone's awareness of costs. On the other hand, the procedures for cost accounting must be standardized to ensure the accuracy and reliability of cost data. Moreover, it is essential to continuously explore and introduce advanced cost control methods to improve the effectiveness of cost control and cost management levels, thus providing a solid guarantee for the stable and healthy development of the company and meeting the needs of sustainable development in the future.

The Activity-Based Costing System Applied in Higher Education Institutions: A Systematic Review and Mapping of the Literature

Objective: In recent years, management accounting in higher education institutions has undergone significant changes due to the various New Public Management (NPM) reforms. One of the management accounting tools that has been advised to HEIs is Activity-Based Costing (ABC). With this evolving field of research, this article aims to analyze research in international scientific journals focusing on ABC in HEIs. To this end, this article provides an overview of how research in this area has evolved. We present an overview of the past, present, and future of research in the field of the ABC model applied in HEIs. Methodology: Through a systematic literature review, the Web of Science and Scopus databases were used as a source of articles. Our analysis is based on a total of 139 articles. We used a systematic literature review combining different bibliometric techniques. These allowed us to develop a mapping of the literature on the application of the ABC model in HEIs, which helps us better understand the research related to the topic and its evolution. Results: It is concluded that the existing literature on this topic has developed along three lines of research: implementation of ABC as a cost-control method, TDABC as a time-based cost-control method, and the application of the ABC Method in health services. Originality: Based on the results found, this article identifies avenues of research that can be explored, namely the study of the application of ABC in the education sector, and provides a research agenda for future studies.

Parametrized guaranteed cost method with prescribed performance via critic‐only ADP for uncertain nonlinear systems and disturbances

AbstractIn this paper, a novel parametrized guaranteed cost control (PGCC) method with prescribed performance control (PPC) is proposed for nonlinear systems with unknown bounded uncertainties and external disturbances described by Euler‐Lagrange (EL) equations. The proposed method is capable of ensuring a robust optimal performance in the presence of dynamics constraints without the specific information of nonlinear perturbation. As a consequence, the conditions in the form of disturbances and uncertainties are also relaxed. The augmented model is converted by transforming the uncertainties and disturbances in the original system to a mismatched term using asymmetric PPC. By designing and modifying the novel guaranteed cost function to account for the maximum value of the nonlinear perturbation, an infinite‐horizon PGCC problem is proposed by the unconstrained stationary optimal control problem. The relevant proposed linear parametrized Hamilton‐Jacobian‐Bellman (PHJB) equation is approximated to solve by a critic‐only neural network (NN) with efficient computationally. Uniformly ultimately bounded stability is guaranteed via a Lyapunov‐based stability analysis. Finally, numerical simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.

Retracted: Research on Supply Chain Cost Control Method of Intelligent Manufacturing Enterprise Based on Improved IQC Algorithm

Retracted: Research on Supply Chain Cost Control Method of Intelligent Manufacturing Enterprise Based on Improved IQC Algorithm

Cost Management Evolution in Building Projects: A Review of Innovations and Challenges

Cost management in building construction is critical for project success and sustainability. This review synthesises findings from fifty-seven journal articles published between 2013 and 2023, offering vital insights for the industry. It identifies prevalent practices and challenges, such as budget forecasting, cost control methods, risk management, and integrating advanced technologies like Building Information Modelling (BIM). The study emphasizes the importance of stakeholder collaboration and effective communication in mitigating cost overruns. More importantly, it equips practitioners with actionable strategies to achieve this, providing a roadmap for successful cost management. The narrative review method provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution and current trends in cost management, empowering practitioners and researchers to improve cost efficiency in building projects. The findings highlight the need for continuous improvement in cost management strategies and motivate practitioners to commit to this, ensuring successful project delivery within budget constraints.

Cost control method of assembled building construction under digital technology

Cost control method of assembled building construction under digital technology

Cross-border e-commerce marketing cost control method for agricultural products based on reinforcement learning algorithm

Abstract In this paper, we measure the effectiveness of recommendations using the provider coverage of reinforcement learning algorithms under new media videos, using parameters smaller than the state space to estimate the value function. The reinforcement learning algorithm determines the population's state and maximum fitness by specifying the number of gene updates per generation. Based on the sample characteristics of the mixed cross-section data, the least squares benchmark regression sets the category of agricultural products and finds that the growth rate of cross-border e-commerce in agricultural products decreases from 28.57% to 11.66%, the highest logistics and distribution accuracy is 11.987, and the cross-border e-commerce in agricultural products has a coverage rate of about 5.57%. It shows that utilizing a reinforcement learning algorithm ensures the maintenance of the efficiency of e-commerce applications and can achieve a comprehensive change in sales.

