Methods Of Organic Chemistry Research Articles

Theilheimer’s Synthetic Methods of Organic Chemistry. Volume 73

Theilheimer’s Synthetic Methods of Organic Chemistry. Volume 73

Chemical and structural diversity in eumelanins: unexplored bio-optoelectronic materials.

Eumelanins, the characteristic black, insoluble, and heterogeneous biopolymers of human skin, hair, and eyes, have intrigued and challenged generations of chemists, physicists, and biologists because of their unique structural and optoelectronic properties. Recently, the methods of organic chemistry have been combined with advanced spectroscopic and imaging techniques, theoretical calculations, and methods of condensed-matter physics to gradually force these materials to reveal their secrets. Herein we review the latest advances in the field with a view to showing how the emerging knowledge is not only helping to explain eumelanin functionality, but may also be translated into effective strategies for exploiting their properties to create a new class of biologically inspired high-tech materials.

Comparative study of the N-isobutyl-(2E,6Z)-dodecadienamide chemical and electrochemical syntheses

In order to show the advantages and limitations of organic electrosynthesis in the total synthesis of a natural product, one of the promising green chemistry techniques in organic chemistry, the synthesis of N-isobutyl-(2E,6Z)-dodecadienamide (3) was undertaken. Chemical and electrochemical routes that use the same intermediates were used to carry out the syntheses. Four reactions were compared from a green chemistry point of view in the synthesis of 3: (a) alcohol to aldehyde oxidation, (b) the Horner–Emmons reaction, (c) carboxylic acid amidation with triphenylphosphonium ions and (d) the Wittig reaction. All the electrolyses were carried out in non-divided cells at a constant current. The electrochemical method in the oxidation reaction of alcohols and the carboxylic acid amidation gave better yields (95% and 67%, respectively) than the corresponding chemical reactions. The Horner–Emmons reaction gave the same yields in both techniques (80–85%); however, the electrochemical method was more environmentally friendly, due to the fact that the base used was electrogenerated, avoiding corrosive and sensitive base manipulation. Finally, the electrochemical Wittig reaction was unsuccessful in the different experimental conditions attempted, and only the chemical method produced the target product. This study demonstrated that organic electrochemistry can be a reliable method for the synthesis of important intermediates, but not all electrochemical reactions can compete with the already well-established methods of organic chemistry.

Some aspects of the chemical behavior of icosahedral carboranes

Important features of the chemical behavior of icosahedral carboranes are considered. The ways of introducing functional groups at the carbon and boron atoms of carboranes by conventional methods of organic chemistry and methods applicable only to carboranes are discussed. The latter methods include transformations of dicarbadodecaborate(14) dianions. Examples of the enantiomeric resolution of optically active carboranes, whose chirality is associated with the molecular asymmetry, are given. The diversity of chemical transformations of carboranes is exemplified by intramolecular nucleophilic rearrangements, cross-coupling reactions, and the formation of chelate metallacycles.

Computational Methods in Organic Chemistry. 3. Correction of Computed Enthalpies for Multiple Conformations

The first explicitly calculated G3(MP2) enthalpies and Gibbs energies of formation for undecane through eicosane are presented. These values, when corrected for the presence of multiple conformations, are found to be within 4 and often 2 kJ/mol of the experimental values. The derivation of the corrections for the enthalpies, which differ from those of the Gibbs energies published earlier, is presented and also applied to the first 10 homologues of the alkene, alkyne, alcohol, and thiol families.

The Electron: The Simplest Chemical Reagent

In this manuscript some new aspects of electroorganic synthesis as a powerful method in organic chemistry are presented. Since the development of the Kolbe reaction in 1854 electrosynthesis has become more and more important in organic chemistry due to its following characteristics: unique selectivity because of in situ formation of an active species at the interface, inversion in polarity by transfer of electron and variability in product formation by control of potential. [2] The most dominant advantage of using this chemical reagent are its adaptability to technology and flexibility in use. The use of water or ionic liquids ­instead of toxic solvents, room temperature condition, high energy efficiency and using the electrode as electron source instead of toxic reagents are in accord with the principle of green chemistry. [3a] Using nanomaterials in the electrode and the synthesis of nanomaterials based on electrochemical polymerization are interfaces with nanotechnology. [4] The use of modified electrodes or electrochemical mediators increases product yields. [5] Also, modification with enzymes provides highest chemo-, ­regio- and stereoselectivity, which is compatible with scopes of biochemistry. [6]

