Analysis Method Research Articles

Research on temperature distribution in container ship with Type-B LNG fuel tank based on CFD and analytical method

The liquefied natural gas (LNG) fuel tank in a large container ship is loaded with liquid LNG at an ultra-low temperature (-163°C), there is a significant temperature difference in the cargo hold area where the entire fuel tank is located, which will have an important impact on the steel grade design and structural safety of the cargo tank in container ship. This paper develops two heat transfer models using Computational Fluid Dynamics method (CFD method) and an analytical method to analyze the temperature distribution in a large container ship equipped with Type-B LNG fuel tank. These models incorporate the arrangement and heat transfer characteristics of LNG fuel tanks. The temperature field analysis is conducted under typical the environmental conditions specified in the Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Transporting Liquefied Gas in Bulk (IGC Code) and the United States Coast Guard Code (USCG Code), based on the CFD method and the analytical method, and the results of temperature field distribution are compared. Additionally, a parametric analysis of the hull temperature field is further carried out, the results show that the thermal conductivity of the insulation layer in LNG storage tanks and the types of the loaded liquid cargo have a limited impact on the final temperature field distribution in hull structure. However, the selection of steel grade in the local structure of the cargo hold, especially in the inner hull part, may lead to significant changes.

Novel method of image analysis that combines Radon and Fourier image transformations for the purpose of differentiating between malignant and benign colonic biopsies.

Colorectal cancer is the third most common type of cancer. It develops slowly as a polyp that can turn into a cancerous tumor. This study aimed to develop a decision-making algorithm of microscopic images using texture analysis that is orientation free, to be used for automated classification of normal and neoplastic (malignant or premalignant) colonic biopsies. Forty-nine colonic adenocarcinomas, 41 adenomas and a control group of adjacent normal colonic mucosa were included in the texture analysis. Radon transform followed by the Fast Fourier transform were applied to the images. Subsequently, the gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) transform was applied allowing the extraction of four textural variables (homogeneity, contrast, correlation, and entropy). For classification and prediction of the diagnosis, a statistical multivariate regression model and a neural network (NNET) model were used and compared. The statistical model provided a sensitivity of 71.3% and a specificity of 50% (Area under the ROC curve: 0.67) for classifying the neoplastic and the normal images, respectively. The NNET model was superior to the statistical model and produced a sensitivity of 97.9% and specificity of 88% (Area under the ROC curve: 0.92). To our knowledge, this is the first study that used a combination of Radon, FFT, and GLCM transformations in order to overcome the tissue orientation problem in texture analysis of microscopic images of colonic biopsies. The NNET classifier trained by the extracted textural features proved to be superior to the statistical classifier, thus predicting colonic neoplasia with high accuracy. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: We propose a novel decision-making algorithm of orientation invariant image texture analysis, fast and easily implemented for automated differentiation between benign and neoplastic epithelial tumors of the colon. This method can reduce the turnaround time allowing to prioritize the biopsies during their examination and diagnosis by the pathologist.

Pharmacokinetics of Anti-Rheumatic drugs Methotrexate and Tofacitinib with its metabolite M9 in Rats by UPLC-MS/MS.

Tofacitinib is an oral JAK inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The clinical efficacy and safety of an administered tofacitinib, either monotherapy or in combination with conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, mainly methotrexate (MTX), have been evaluated. The high plasma concentration with delayed medicine clearance may affect the liver and/or kidney functions. In this study, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC- MS/MS) method for the quantitative analysis of methotrexate, tofacitinib, and metabolite M9 in plasma of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats was developed, and its effectiveness was validated as well. Methotrexate, tofacitinib, M9 and fedratinib (internal standard, IS) were separated by gradient elution. The chromatography was performed on an Acquity BEH C18 (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) column with the mobile phases of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution with different proportions at the flow rate of 0.30 mL/min. In the positive ionization mode, the analyzes were detected using a Xevo TQ-S triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer, with the following mass transition pairs: m/z 313.12 → 148.97 for tofacitinib, m/z 329.10 → 165.00 for M9 and m/z 455.12 → 308.05 for methotrexate. The obtained results manifested good calibration linearity over the ranges of tofacitinib at 0.1-100 ng/mL, M9 at 0.05-100 ng/mL, and methotrexate at 0.05-100 ng/mL. The lower limit of quantifications (LLOQs) of methotrexate, tofacitinib and M9 were 0.05 ng/mL, 0.1 ng/mL and 0.05 ng/mL, respectively. Intra-day and inter-day accuracy values were confirmed with a range of -6.3% to 12.7%, while intra-day and inter-- day precision values were ≤14.4%. Additionally, recoveries were greater than 86.5% for each compound without significant matrix effects. The currently established analytical method exhibited great potential for the evaluation of plasma concentrations of methotrexate, tofacitinib and M9 simultaneously, greatly reducing the detection time, which would serve as a supplementary role in formulating dose decisions to achieve personalized treatment, identify drugs that cause adverse reactions and finally, to assess drug-drug interactions on clinical studies.

