Anthropological Methods Research Articles

Application of empathy theory in the study of the effectiveness and timeliness of information dissemination in regional public health events.

This study examines the role of empathy theory in enhancing the effectiveness and timeliness of information dissemination during regional public health events, with a focus on the SARS and COVID-19 pandemics as case studies. Utilizing an anthropological interview method, the research delves into the public's transformation from passive recipients to active participants in information dissemination, emphasizing the impact of empathy. The study aims to evaluate the application of empathy theory in the context of public health emergencies and to determine its influence on the quality of information dissemination and public engagement. The research involved two distinct surveys, each collecting 50 questionnaires from participants in different regions, to capture a diverse range of perspectives. The surveys assessed participants' views on information dissemination, their levels of empathy, and their behaviors in receiving and sharing health-related information. The findings indicate that empathy plays a crucial role in facilitating the active involvement of the public in information dissemination. There is a notable difference in the public's emotional response and information sharing behaviors between regions with direct experience of the health events and those less affected. The study concludes that empathy theory, when applied to information dissemination during public health emergencies, can significantly improve the public's engagement and the overall effectiveness of communication strategies. The results underscore the need for empathetic communication to foster a sense of solidarity and collective action in response to public health crises.

KONTESTASI KUASA DALAM PERDAGANGAN REMPAH DI PANTAI BARAT DAN SELATAN ACEH ABAD KE 18 HINGGA 19 M

The spice route has become a national discourse in the context of strengthening the Indonesian nation's maritime cultural identity. As one of the big nations, the archipelago was once a cross-national melting pot in the context of hunting and trading spices on an international scale. After all, spices were the prima donna commodity of their time, which raised the name of the archipelago to the international trade stage. This research was conducted to find out the history of the spice route in one of the archipelago regions, especially in Aceh. After all, Islam and the spice trade have become a part of the civilization of Aceh and the Archipelago. This research is a qualitative research, with an historical and anthropological method approach, in order to understand firsthand how the description of the spice trade route in Aceh, especially the western and southern regions of Aceh. The results showed that the West and South Coasts of Aceh had become the locus of one of the archipelago's spice trading centers from the late 18th century to the end of the 19th century AD. The progress of the spice trade was marked by the emergence of ports on the west coast, including the old Singkel port, Trumon , Susoh, Kuala Batu, Meulaboh, to Bandar Rigaih. The presence of the Trumon Kingdom, which was built from the rapid trade in spices and pepper, and the weakening influence and power of the Aceh Darussalam Kingdom, shows that there is a contestation of power between the Aceh Darussalam Kingdom, Dutch Colonial and local powers on the West coast. Among the spice commodities on the west coast of Aceh include; pepper, cloves, nutmeg, resin, and silk. However, the presence of spices on the West coast of Aceh contributed to the emergence of power contestation between the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam, the Netherlands and the kingdoms on the West coast of Aceh, especially in the context of power struggles and spice commodities.

Village Formation Among Sumi Naga of Nagaland: A Case Study

The study of space in anthropology provides an outlook on society and culture from the view of the space that people live in. A study on village formation among the Sumi looks at understanding the Sumi culture and society from the socio-cultural perception of their land, that is, the village, which is strongly connected to beliefs, migration rituals, customs and social and cultural perceptions of their village. The research looks at the village formation using genealogy to understand the dynamics of Sumi kinship fabricated in the cultural construction of their space. The study details Sumi space following the Co-production Model of Low (2009) , which looks at the production and construction of space and the concepts of spatial practices and representational spaces of Lefebvre (1991) . The study uses anthropological research methods such as case studies, participant observations, interviews and genealogy of the village founders [village land is an heirloom of the chiefs ( kukami)] among the Sumi for inquiry.

Correlations between Dental Age, Skeletal Age, and Mandibular Morphologic Index Changes in Turkish Children in Eastern Anatolia and Their Chronological Age during the Pubertal Growth Spurt Period: A Cross-Sectional Study.

In age determination, different methods aiming to obtain the closest result to chronological age have been investigated so far. The most commonly used one among these is the radiological method, which is usually used to evaluate the developmental stages of wrist bones or teeth. In our study, we assessed bone age estimations using the Gilsanz-Ratib atlas (GRA), which has recently become commonly used for children aged 9 to 15 years; evaluated the dental age, determined with Cameriere's European method; conducted morphometric measurements of the mandibular bone; and then examined their relationships with chronological age. The results of our study reveal that, in children during the puberty growth spurt, Cameriere's EU formula might have higher accuracy in estimating chronological age in younger age groups, while the GRA might be more accurate for older ages. Additionally, we conclude that of the mandibular morphometric measurements, condylar height and tangential ramus height show strong positive correlations with age. As a result, we conclude that the morphometric measurements evaluated in the present study can be used as auxiliary methods in forensic anthropology and forensic dentistry.