Theilheimer's Synthetic Methods of Organic Chemistry, Volume 68 Edited by Alan F. Finch (Cambridge). S. Karger AG and the Thomson Corporation: Basel, Switzerland. 2005. xxvi + 398 pp. $632.00. ISBN 3-8055-7989-6.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook ReviewNEXTTheilheimer's Synthetic Methods of Organic Chemistry, Volume 68 Edited by Alan F. Finch (Cambridge). S. Karger AG and the Thomson Corporation: Basel, Switzerland. 2005. xxvi + 398 pp. $632.00. ISBN 3-8055-7989-6.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 19, 6521–6522Publication Date (Web):April 22, 2006Publication History Published online22 April 2006Published inissue 1 May 2006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja069704kCopyright © 2006 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (15 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Organic chemistry Get e-Alerts

Theilheimer's Synthetic Methods of Organic Chemistry, Volume 67, 2005 Edited by Alan F. Finch (Cambridge). S. Karger AG and the Thomson Corporation: Basel, Switzerland. 2005. xxviii + 398 pp. $632.00. ISBN 3-8055-7988-8.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook ReviewNEXTTheilheimer's Synthetic Methods of Organic Chemistry, Volume 67, 2005 Edited by Alan F. Finch (Cambridge). S. Karger AG and the Thomson Corporation: Basel, Switzerland. 2005. xxviii + 398 pp. $632.00. ISBN 3-8055-7988-8.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 2, 667Publication Date (Web):November 24, 2005Publication History Published online24 November 2005Published inissue 1 January 2006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0598210Copyright © 2006 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views58Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (21 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Organic chemistry Get e-Alerts

Physical Organic Perspectives on Phospho Group Transfer from Phosphates and Phosphinates

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.

Editorial [Hot Topic: Analytical Methods in Organic Chemistry (Guest Editors: Atta-ur-Rahman and Klaus-Peter Zeller)

Editorial [Hot Topic: Analytical Methods in Organic Chemistry (Guest Editors: Atta-ur-Rahman and Klaus-Peter Zeller)

Trifuoroperacetic acid in consecutive Criegee rearrangement and carboxonium ions generation

Recent achievements in the use of trifluoroperacetic acid (TFPAA) in consecutive Criegee rearrangement are covered in this review. Consecutive Criegee rearrangement promoted by TFPAA represents a new approach to this classic method in organic chemistry. The concept of selective double and triple O-insertion is described through the analysis of kinetic data, the overview of synthetic examples and studies of the reaction mechanisms. TFPAA in trifluoroacetic acid (TFAA) media is introduced as a specific reagent for consecutive Criegee rearrangement and for stable carboxonium ion generation. Heterolytic decarboxylation and bisperfluoroacyl peroxide synthesis are discussed as miscellaneous and useful reactions.

Physical Organic Perspectives on Phospho Group Transfer From Phosphates and Phosphinates

As phosphoryl transfer reactions are ubiquitous in biological chemistry, organic chemists have been very interested in the mechanisms of phosphate and phosphinate esters. Physical organic chemistry methods, including stereochemical studies, linear free energy relationships, and, most recently, heavy-atom kinetic isotope effects, have been used in the quest for mechanistic information about the chemistry of these compounds. This review summarizes what has been learned about the uncatalyzed phosphoryl transfer reactions of phosphate and phosphinate esters. Keywords: dianions, hydrolysis, phosphorothioate analogs, isotope, solvolysis

Justus Liebig and animal chemistry.

Justus Liebig was one of the individuals making chemistry almost a German monopoly in the 19th century. At Giessen he established the first organic chemistry laboratory and offered a systematic course for training new chemists. His comprehensive survey of plant nutrition changed the nature of scientific agriculture. In a study of animal chemistry, Liebig treated physiologic processes as chemical reactions and inferred the transformations from the chemical properties of the elements and compounds in laboratory reactions. He constructed hypothetical chemical equations derived from the formulae of the participating compounds. Liebig generalized that all organic nitrogenous constituents of the body are derived from plant protein and demonstrated how the application of quantitative methods of organic chemistry can be applied to the investigation of the animal organism. Liebig's theories were attractive, but his method of converting one substance to another by moving atoms around on paper was speculative because of the lack of knowledge as to how the elements were arranged. His dynamic personality helped win widespread acceptance by many, but others were antagonized by his wishful thinking and speculative excesses. Liebig's views on catalysis and fermentation brought him into a controversy with Louis Pasteur. Liebig's Animal Chemistry stimulated an interest in clinical chemistry because it introduced a quantitative method into physiological chemistry. However, the isolated pieces of test results on blood and urine were unconnected and did not fit anywhere. Physicians found that chemistry was not helpful at the bedside and they lost interest in its application.

Solid-phase synthesis of heterocyclic aromates: applicability towards combinatorial chemistry; a review.