Analysis of the Relationship between Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoporosis Based on Mendelian Randomization.

As the global population ages, the World Health Organization has found a yearly increase in the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis. This trend poses a challenge to public health and healthcare and calls for the implementation of more preventive and treatment measures to address these health issues. This study aims to investigate the causal relationship between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoporosis (OP) using the Mendelian randomization (MR) method. OP diagnosis was based on the gold standard of bone mineral density (BMD). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified from the genome-wide association research database formed by RA and BMD, with a parameter setting of P < 5×10-8, chain imbalance r2<0.01, and kb = 10,000. Five complementary MR methods, including inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression, weighted median, simple mode estimation based on mode, and weighted estimation based on mode, were used to evaluate the causal relationship between RA and OP/BMD using odds ratio (OR) values and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Sensitivity analyses were performed using heterogeneity tests, horizontal pleiotropy, and individual rejection tests. A total of 78 instrumental variables were identified that were closely related to both RA and BMD in mixed populations, while 14 instrumental variables were identified in the European population and 38 instrumental variables were identified in the Asian population. Using IVW as the main analysis method, the MR analysis results of RA and BMD showed the following: mixed population OR = 0.96, 95%CI: 0.93-1.00; European population OR = 0.55, 95%CI: 0.27-1.12; and Asian population OR = 0.95, 95%CI: 0.90-1.01. Sensitivity analyses showed that the MR results were robust. The study found insufficient evidence of a causal relationship between RA and OP/BMD, suggesting that RA may not have a direct effect on OP/BMD.

A Novel Vibration Frequency Response Analysis Method for Mechanical Condition Detection of Converter Transformer Windings

A Novel Vibration Frequency Response Analysis Method for Mechanical Condition Detection of Converter Transformer Windings

Privacy between Past and Present in Designing Jordanian Homes

This research aims to focus on the role that the interior designer plays in enhancing home efficiency directly and effectively that can be observed through the privacy of homes. The privacy of the interior design is completely affected, whereas the design of each home differs from the other according to the differences that follow individuals' behavior within Residential environments, or even the differences between the daily activities that they practice within their places of residence. The question in the research study is to mainly consider the role that privacy plays in interior design, influencing the composition and characteristics of Jordanian housing and how to design its internal environment between the past and present period, serving the requirements of the daily life of individuals and achieving their satisfaction with their homes. This research follows the deductive inductive and the comparative analytical method to write results. Results confirmed the importance and influence of privacy aspects in the interior design process, as it is a basic requirement that must be considered by the interior designer when carrying out the design process for any housing, where privacy is one of the important aspects and factors that effect on how people deal with their homes in which they live. The results also confirmed that the multiplicity of colors in the design of homes provides better privacy, and that the diverse furniture in the Jordanian homes ensures functional efficiency, which in turn ensures the achievement of privacy for individuals, and that appropriate lighting plays a major role in supporting the privacy of the home, and that the appropriate materials achieve privacy in components of the interior space of interiors, and finally, the well-thought-out spatial planning ensures the high privacy of individuals inside the home. Keywords: Privacy, Interior design, Jordanian housing

Analytical methods used in microplastics identification: A review

Huynh Phu 1 , Huynh Thi Ngoc Han 2* , Tran Ngoc Nu 3

Quantification of Native Lignin Structural Features with Gel‐Phase 2D‐HSQC0 Reveals Lignin Structural Changes During Extraction

AbstractOur ability to study and valorize the lignin fraction of biomass is hampered by the fundamental and still unmet challenge of precisely quantifying native lignin's structural features. Here, we developed a rapid elevated‐temperature 1H−13C Heteronuclear Single‐Quantum Coherence Zero (HSQC0) NMR method that enables this precise quantification of native lignin structural characteristics even with whole plant cell wall (WPCW) NMR spectroscopy, overcoming fast spin relaxation in the gel phase. We also formulated a Gaussian fitting algorithm to perform automatic and reliable spectral integration. By combining HSQC0 measurements with yield measurements following depolymerisation, we can confirm the combinatorial nature of radical coupling reactions during biosynthesis leading to a random sequential organization of linkages within a largely linear lignin chain. Such analyses illustrate how this analytical method can greatly facilitate the study of native lignin structure, which can then be used for fundamental studies or to understand lignin depolymerization methods like reductive catalytic fractionation or aldehyde‐assisted fractionation.