Shape variation in modern human upper premolars.

Morphological variation in modern human dentition is still an open field of study. The understanding of dental shape and metrics is relevant for the advancement of human biology and evolution and is thus of interest in the fields of dental anthropology, as well as human anatomy and medicine. Of concern is also the variation of the inner aspects of the crown which can be investigated using the tools and methods of virtual anthropology. In this study, we explored inter- and intra-population morphometric variation of modern humans' upper third and fourth premolars (P3s and P4s, respectively) considering both the inner and outer aspects of the crown, and discrete traits. We worked by means of geometric morphometrics on 3D image data from a geographically balanced sample of human populations from five continents, to analyse the shape of the dentinal crown, and the crown outline in 78 P3s and 76 P4s from 85 individuals. For the study of dental traits, we referred to the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System integrated with more recent classification systems. The 3D shape variation of upper premolar crowns varied between short and mesio-distally broad, and tall and mesio-distally narrow. The observed shape variation was independent from the geographical origin of the populations, and resulted in extensive overlap. We noted a high pairwise correlation (r1 = 0.83) between upper P3s and P4s. We did not find any significant geographic differences in the analysed non-metric traits. Our outcomes thus suggest that geographical provenance does not play a determinant role in the shaping of the dental crown, whose genesis is under strict genetic control.

CAMP—the Cultural Anthropology Methods Program—Past, Present, Future

CAMP—the Cultural Anthropology Methods Program—Past, Present, Future

Synoptic subjects? The Scope and methods of philosophy, geography and anthropology

This article identifies the recurring expression ‘scope and method/s’ in three published lectures by Henry Sidgwick, Halford Mackinder and James George Frazer between 1885 and 1921. It tracks transdisciplinary connections between the thought and practice of late nineteenth-century philosophy, economic science and geography, and early twentieth-century anthropology, thereby illuminating shifting perceptions, and applications, of historical geographical knowledge and imaginations in a broader speculative evolutionary epistemological scheme. At a time when science and humanities subjects were thought to be diverging, it shows that metaphorical uses of optical instruments helped draw synoptic spatio-temporal frames of reference which shaped transdisciplinary and trans-institutional practices.

Pedagogy and Museum Design: Exploring Student Research at the Blackwater Draw Museum

ABSTRACT This article explores collaborative pedagogical approaches to museum exhibit design through a partnership between an anthropology class and the Blackwater Draw Museum at Eastern New Mexico University. This collaboration brought together faculty, staff, undergraduate, and graduate students to showcase the regionally relevant issues of water overuse and the conservation of the Ogallala Aquifer. Students employed anthropological research methods to develop a mini-exhibit in the Blackwater Draw Museum that incorporated data collected from the Portales and Clovis communities concerning water usage patterns of the past and present. Ultimately, this case study seeks to build a bridge between pedagogy and museum studies, showcasing opportunities for collaboration between the social sciences and regional heritage institutions.

Podwójnie zapomniane: diakonisy Śląskiego Ewangelickiego Domu Sióstr w Cieszynie i Bielsku

The first Lutheran Sisters’ House in Austrian Silesia, the Schlesisches Evangelisches Schwesternhaus, was established in 1892 together with the General Hospital of the Lutheran Church in Cieszyn. The contribution of this Sisters’ House to the development of medical care and women’s professional activity in Cieszyn Silesia has not yet been recognized by historians and local communities, while for the Lutheran community it was an element of its difficult German heritage. The article focuses on processes related to social memory: the Silesian deaconesses were “doubly forgotten”: as women, the memory of whom very quickly vanishes as unimportant in patriarchal culture; and as members of a German-speaking institution, expelled from Polish history and memory. After the Second World War, the Silesian-Cieszyn Lutheran community cut itself off from the German heritage, and mainly emphasized its Polish character, because religious minorities are particularly sensitive to such processes. The project used the anthropological method of extended case study.

Augmented anthropology

This paper introduces augmented anthropology, a new field of research that combines machine anthropology and conventional anthropology. Augmented anthropology uses robots as avatars, AI, and 3D virtual spaces to create an interactive environment to study and understand human behaviour. By leveraging technology, augmented anthropology is able to study humans and nonhumans in a more detailed and precise manner than traditional anthropological methods. This paper will discuss the advantages and potential applications of augmented anthropology, as well as the ethical considerations relating to authorship that must be taken into account. Furthermore, it will outline the potential for augmented anthropology to revolutionise the field of anthropology and to provide new insights into the complexities of what it is to be human.

Multimodal Anthropology

In recent years, there has been an enthusiastic call for the use of multimodal methods in anthropological research, largely inspired by the democratization of media production technologies. This initial excitement for multimodal methods has been closely followed by an ambivalence when digital media tools often fall short of creating the hoped-for social and political change. This entry deals with the potentials and limits of multimodal methods in anthropology, focusing in particular on the contributions of feminist anthropologists.