Because of their biological activity, stability in vivo, the rigid spatial positioning of their substituents, and their synthetic challenges, heterocyclic aromates continue to be of interest to both academic and industrial medicinal chemists. Currently, many drug-like heterocyclic aromates are prepared via solid-phase organic chemistry methods. This review examines the applicability of those methods towards combinatorial chemistry with respect to the basic demands of such an approach: 1) synthesis, work-up and subsequent purification should be easily automated enabling the efficient simultaneous synthesis of large numbers of highly pure compounds in a minimum amount of time, 2) large diversity among the ligands to be synthesized, 3) high conversion rates of the individual reaction steps, and 4) the use of commercially available starting materials. Although many methods have been developed for the synthesis of heterocyclic aromates, very few of the available methods enable the synthesis of highly diverse heteroaromatic libraries.

Reinvestigation of the Reaction of 8‐Bromoguanine Derivatives with Sodium Thiosulfate.

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.

Houben−Weyl Methods of Organic Chemistry. Volume E22A. Synthesis of Peptides and Peptidomimetics Edited by Murray Goodman, Arthur Felix, Luis Moroder, and Claudio Toniolo. Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany. 2001. xxvii + 901 pp. 18 × 26 cm. ISBN 3 132 19604 5. 1840 euro.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook ReviewNEXTHouben−Weyl Methods of Organic Chemistry. Volume E22A. Synthesis of Peptides and Peptidomimetics Edited by Murray Goodman, Arthur Felix, Luis Moroder, and Claudio Toniolo. Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany. 2001. xxvii + 901 pp. 18 × 26 cm. ISBN 3 132 19604 5. 1840 euro.Victor J. HrubyView Author Information Regents Professor Department of Chemistry University of Arizona P.O. Box 210041 Tucson, Arizona 85721-0041Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2002, 45, 23, 5187Publication Date (Web):October 8, 2002Publication History Published online8 October 2002Published inissue 1 November 2002https://doi.org/10.1021/jm020371lCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views639Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (22 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Combinatorial synthesis,Organic synthesis,Peptides and proteins,Peptidomimetics,Solid phase synthesis Get e-Alerts

History of the recognition of organic geochemistry in geoscience

The discipline of organic geochemistry is an outgrowth of the application of the principles and methods of organic chemistry to sedimentary geology. Its origin goes back to the last part of the nineteenth century and the first part of the twentieth century concurrent with the evolution of the applied discipline of petroleum geochemistry. In fact, organic geochemistry was strongly influenced by developments in petroleum geochemistry. Now, however, organic geochemistry is considered an umbrella geoscience discipline of which petroleum geochemistry is an important component.

Houben−Weyl. Methods in Organic Chemistry. Additional and Supplementary Volumes to the 4th Edition. Volume E 23o. Synopsis of the Structure of Houben−Weyl I. General Overview and 4th Edition By S. A. Boucher (Chichester, UK) and H. G. Padeken. Managing Editor H.-G. Padeken (Stuttgart, Germany). Georg Thieme Verlag: Stuttgart, New York. 2001. x + 872 pp. 3300 DM. ISBN 3-13-116694-0.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook ReviewHouben−Weyl. Methods in Organic Chemistry. Additional and Supplementary Volumes to the 4th Edition. Volume E 23o. Synopsis of the Structure of Houben−Weyl I. General Overview and 4th Edition By S. A. Boucher (Chichester, UK) and H. G. Padeken. Managing Editor H.-G. Padeken (Stuttgart, Germany). Georg Thieme Verlag: Stuttgart, New York. 2001. x + 872 pp. 3300 DM. ISBN 3-13-116694-0.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 20, 4870Publication Date (Web):March 28, 2001Publication History Published online28 March 2001Published inissue 1 May 2001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja015239+Copyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views34Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (18 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Chemical structure,Organic chemistry Get e-Alerts

Chiral Selenium Electrophiles on Solid-Support

Organoselenium chemistry has developed rapidly and selenium-based methods are now very useful in synthetic chemistry. The selective introduction of various functionalities into complex molecules can be accomplished under very mild reaction conditions. This has led to versatile and new synthetic methods in organic chemistry. We have developed new and highly efficient selenium electrophiles and describe first attempts to use these reagents on polymer-support.

Enzymes for chemical synthesis.

New catalytic synthetic methods in organic chemistry that satisfy increasingly stringent environmental constraints are in great demand by the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. In addition, novel catalytic procedures are necessary to produce the emerging classes of organic compounds that are becoming the targets of molecular and biomedical research. Enzyme-catalysed chemical transformations are now widely recognized as practical alternatives to traditional (non-biological) organic synthesis, and as convenient solutions to certain intractable synthetic problems.