Quantification of Native Lignin Structural Features with Gel-Phase 2D-HSQC0 Reveals Lignin Structural Changes During Extraction.

Our ability to study and valorize the lignin fraction of biomass is hampered by the fundamental and still unmet challenge of precisely quantifying native lignin's structural features. Here, we developed a rapid elevated-temperature 1H-13C Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Coherence Zero (HSQC0) NMR method that enables this precise quantification of native lignin structural characteristics even with whole plant cell wall (WPCW) NMR spectroscopy, overcoming fast spin relaxation in the gel phase. We also formulated a Gaussian fitting algorithm to perform automatic and reliable spectral integration. By combining HSQC0 measurements with yield measurements following depolymerisation, we can confirm the combinatorial nature of radical coupling reactions during biosynthesis leading to a random sequential organization of linkages within a largely linear lignin chain. Such analyses illustrate how this analytical method can greatly facilitate the study of native lignin structure, which can then be used for fundamental studies or to understand lignin depolymerization methods like reductive catalytic fractionation or aldehyde-assisted fractionation.

Population Pharmacokinetic of the Diterpenes ent-Polyalthic Acid and Dihydro-ent-Agathic Acid from Copaifera Duckei Oil Resin in Rats.

Copaifera duckei oleoresin is a plant product extensively used by the Brazilian population for multiple purposes, such as medicinal and cosmetic. Despite its ethnopharmacological relevance, there is no pharmacokinetic data on this important medicinal plant. Due to this, we determined the pharmacokinetic profile of the major nonvolatile compounds of C. duckei oleoresin. The diterpenes ent-polyalthic acid and dihydro-ent-agathic acid correspond to approximately 40% of the total oleoresin. Quantification was performed using LC-MS/MS, and the validated analytical method showed to be precise, accurate, robust, reliable, and linear between 0.57 and 114.74 µg/mL plasma and 0.09 to 18.85 µg/mL plasma, respectively, for ent-polyalthic acid and dihydro-ent-agathic acid, making it suitable for application in preclinical pharmacokinetic studies. Wistar rats received a single 200 mg/kg oral dose (gavage) of C. duckei oleoresin, and blood was collected from their caudal vein through 48 h. Population pharmacokinetics analysis of ent-polyalthic and dihydro-ent-agathic acids in rats was evaluated using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling conducted in NONMEN software. The pharmacokinetic parameters of ent-polyalthic acid were absorption constant rate = 0.47 h-1, central and peripheral apparent volume of distribution = 0.04 L and 2.48 L, respectively, apparent clearance = 0.15 L/h, and elimination half-life = 11.60 h. For dihydro-ent-agathic acid, absorption constant rate = 0.28 h-1, central and peripheral apparent volume of distribution = 0.01 L and 0.18 L, respectively, apparent clearance = 0.04 L/h, and elimination half-life = 3.49 h. The apparent clearance, central apparent volume of distribution, and peripheral apparent volume of distribution of ent-polyalthic acid were approximately 3.75, 4.00-, and 13.78-folds higher than those of dihydro-ent-agathic.

A mathematical framework for measuring and tuning tempo in developmental gene regulatory networks.

Embryo development is a dynamic process governed by the regulation of timing and sequences of gene expression, which control the proper growth of the organism. Although many genetic programmes coordinating these sequences are common across species, the timescales of gene expression can vary significantly among different organisms. Currently, substantial experimental efforts are focused on identifying molecular mechanisms that control these temporal aspects. In contrast, the capacity of established mathematical models to incorporate tempo control while maintaining the same dynamical landscape remains less understood. Here, we address this gap by developing a mathematical framework that links the functionality of developmental programmes to the corresponding gene expression orbits (or landscapes). This unlocks the ability to find tempo differences as perturbations in the dynamical system that preserve its orbits. We demonstrate that this framework allows for the prediction of molecular mechanisms governing tempo, through both numerical and analytical methods. Our exploration includes two case studies: a generic network featuring coupled production and degradation, with a particular application to neural progenitor differentiation; and the repressilator. In the latter, we illustrate how altering the dimerisation rates of transcription factors can decouple the tempo from the shape of the resulting orbits. We conclude by highlighting how the identification of orthogonal molecular mechanisms for tempo control can inform the design of circuits with specific orbits and tempos.