Target Costing as a Production Cost Control Tool

The objective of this research was to examine how target costing was used as a tool for controlling production costs. This study was a literature review conducted using the systematic literature review (SLR) method, incorporating previous research from Google Scholar. Based on the findings of the reviewed and analyzed articles, it was evident that target costing could enhance cost efficiency in production, aiming to minimize production costs and optimize company profits. Moreover, target costing could also optimize cost efficiency by integrating environmental issues, resulting in environmentally friendly products. However, the use of target costing as a production cost control tool was considered suboptimal due to its limited scope in determining production costs. This research aimed to provide new insights into how target costing could improve cost efficiency in production and its relevance in maintaining environmental sustainability. Additionally, this study was expected to contribute to the development of environmentally friendly production cost control methods.

Improving internal control of costs for land reclamation works

Subject. This article considers the control of the costs of land reclamation work as a complex process that requires careful planning and monitoring of each stage of work. Objectives. The article aims to develop recommendations for improving the methodology of internal control of the costs of land reclamation. Methods. For the study, I used a systems approach, comparison, systematization, and generalization. Results. The article presents the author-developed working documents of internal control of the costs of land reclamation, which will help optimize the implementation of control measures. Conclusions and Relevance. Based on the analysis of existing methods of internal cost control, the article finds that they do not pay enough attention to the systematization of the results of control procedures. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of applying the developed recommendations in the internal control of the costs of land reclamation in order to improve the effectiveness of control measures. The implementation of the proposed recommendations for improving the methodological support of internal control of the costs of land reclamation work will make it possible to form an objective conclusion on the results of the audit and provide the management of the agricultural organization with information for making management decisions.

Robust adaptive guaranteed cost tracking control for high‐order nonlinear systems with uncertainties based on high‐order fully actuated system approaches

AbstractThis article investigates the robust adaptive guaranteed cost tracking (RAGCT) control problems for two class of high‐order nonlinear systems with time‐varying uncertainties. A special nonlinear function, named as the local smooth nonlinear function, is introduced, which is crucial for our controller design. Then, using the function and the recently proposed high‐order fully actuated (HOFA) system approaches, a novel RAGCT controller for HOFA system with time‐varying uncertainty is designed, which guarantees the global boundedness of the closed‐loop system within finite time. Then, based on the result about the above HOFA system, the RAGCT controller for a class of strict‐feedback systems with high‐order form and time‐varying uncertainties is obtained, which also guarantees that the closed‐loop system is globally bounded within finite time. Most importantly, two designed controllers can preset arbitrarily the upper bounds of cost functions characterizing the tracking performance independent of the system initial values and the time‐varying uncertainties, which optimizes greatly the system tracking performance, and is difficult to achieve by using existing guaranteed cost control methods. Finally, two simulation examples including one‐link manipulator are provided to show the effect and the practicability of our proposed control method.

Analisis Penerapan Target Costing sebagai Sistem Pengendalian Biaya Produksi pada UD. Era Jaya Kota Sibolga

This study aims to implement Target Costing as a production cost control system at UD. Era Jaya City of Sibolga, using a quantitative descriptive approach. Descriptive analysis is used to provide an overview and detailed explanation of the problems studied. The results of this study are 1). The application of target costing to the Era Jaya Trading Business in Sibolga City can reduce production costs by up to 9% to 13% 2). Able to save production costs for making 2-door and 3-door cabinets of Rp. 96,620 and Rp. 159,119. 3). Successfully reduced production costs for 2 and 3 door cabinets, with a reduction in production cost of Rp. 92,620 and Rp. 159,119. The conclusion is that by applying target costing, Era Jaya Trading Enterprises, Sibolga City can save production costs by up to 9% to 13%, which acts as a means of controlling production costs in the manufacture of 2-door and 3-door cabinets without reducing the quality of production results, thus enabling increased profits. optimally by maintaining a competitive selling price in the market. The next researcher suggests considering the variation of variables associated with the implementation of target costing, and considering the use of kaizen costing and value engineering as additional cost control methods, to avoid repetition of previous studies. thereby enabling an optimal increase in profit by maintaining a competitive selling price in the market. The next researcher suggests considering the variation of variables associated with the implementation of target costing, and considering the use of kaizen costing and value engineering as additional cost control methods, to avoid repetition of previous studies. thereby enabling an optimal increase in profit by maintaining a competitive selling price in the market. The next researcher suggests considering the variation of variables associated with the implementation of target costing, and considering the use of kaizen costing and value engineering as additional cost control methods, to avoid repetition of previous studies.