Recent developments in anthropological methods for the study of complex societies

The focus of traditional anthropology has been on the “simple and primitive” tribal societies that still exist. The question of how anthropology can carry on to study complex civilizations, especially those with a long history like Chinese civilization, has gained attention due to the discipline’s development and expansion. Anthropologists around the world have developed several significant research methods in the study of complex societies in response to this challenge. Taking anthropology research in China as an example, these methods include not only the summary and improvement of Western anthropological methods applied by Chinese scholars to Chinese practice but also methodological innovations based on traditional Chinese research paradigms and explorations of anthropological fieldwork methods in the digital age. In China, the latest advancements in anthropological methods for studying complex societies can be seen in historical anthropology, multi-sited ethnography, internet anthropology, and Rapid Anthropological Assessment. This effectively responds to many doubts about whether anthropological fieldwork methods are capable of studying complex societies and spurred anthropology’s reciprocal adaptation to new fields of study and contemporary needs. In this sense, anthropological research on complex societies is entirely possible, feasible, and necessary.

The influence of biological relatedness on sexual dimorphism and sex classification based on external morphology of the frontal bone.

The most significant sexual differences in the human skull are located in the upper third of the face (the frontal bone), which is a useful research object, mainly in combination with virtual anthropology methods. However, the influence of biological relatedness on sexual dimorphism and frontal bone variability remains unknown. This study was directed at sexual difference description and sex classification using the form and shape of the external surface of the frontal bones from a genealogically documented Central European osteological sample (nineteenth to twentieth centuries). The study sample consisted of 47 cranial CT images of the adult members of several branches of one family group over 4 generations. Three-dimensional virtual models of the frontal bones were analyzed using geometric morphometrics and multidimensional statistics. Almost the entire external frontal surface was significantly different between males and females, especially in form. Significant differences were also found between this related sample and an unrelated one. Sex estimation of the biologically related individuals was performed using the classification models developed on a sample of unrelated individuals from the recent Czech population (Čechová et al. in Int J Legal Med 133: 1285 1294, 2019), with a result of 74.46% and 63.83% in form and shape, respectively. Failure of this classifier was caused by the existence of typical traits found in the biologically related sample different from the usual manifestation of sexual dimorphism. This can be explained as due to the increased degree of similarity and the reduction of variability in biologically related individuals. The results show the importance of testing previously published methods on genealogical data.

Human identification: an investigation of 3D models of paranasal sinuses to establish a biological profile on a modern UK population

Medical imaging is a valuable source for facilitating empirical research and provides an accessible gateway for developing novel forensic anthropological methods for analysis including 3D modelling. This is especially critical for the United Kingdom (UK), where methods developed from modern UK populations do not currently exist. This study introduces a new approach to assist in human identification using 3D models of the paranasal sinuses. The models were produced from a database of 500 modern CT scans provided by University College London Hospital. Linear measurements and elliptic Fourier coefficients taken from 1500 three-dimensional models across six ethnic groups assessed by one-way ANOVA and discriminant function analysis showed a range of classification rates with certain rates reaching 75–85.7% (p < 0.05) in correctly classifying age and sex according to size and shape. The findings offer insights into the potential for employing paranasal sinuses as an attribute for establishing the identification of unknown human remains in future crime reconstructions.

Konsep Zakat Mal dalam Islam dan Persepuluhan dalam Agama Kristen

Every religion certainly has a way of improving the welfare of all its followers, by sharing with fellow living creatures, helping each other, as a form of compassion for one's brothers. One form of effort by the people to strengthen brotherhood is zakat in the context of the Islamic religion and in the Christian religion it is known as tithe. This research aims to deepen knowledge of the concept of zakat mal in Islam and tithing in Christianity, to find out the essence of implementing the concept of zakat mal and tithing, and to look for comparisons between the two. This research uses a type of library research (Library Research). This research uses anthropological methods. This research uses a descriptive approach. The researcher uses data analysis techniques in the form of content analysis (content analysis) of library research where the data sources are books and documents and literature in a form that is others, providing input and transformative thoughts about the concept of zakat mal and tithing so as to provide clearer information. Based on the findings from this research, the concept of zakat mal and tithing is different even in terms of the meaning of giving wealth to other people by hoping for blessings from God. However, in the concept of zakat mal, someone who wants to give zakat mal must have excess assets and meet the requirements of the nishab and haul, while tithing does not have a requirement to carry out the teachings of tithing, anyone can give tithe as long as they have assets and it is not forced if there is none then it is permissible not to give tithe. The implementation of mall zakat is of course based on the provisions set by Allah, in harmony, the conditions have been explained in the Al-Qur'an, then you can give your zakat to the mall zakat manager to distribute it to people who are entitled to receive it. Likewise, tithe can be given one tenth of the assets owned to the church management.