Study of the lateral shift due to atmospheric refraction: alternative analytical methods, and new results

Atmospheric refraction modifies the apparent position of objects in the sky, and also produces a progressive lateral shift of the light rays received from these objects; in the case of a spherically symmetric atmosphere, for the first time, this shift has been numerically studied in 2022, and different analytical estimators have been compared (by Labriji et al.) for the total shift. This topic is important for the reconstruction of meteor trajectories, for the analysis of wavefront sensing in adaptative optics, etc. Always in the case of a spherically symmetric atmosphere, we show two other analytical methods to study this lateral shift, and to be able to estimate it analytically in the difficult case when the celestial object is seen near the astronomical horizon. One of these methods allows us to deduce an estimator, not only of the total shift, but also of the shift of any point of the ray. We compare properties of the total lateral shift and of the refraction angle, and also the chromatism of the total lateral shift to the chromatism of the air refractivity, for rays coming from an object seen either high enough above the astronomical horizon, or on it. In this latter case, our first method shows departures from proportionality between the chromatisms of the air refractivity, of the astronomical refraction angle, and, even more, of the total lateral shift.

Novel Multifunctional Meta-Surface Plasmon Resonance Chip Microplate for High-Throughput Molecular Screening.

The utilization of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors for real-time label-free molecular interaction analysis is already being employed in the fields of in vitro diagnostics and biomedicine. However, the widespread application of SPR technology is hindered by its limited detection throughput and high cost. To address this issue, our study introduces a novel multifunctional MetaSPR high-throughput microplate biosensor featuring 3D nanocup microarrays, aiming to achieve high-throughput screening at a reduced cost and with enhanced speed. Different types of MetaSPR sensors and analytical detection methods have been developed for accurate subtype identification, epitope binding, affinity determination, antibody collocation, and other applications that have greatly promoted the screening and analysis of early antibody drugs. The MetaSPR platform combined with nano-enhanced particles amplified the detection signal and improved the detection sensitivity, making it more convenient, sensitive, and efficient than traditional ELISA. Our findings demonstrated that the MetaSPR biosensor is a new practical technology detection platform that can improve the efficiency of biomolecular interaction studies with unlimited potential for new drug development. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Analysis of staffing of the regional health system by dental surgeons in 2019–2021

BACKGROUND: Providing qualified personnel to medical organizations is one of the priorities of the development of the health system. Improvement of staffing of dentists is relevant, as it enables increased availability and quality of dental care. Accessibility and quality of medical care involves the availability of the required number of medical personnel and level of their qualifications, achieved through the licensing of medical activities and certification and accreditation of medical personnel. AIM: To analyze the staffing of dental surgeons in medical organizations subordinate to the Ministry of Health of the Krasnodar Territory. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included dental surgeons of state medical organizations of the Krasnodar Territory in 2019–2021. The present study uses statistical data of reporting forms of medical organizations of Krasnodar Krai «Information about medical organization» (N 30) for the studied period. Statistical processing of the material was performed using the Microsoft Office software package applying analytical, logical, and statistical methods of research. RESULTS: Analysis of the staffing of dental surgeons in medical organizations of the Krasnodar Territory for 2019–2021 showed an increase in established posts in general for organizations and providing medical assistance in ambulatory conditions, a decrease in established posts in the hospital and occupied posts in general by organizations, as in outpatient conditions, and in stationary. Moreover, a decrease was noted in the number of individuals employed as primary workers in general positions in the medical organizations of the province and in outpatient and inpatient medical care and in the number of individuals employed as primary employees, having the highest category and simultaneously increasing with the first and second categories. Further, the study found a decrease in the number of persons in the main occupations with professional certification, an increase in the number of persons with accreditation certificates, and a decrease in the number of physical persons and of employed dental surgeons in medical organizations of the Krasnodar Territory, owing to the reduction in both outpatient and inpatient conditions. CONCLUSION: Analysis of staffing of the regional healthcare system by dental surgeons for 2019–2021 was conducted.

The Development of International Tourists During The Pandemic: The Perception of Local Tourists

The Covid-19 pandemic has hampered various kinds of activities, especially in the world of tourism. Based on data on international tourist visits to Indonesia in August, it experienced a significant decrease of 89.22%. The Deputy for Destination and Infrastructure Development of the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy (Kemenparekraf) predicts that international tourist visits to Indonesia only occupy the number 4 million people, which before the pandemic occupied the figure of 18 million visitors. The purpose of this study is to find out the perception of local tourists towards the development of international tourists during the pandemic, the method used is to conduct interviews with local tourists randomly in the Barru district. The analysis method used is descriptive qualitative to explain the research results obtained. The result of this study is that the decline in tourism visitors has a significant impact on people's income, especially in Barru district, but this, it can reduce the spread of the Covid-19 virus that is sweeping the world.