Value Engineering in Mutiara Gading Bekasi City Housing Project

Value Engineering is a method or technique of cost control. This technique uses an approach by analyzing the value with its function where the process taken is to reduce cost reduction while still paying attention to its position. Housing prices have increased drastically yearly in the Mutiara Gading City housing project. Therefore, selecting construction materials is critical to efficient project planning. In the Mutiara Gading City housing project, there are several construction works, wall work, floor work, and sill and window work, one of the jobs with the highest cost so that it can do value engineering. This study aims to obtain alternative proposed materials and the best choices for wall, floor, sill, and window work. Therefore, Value Engineering is needed to eliminate unnecessary costs and effort. So that the value or price of the project can be reduced, in its application, Value Engineering consists of 4 stages, namely the information stage, the creative stage, the analysis stage, and the recommendation stage. The results showed that for wall masonry work, a savings of Rp. 369,203,509.67 or 24.31% of the initial cost was obtained for floor work, a savings of Rp. 39,304,125.00 or 8.60% of the initial cost, and obtained cost savings of Rp for work sills and windows. 22,082,604.07 or 6.51% of the initial cost. Of all the selected work items, a total savings of Rp. 430,590,238.74 or 7.01% of Rp. 6,139,876,202.60 total project cost, which includes 35 housing units.

The Cost Control Analysis and Countermeasure Research of Haier Based on the Multiple Regression Analysis

This paper analyzes the total operating cost of Haier Electric by adopting the SPSS software and multiple regression analysis, and tries to find out the most significant factors that affect the cost control of Haier Electric. It also adopts the trend analysis method to analyze the financial indicators of Haier Electric on the significant factors in recent years. The results show that Haier Electric has a poor cost control on these factors. Finally, combined with the data and the company's characteristics, we try to put forward some suggestions on how to improve the cost control strategy and methods of Haier Electric.

CONSTRUCTION COST CONTROL FOR ROAD PROJECTS IN THE CONTEXT OF MALAYSIAN CONTRACTORS

Cost overrun is a common problem in the construction industry. Cost overrun occurs when the actual cost exceeds the budgeted, estimated, original, or target cost. Implementing cost control is complicated since it must evaluate many things, such as budget, project cash flow, cost performance, and others. In road construction projects, cost overrun is typical even though cost control has been practised. Road construction in Malaysia can be observed to have cost problems, and cost control practised in the industry needs to be improved. This research aims to analyse the present methods of cost control utilised by contractors in road projects and propose possible strategies to improve cost control in enhancing project cost performance. The objectives of this research are to investigate the practices of cost control in road projects by the contractors, to assess the problems encountered, and to suggest possible strategies to overcome the problems. This research employs a quantitative method by conducting a survey questionnaire as an approach to data collection. A total of 160 questionnaires were distributed to G5, G6, and G7 contractors, while only 32 questionnaires were received. However, only 27 respondents were involved in a road project. The data obtained were analysed by using Microsoft Excel. Based on the results, cost control practices in road projects include record keeping, financial reports, valuation of work in progress, work programmes, approximate quantities method, cost control at the site, and daily labour controlling. Next, the problems encountered include obtaining standard data, change of works from variation order, changes of design, instability of material prices, and inaccurate quantity take-off. Lastly, the strategies to overcome the problems include practising effective strategic planning, practising effective site management, providing detailed descriptions of Bill of Quantities (BQ), utilising cost value comparison, and ensuring the cost budget is realistic.

Analysis for the Development of Nintendo Based on SWOT Model

Nintendo Company Limited is a Japanese multinational corporation headquartered in Kyoto, Japan. Over the years, the company has evolved into an influential video game console and software development company, producing and selling hardware and software for its video game systems. The video game industry is dominated by Microsoft, SONY, and Nintendo. Companies have promoted the rapid development of the game market through cost control, technological innovation, and other methods, under the guidance of their own competitive strategies, and through fierce competition. The three companies have been battling for market supremacy for many years. This paper will analyze the strategy adopted by Nintendo, which is one of the leading brands in the consumer electronics sector, through SWOT analysis, and analyze the advantages, disadvantages, opportunities, and threats of Nintendo's strategy. In order to find out the shortcomings of the strategy adopted by Nintendo, and give the recommendation to assure success. Nintendo’s strength not only owns the most popular intellectual property of characters like Mario but is also extremely popular in the world. In terms of weakness, the company’s replenishment is not active and has many fake goods. What’s more, the Switch and other products also have some problems. For its opportunity, Nintendo has an economic, policy, and technological prospects. At the same time, there are some adverse factors in the external environment. However, in terms of threat, Nintendo now has a lot of competition in the market. Changing player preferences and demographic shifts also threaten its growth.