Conflict Resolution Methods Research Articles

Teachers’ Roles in Coping with School Violence from the Perspectives of Prospective Teachers: A Q Methodological Approach

This study explores prospective teachers’ perceptions of school violence and their role in addressing it. Using a mixed method called Q methodology, we quantitatively analyzed the subjective views of 37 prospective teachers. Based on 33 statements, the study categorizes teachers’ roles in managing school violence and analyzes the characteristics of each role type. The research results provide basic data for prospective teachers to develop their capabilities as experts in dealing with school violence. The study identifies the following three types of teachers: prevention-oriented (Type 1), reality-avoiding (Type 2), and legal-regulation-oriented (Type 3). Type 1 emphasizes that teachers can significantly prevent school violence and believes that trusting relationships between teachers and students are key to reducing school violence. Type 2 teachers tend to ignore school violence out of fear of harm, even though they acknowledge its seriousness. Type 3 emphasizes the strict enforcement of legal responsibilities and rules, believing that clear regulations and punishments are essential for reducing school violence. This study highlights the need for customized educational programs that reflect the characteristics of different teacher types in handling school violence. It suggests incorporating practical strategies for preventing and responding to school violence in teacher training, expanding mental-health education, and promoting cooperative conflict-resolution methods between students and teachers.

AUTOCOMPOSIÇÃO NO ÂMBITO DA JUSTIÇA CONSTITUCIONAL

The Federal Constitution of 1988 advocates justice as the supreme value of a fraternal, pluralistic and unprejudiced society, founded on social harmony and committed, in the internal and international order, to the peaceful resolution of disputes. We sought to analyze how self-composition has been implemented within the scope of constitutional justice. The study was carried out through bibliographical research and critical analysis. Self-composition has the ability to humanize the judiciary as it encourages dialogue and changes the course of the social culture of litigation, focusing on a more pacifying, conciliatory and dialectical culture. It gives the parties the power to adapt the best solution to that conflict, and it is possible that the solution best suited to the parties may be completely counterintuitive, but it will be the one that will completely extinguish the dispute and, therefore, be the fairest for the parties. Aiming to implement self-composition in processes within its jurisdiction, the Federal Supreme Court published successive Resolutions creating centers for alternative methods of conflict resolution.

A Metaphysical Investigation into the Role of Marketing in Mitigating International Conflicts

This study explores the potential of marketing to resolve international conflicts by integrating metaphysical insights. Traditionally seen as an economic tool, marketing can influence societal norms and foster interconnectedness, contributing to peacebuilding efforts. The paper examines traditional conflict resolution methods such as diplomacy, sanctions, and military interventions, highlighting their limitations. It argues that marketing strategies can transform societal perceptions and promote cooperation when aligned with metaphysical principles such as collective consciousness and empathy. The paper also encourages marketers to use Nudge Theory for ethical engagement and behavioral change, emphasizing long-term gains over short-term disputes. By addressing gaps in the literature, this paper underscores the need for further exploration of the metaphysical dimensions of marketing in conflict resolution. It concludes by suggesting that marketing offers a promising alternative to traditional methods for fostering a more harmonious and interconnected global society.

DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF BUGIS MAKASSAR CULTURE IN TARUNG SARUNG MOVIE

This research aims to find out how the representation of Bugis Makassar culture in Tarung Sarung movie. The research method used is discourse analysis with Stuart Hall's Representation theory approach that can be used to describe how the director represents the existing scenes. The subjects in this study are several scenes depicting Makassar Bugis culture in Tarung Sarung movie in the movie. Data were collected through observation and literature study. The results showed that Tarung Sarong movie represented various aspects of Bugis Makassar culture, including Tarung Sarong culture, wedding procession, conflict resolution method, housewarming custom, and typical food. The findings provide insight into how local culture can be articulated through film media and enrich cultural studies in the context of mass media.

Telerobotic Intergroup Contact: Acceptance and Preferences in Israel and Palestine.

We explore telerobotics as a novel form of intergroup communication. In this form, remotely operated robots facilitate embodied and situated intergroup contact between groups in conflict over long distances, potentially reducing prejudice and promoting positive social change. Based on previous conceptual frameworks and design hypotheses, we conducted a survey on the acceptance and preferences of the telerobotic medium in Israel and Palestine. We analyzed the responses using a mixed-method approach. The results shed light on differences in attitudes between the groups and design considerations for telerobots when used for intergroup contact. This study serves as a foundation for the implementation of a novel method of technology-enhanced conflict resolution in the field.