У войны – женское лицо. Образ женщины в советском военно-патриотическом кино периода Оттепели (1954–1964)

The aim of the article is to identify the main features that make up the image of women in the military-patriotic cinema about the Great Patriotic War on the big screens of the USSR in 1954–1964. In recent years, the interest of scientists (sociologists, historians, art historians and culturologists) in the study of the problems of the reflec-tion of the historical past in cinema art has grown tremendously. The study briefly analyzes feature films made by Soviet directors during the Thaw. Based on the methods of visual anthropology and imagological tools, the image of a Soviet woman in the war is defined, as well as the features of its representation that correspond to the historical realities of the era of liberalization of public relations. It was during the Thaw in Soviet cinema that the approach to the military genre was changed: now in the foreground are not monumental ideological values, not the relief heroism of war films of 1941–1945, but the victims and hard-ships of war, trials and hardships, the destroyed destinies of millions of Soviet people.

Public Demonstrations in Bulgaria and the Faces of Bulgarian Activism Today: A Case Study of the 2022 Lukov March and a Counter-Demonstration Organised by Feminist Mobilisations

This article is a case study of the 2022 Lukov March and a counter-demonstration to this march. The Lukov March is an annual event organised in Sofia by the far-right Bulgarian National Union, and the so-called Anti-Lukov March is a counter-demonstration organised by, among others, the group called Feminist Mobilisations. The article is based on two years of research conducted while working on a co-authored master’s thesis, involving netnography, participant observation and narrative interviews with women who identify with feminist or far-right activism. The study aims to analyse both events and both groups in the context of performative activist actions in the urban space of Sofia, with a particular focus on the issue of the performative body and performance in social space. In our work, we use the method of critical discourse analysis and anthropological methods.

Pengaruh Identitas Etnis Politik Terhadap Perilaku Pemilih

This research is entitled The influence of ethnic identity politics in the election of Mayor and Deputy Mayor of Medan 2020. What will be studied in this research is to see the involvement of ethnic identity politics in the election of Mayor and Deputy Mayor of Medan 2020. This research uses political anthropology methods with a functionalist approach where the approach This is built on ethnic lineages which allow for political relations with ethnic groups and organizations. Data collection techniques were carried out using in-depth interview techniques, observation and documentation. Meanwhile, the data analysis technique in this research uses qualitative descriptive data analysis. The technique for determining informants in this research is Purposive Sampling, where the selection of informants is chosen deliberately based on predetermined criteria, namely people who experience and feel directly the influence exerted by candidate pairs using ethnic identity. So the informants in this research were people living in Medan Perjuangan, namely 10 informants, namely 2 people each from the Malay, Javanese, Batak, Acehnese ethnicities, and 2 people from the Chinese ethnicity. The research results show that political ethnic identity does have an influence, but the people of Medan also consider other factors in determining their choices. Full community participation in elections is related to awareness of the importance of community contributions, while the assessment of candidates is not only focused on ethnic identity, but involves performance, vision and mission and leadership behavior. Overall, the results of this study indicate that while political ethnic identity is not an important factor, the people of Medan prefer to understand and evaluate candidates based on performance and leadership criteria.

Boundaries and classification: the cultural logic of treating foreign medicine

From the 16th to the 19th centuries, Western medicine emerged in China and was considered dangerous by Chinese residents. Relatedly, Chinese medical practitioners have attempted to use knowledge based on traditional Chinese medicine to explain the principles of Western medicine. From the 19th to 20th centuries, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) was introduced to the United States, and American residents also described it as dangerous; they believed that TCM could only be accepted after scientific verification and explanation. This article uses the method of historical anthropology to explain these phenomena using boundaries as an analytical concept. This article finds that when foreign medicine crosses borders, it causes the disorganization of local classification systems. When a local classification system cannot provide a suitable location for foreign medicine, such medicine is easily regarded as dangerous by residents. The key to solving this problem is to use local classification systems to reinterpret foreign medicine. Reinterpreted by these local classification systems, foreign medicine can gain legitimacy within local societies. Based on this, the current article attempts to illustrate not only that science is a classification method but also that the boundary between science and nonscience is cultural in a sense, thereby undertaking corresponding cultural functions in daily life.

Phenomenological Approaches to the Egyptian Desert

This contribution explores, in broad strokes, the ways that a creative dialogue between archaeological and anthropological methods can produce holistic, nuanced approaches to the study of archaeological landscapes. Specifically, the paper explores the productivity of these methods when applied to arid landscapes, which are traditionally viewed as “difficult” or hostile to human activity. The methods discussed here, when used in combination, are useful for teasing out dynamic human relationships with the desert landscape in the past and the present. The approach illustrates the productivity of combining qualitative and quantitative methods and the possibilities for unifying different data streams in a single analysis.