The Relevance of Traditional Mechanisms of Conflict Resolution to End Localized Communal Conflicts in Africa

Though the “local turn” in peacebuilding increased interest in traditional methods of conflict resolution, a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of these methods vis-à-vis hybrid and modern approaches is only just emerging. This paper adds to this nascent body of research by analyzing the trends in the applications and effectiveness of different communal conflict resolution approaches to end localized conflict in Africa. The paper found out that in communal conflicts with an annual conflict-death of 25 or more, the type of conflict resolution method used and the intensity of the conflict influence the effectiveness of a communal peace agreement. This result is in line with the hypothesis that traditional mechanisms are comparatively more effective than hybrid and modern methods. In communal conflicts with less than 25 annual deaths, hybrid approaches appear to be as effective as traditional methods, though our confidence in this result is tempered by the limited size of our sample and the lack of control over ‘conflict intensity’ as a relevant variable.

La mediación en el ámbito de familia, niñez y adolescencia, como método efectivo para optimizar el sistema procesal en la ciudad de Milagro

Mediation as an alternative method of conflict resolution is recognised in Ecuadorian legislation, that is, in our Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador, in the Law of Arbitration and Mediation, as well as in the Organic Code of Childhood and Adolescence, and other regulations that refer to it. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness in the area of family, children and adolescents, as a mechanism to decongest the procedural system in the city of Milagro. The research focused on a mixed, descriptive, explanatory and propositional system that allowed us to understand the procedural phenomenon and to make a proposal with the aim of optimising the principle of procedural speed and economy. In the same way, empirical level methods, methods of analysis and documentary review, theoretical level methods and techniques and instruments such as interviews and surveys were used. For this reason, the proposal was made, which implies the obligatory nature of an act of impossibility of mediation that accompanies the lawsuit, prior to the initiation of a judicial process, which promotes the achievement of amicable, fast and satisfactory agreements, as well as the decongestion of the Ecuadorian justice system, based on factors such as speed, confidentiality and a lower amount of expenses for the processing of the process, and safeguards the welfare and interest of minors. A culture of peace prevails between parties, where an agreement is reached that is centred on their needs, contributing to a fair, equitable and collaborative society.

Comparative analysis of mediation in the legislation of Kazakhstan and the People’s Republic of China

This study addressed the growing importance of mediation in the legal frameworks of Kazakhstan and the Peopleʼs Republic of China, focused on the need for more efficient conflict resolution methods in both countries. The aim of this research was to explore the specific features of mediation as defined by the laws of these two nations, highlighting the similarities and differences in their legal systems. A variety of methods were employed in the study, including the comparative legal method, formal-legal analysis, and the method of synthesis and comparison. The analysis revealed that both Kazakhstan and China have developed robust frameworks for mediation, though they differ significantly in their cultural and legal approaches. In Kazakhstan, the mediation process is formalized and heavily regulated, with a strong emphasis on the certification and professionalization of mediators. In contrast, Chinaʼs system, rooted in Confucian traditions, allows for a more community-based approach with a broader scope, including minor criminal cases. The study found that while both countries value mediation as a non-adversarial means of conflict resolution, there is a need for further legislative development, particularly in Kazakhstan, to enhance public understanding and prevent potential abuses of the mediation system. Additionally, the study highlights the role of public education and the importance of integrating mediation into state-citizen dispute resolution processes. The practical value of this research lies in its potential use by policymakers and legal professionals in Kazakhstan and China, as it provides insights into improving mediation frameworks and ensuring their effectiveness in addressing modern societal conflicts

Inheritance legal pluralism and gender justice: a court room study in Indonesia

One of the topics in the legendary legacy of legal pluralism from Keebet Benda-Beckmann was the issue of inheritance law. The study of inheritance is a window into the workings of legal pluralism, where contestation, negotiation among diverse laws takes place, which then gives birth to the new laws. This research reflects Keebet’s theoretical legacy, although her research was on matrilineal societies in West Sumatra, mine on bilateral societies in West Java. This study examines the position of women in inheritance cases through the eyes of judges as seen in court verdicts and empirical data. It illustrates how judges can think progressively and innovate the law through their decisions, but on the other hand they can’t because they are too limited by the black letter of the law. It also demonstrates that legal pluralism involves more than just selecting between Islamic or state inheritance laws and encompasses various methods of conflict resolution. Nevertheless, disputes regarding inheritance justice for women are greatly influenced by economic, social, cultural, and political factors that range from the familial and communal levels to the State

INNOVATIVE APPROACHES THROUGH INTERFAITH DIALOGUE FOR RESOLVING FARMERS-HERDERS DISPUTES IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA’S SELECTED COMMUNITIES

This study explores the farmer-herder conflict in Southwest Nigeria and the potential of interfaith dialogue as a novel approach to achieving sustainable peace. The paper argues that traditional methods of conflict resolution have proven inadequate and highlights the transformative potential of dialogue in fostering empathy, understanding, and collaboration between these often-antagonistic groups. Drawing on a multi-pronged methodological approach that combines secondary source analysis with primary data collected through interviews with key stakeholders, the research delves into the root causes of the conflict, including population growth, resource scarcity, and historical grievances. The paper emphasizes the devastating consequences of these clashes, including internal displacement, livelihood destruction, and loss of life. Through the lens of Leonard Swidler's Decalogue of Dialogue, the study outlines a framework for interfaith dialogue initiatives. This framework emphasizes open communication, mutual respect, a willingness to learn from each other, and a commitment to finding common ground. The research highlights the importance of addressing underlying grievances while also promoting innovative solutions such as sustainable cattle rearing practices and collaborative land-use policies. The study concludes that by implementing interfaith dialogue strategies alongside educational components, economic incentives for peaceful coexistence, and social interaction programs, stakeholders can cultivate a culture of peace and build a more prosperous future for all communities involved. This research contributes to the field of conflict resolution by advocating for a nuanced approach that acknowledges the religious dimensions of the farmer-herder conflict while emphasizing the importance of intergroup dialogue and collaboration. The emphasis on interfaith dialogue as a tool for peace-building offers a valuable addition to existing scholarship on conflict resolution in Southwest Nigeria. Limitations of the study include its focus on a specific region and the reliance on self-reported data from interviews. Future research should explore the long-term effectiveness of interfaith dialogue initiatives and investigate their applicability in diverse cultural contexts. By continuing to refine and expand the toolkit of interfaith dialogue, scholars and practitioners can make significant strides towards fostering peace and social cohesion in conflict-ridden regions.

The Ceremony of Receiving Ambassadresses at the Russian Court of the Eighteenth Century

During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the European system of international relations underwent significant changes, marked by the institutional development of diplomatic services and the establishment of more coherent diplomatic ceremonials. Resident embassies became common, introducing the presence of female relatives of diplomats who actively participated in the life of the diplomatic corps. The growing presence of ambassadresses played a transformative role in early modern diplomatic culture, contributing to the development of gendered diplomatic ceremonials. Drawing on relevant approaches to the study of the ‘new diplomatic history’ and using archival material from the Archive of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire, this article examines the diplomatic ceremonial of ambassadorial spouses at the eighteenth-century Russian court. It examines the presentation of ambassadors’ wives at court, the implementation of protocol, and issues of etiquette that became sources of contention between ‘ambassadresses’ and the St Petersburg court, as well as methods of conflict resolution. The study of the reception ceremony for ‘foreign ladies’ reveals that, although it was governed by legal norms, it depended heavily on the Russian monarch’s personal attitude towards the ambassador and ambassadress, as well as the country they represented.

Ecological Safety and Regional Cooperation in the Asia-Pacific

On August 24, 2023, the discharge of nuclear-contaminated water from Fukushima into the ocean, an action that has sparked widespread concern and apprehension within the international community, particularly among nations in the Asia-Pacific region. This issue transcends mere environmental concerns, touching upon transnational cooperation and regional policy coordination. The strategic significance of the Asia-Pacific region in international studies is underscored by the concentration of multiple national powers engaging in complex strategic games to achieve their respective national interests and objectives. This paper aims to outline the context of nuclear wastewater discharge, analyze the potential environmental risks, and explore the threats to the marine ecological safety of neighboring countries. It discusses how this decision has become both a challenge and an opportunity for cooperation among Asia-Pacific nations in terms of environmental protection and marine ecological safety. Additionally, the paper employs the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution (GMCR) method, based on existing multilateral cooperation frameworks such as regional marine cooperation organizations and international legal norms, to study the challenges and opportunities for regional cooperation in the context of nuclear wastewater discharge. This research may offer insights and guidance for mitigating current threats to marine ecological safety in the Asia-Pacific, and for constructing a more sustainable and resilient regional marine governance structure.

The legal policy in fostering the use of alternative dispute resolution procedures

The complications of social relations contribute to the growth of the number of disputes that result from conflict situations. In these conditions, the role of the state’s legal policy, aimed at stimulating the participants of social relations to choose economical, efficient, and prompt methods of conflict resolution, is significantly increasing. Improving the quality of dispute resolution directly correlates with a drop in the number of cases pending before a judge. This is achievable only through the development of the mechanisms of pre-trial dispute resolution and conciliation procedures. This paper aims to study legal issues and perspectives on the development of alternative dispute resolution based on the analysis of the legal policy of the Russian Federation. To achieve the mentioned goal, comparative legal analysis, a systemic approach, and formal-juridical methods were used to show the current developments of the legal policy of the Russian Federation in the sphere of stimulating and incentivizing alternative dispute resolution. Authors concluded that, unlike the domestic legal order, in foreign states, there is not only a formed normative basis for the procedures of alternative dispute resolution but also political acts of stimulating tone, designed to actively involved in these procedures more and more participants of social relations in a state of conflict. It has been established that the legal policy on introducing alternative dispute resolution procedures in foreign legal orders is characterized by a shifted emphasis on family law.

Papua Conflict: An Article Review from the Best Conflict Resolution Method

This article is aimed to review conflict resolution process of Armed Criminal Group in Papua (KKB). This study is a scientific-article review using comparison technique, which compares horse trading method, counter-insurgency (COIN) model, and Military Operations Other Than War (OMSP) to later review the best method in conflict resolution and renew or develop it. This study starts from revealing the background of Armed Criminal Group (KKB) happening in Papua, and then discussing conflict resolution process referring to the separatist movement development from KKB using horse trading method, which is proven effective to resolve this conflict if it is supported by the trust between two parties to have a dialogue where both parties are allowed to deliver their purposes openly. It is different from the application of McCormick’s COIN strategy model which narrowly fails in resolving Papua conflict, and even is possible to create a chance of the new dynamics’ existence in its international dimension, so it is needed to have a new interpretation towards COIN model in Papua, which is by giving solution to conflict-root elimination instead of total elimination by military. Meanwhile, applying Military Operations Other Than War approach (OMSP) is mandatory which is done by every country in order to tackle separatism movements. By those three models mentioned earlier, several strategic steps are formulated later in conflict resolution of Armed Criminal Group (KKB) in Papua.

Conflict elimination based on opinion dynamics in fuzzy group decision-making

The different preferences of experts in fuzzy group decision-making problems will lead to conflict, which hinders the reaching of consensus. In present conflict management techniques, local conflict among individual experts or the overall level of conflict is often concerned. This paper deals with conflict relations by opinion dynamics to resolve the whole and local conflicts among experts. This paper proposes a conflict resolution method based on opinion dynamics, which mainly includes three parts: (1) trust propagation: taking the consistency index into account in the propagation of trust, aiming at making as objective an assessment as possible of the competence and social status of experts; (2) conflict detection and elimination: reducing conflicts to an acceptable level through multiple rounds of preference adjustment according to the harmony degree; (3) alternatives selection: proposing a scoring function combining extent superiority with number superiority to score and rank the alternatives. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed method.

The Transcendence of Conflict Resolution in Society (Social Policy) and Business Organization

Conflicts are present everywhere in both societal interactions and business environments, often leading to damaging consequences if left unaddressed. Traditional conflict resolution methods typically focus on tangible outcomes and compromises, often neglecting the basic emotional and psychological aspects. This paper advocates for a departure from conventional pattern by proposing a supernatural approach to conflict resolution. Integrating sociological and business organization lenses to offer comprehensive insights and strategies. Drawing upon a mixture of philosophical, spiritual, sociological, and psychological framework, this paper offers alternative perspectives and strategies for addressing conflicts. Through an interdisciplinary approach, the paper incorporates concepts such as social identity theory, organizational behavior, and strategic management. We endeavor to go beyond traditional boundaries and explore innovative pathways. The study investigates how social structures, power dynamics, and cultural norms intersect with mindfulness, empathy, and affiliation to shape conflicts and inform conflict resolution practices in both societal and business contexts. By going beyond the conventional patterns, the paper aims to promote deeper understanding, empathy, and sustainable resolutions conducive to harmony and growth within communities and organizations.

Carok Culture’s Impact on Law Enforcement in Bangkalan Madura: A Fascinating Case Study

Carok, a distinct cultural practice, is deeply entrenched in the societal fabric of the Bangkalan Madura community. Historically, it has been their primary method of resolving intricate issues, particularly those centred on wealth, honour, and disputes involving women. This culturally specific method of conflict resolution prompted an in-depth study. The primary objective was to discern to what extent law enforcement officers in Bangkalan Madura were influenced by Carok, a practice so interwoven into the community’s daily life. Furthermore, it aimed to gauge the impact of the Carok culture specifically on the procedures and perspectives of the local police. The findings from this investigation were enlightening. It became evident that the Carok tradition isn’t merely a fringe cultural practice but is, in fact, acknowledged and recognised by a significant portion of the Bangkalan community as a legitimate approach to problem-solving. This deep-rooted cultural acceptance has ramifications for the legal system. When it comes to upholding the law and seeking justice, both the police force and the prosecutor’s office in Bangkalan face a unique set of challenges, unparalleled in communities without such ingrained traditions. These challenges arise because of the profound respect and recognition that the Carok practice commands. As a result, conventional legal methods, designed without the considerations of such cultural nuances, often fall short. They find themselves rendered ineffective, if not entirely redundant, against Carok practitioners. This tension between cultural respect and legal enforcement is a poignant reflection of the complexities of integrating traditional customs within the modern rule of law.

Reconciliation of the parties: the role of mediation in the resolution of administrative conflicts

This article is dedicated to discussing «The role of mediation in resolving administrative disputes?». In the modern world, where conflicts are an inevitable part of interaction, it is important for society to find effective and peaceful methods of resolution. In this context, mediation is particularly relevant, useful, and valuable as a tool for administrative relations, as it allows parties to involve competent mediators for effective resolution of administrative issues in case of legal violations by subjects. Mediation is a new practice in many European countries (Poland, Bulgaria, Estonia, Sweden) and is expanding as an alternative to judicial procedures. This method aims to reconcile and coordinate issues between conflicting parties, especially in the administrative sphere where there are various interests and positions, including general public relations: business, education, relations with government entities. With each passing year, there is an increase in the number of lawsuits filed in administrative courts. To simplify the work of administrative authorities, judicial and extrajudicial methods of conflict resolution are used. The use of mediation methods can ensure effective resolution of disputes without the need for significant resources spent on judicial procedures. It is important to consider the key aspects of the role of mediation in resolving administrative conflicts and its importance for building harmonious relations in society. Successful implementation of mediation methods contributes not only to conflict resolution but also to increasing mutual understanding between ordinary individuals (citizens, stateless persons, foreigners) and the state, promoting trust, creating sustainable and long-term solutions that satisfy the needs of both parties. Unlike the European Union, Ukrainian society is at an early stage of using mediation as a complex process for conflict resolution. The relevance and problematic nature of the topic lie in the lack of information among ordinary citizens about the mediation process as a method of resolving critical issues. Effective use of mediation in the administrative process requires qualified mediators who are competent and knowledgeable about the specifics of resolving such issues. Questions also arise regarding the use of the mediation process due to the lack of a clear methodology.

Collaborative Methods of Resolving Road Graphic Conflicts Based on Cartographic Rules and Generalization Operations

The resolution of road graphic conflicts is a key aspect of map generalization, which involves both scale reduction and the symbolization of map features. This study proposes collaborative methods of road graphic conflict resolution considering different road characteristics. These methods consider both geometric and semantic characteristics, and they incorporate the bend characteristics of roads, the road symbol size, and road semantics. Constrained Delaunay triangulation skeleton lines are used to categorize road graphic conflicts, which are made up of four independent conflict types and four group conflict types. Based on their characteristics, three collaborative methods are designed to deal with the different types of road graphic conflicts: collaboration between deletion and the snake displacement model, collaboration between the snake displacement model and collinearity, and collaboration among simplification, smoothing, and the beam displacement model. Two types of independent conflicts can be processed using only one simple operation. This study summarizes the cartographic rules for resolving road graphic conflicts, and these are used along with geometric features to drive the collaborative methods or one simple operation presented here. The experimental results indicate that the method proposed in this study can effectively resolve road graphic conflicts.

Mediation and the feasibility of aplication in contraventional processes of violence against women and members of the family nucleus in Ecuador

The Ecuadorian State maintains a legal system with a guarantees tint, which is why it protects the constitutional rights of the legal subjects that inhabit it. However, the Ecuadorian culture itself has been responsible for establishing inequalities, putting women in a situation of vulnerability, causing gender violence that, currently in Ecuador, has increased drastically. Through this research, we seek to analyze the way in which mediation as an alternative method of conflict resolution can help women who are victims of violence without having to exhaust judicial instances, which on many occasions becomes ineffective due to the very nature of these. criminal infractions, as well as due to the procedural congestion that exists within the Judicial Units Against Violence against Women and Members of the Family Nucleus. Through a qualitative research approach, which will allow observing the object of study to determine if it is appropriate and above all the feasibility of mediation as a tool for contravention procedures of violence against women or members of the family nucleus, in order to counteract this conflict quickly and effectively.