Strategies and Models for Development of Hot Water Tourism Objects in Tombasian Village Under Kawangkoan Barat District, Minahasa Regency

Tourism development is sought to be developed in the context of economic improvement, sustainable development and technological development. Geographically, each region has different characteristics with their own uniqueness and advantages. Natural resources that are owned with all its contents, land in all its forms and the sea with all its contents. This potential can be utilized optimally through tourism. Natural resources owned with all their contents and existing potential will be utilized for development purposes. That potential can be an asset through the tourism sector. One of the attractions that attracts the attention of both domestic and foreign tourists is the hot springs in Tombasian Bawah Village. Tombasian Bawah Village is one of the villages in Kawangkoan Barat District, Minahasa Regency, where in general the people work as farmers and craftsmen on stilt houses. Furthermore, the data that has been collected is analyzed by descriptive analysis using the SWOT analysis method and breaking it down internally and externally. The stages of the research were field observations by collecting data at the physical location, conducting interviews with the government of tourist attraction locations with village programs and district governments related to the development of tourism objects, specifically hot water in the village of Tombasian Bawah and visitors to obtain data. The results of the study show that the Hot Spring Tourism Object Development Strategy is adequate which can be applied by developing tourism on holidays and other holidays. And the model is community based. The development of this hot spring tourism object can be done by diversifying tourism objects and modifying the system so that tourists can travel easily and pleasantly. The results of this research are the proceding/Sentrinov output targets and reports.

Analysis of Traditional Menu Promotion Case Study: The City of Pagar Alam

This study compares traditional menu promotion efforts' expectations and reality in Pagar Alam, South Sumatra. The focus of attention of food and beverage industry players is customers and competitors. By generating and offering value to their customers, food and beverage industry players can bind a customer, a food and beverage player who has succeeded in presenting superior value. In order to achieve this goal, every industry player must be able to produce and deliver the goods and services desired by consumers, in this case, tourists, according to the needs and desires of these tourists. The data analysis method uses Important Performance Analysis (IPA) on primary data obtained from 83 consumer respondents. The results showed strategies to improve product branding to introduce and improve the specific menu products of natural fences so that tourists more widely knew them. The results showed that labeling was in quadrant D (low expectation and perception values) at an IPA value of 5.40.

Analisis Pengelolaan Water Sports Event Sebagai Destinasi Wisata Olahraga di Danau Ranau Kab. Oku Selatan Prov. Sumatera Selatan

Analysis of the Management of Water Sports Events as a Sports Tourism Destination in Lake Rana, South Oku Regency, South Sumatra Province. The focus of research is to discuss the formulation of the problem and the purpose of this study are: a) To study and analyze how to plan the implementation process and evaluation of the implementation of water sports events in Lake Ranau District. South OKU, South Sumatra Province. b) To study and analyze how the implementation of water sports events in the District. South OKU, South Sumatra Province. c) provide an alternative strategic policy that can be done to optimize the planning process to the implementation of water sports events in the Regency. South OKU, South Sumatra Province. With data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The data analysis model used is the SWOT analysis method (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threats). This study population transferred 30 people consisting of the community and the organization in the Lake Ranau area. This research is expected to offer alternative strategies for optimizing, planning and implementing water sports events.

Peripheral Immune Cells Contribute to the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder with progressive memory and cognitive loss. Neuroinflammation is a central mechanism involved in the progression of AD. With the disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), peripheral immune cells and inflammatory molecules enter into AD brain. However, the exact relationship between peripheral immune cells and AD remains unknown due to various challenges. This study aimed to investigate the potential causal association between peripheral immune cells and AD by using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) analysis. We conducted a TSMR to decipher the causal relationship between AD and 731 types of peripheral immune cell parameters from the TBNK, regulatory T cell (Treg), myeloid cell, monocyte, maturation stages of T cell, dendritic cell (DC), and B cell panels. Various analytical methods were employed, including inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR Egger, and weighted median methods. The Cochran's Q statistic, MR-Egger intercept, and MR-PRESSO tests were used to verify the heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy of the results. To further verify our results, we also conducted a replication analysis. The analysis identified CD33 on CD14 + monocyte (OR = 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.04;p = 1.14E-04; adjust-p = 0.042) had an increased risk association for AD, which was verified by the replication study. CD33 on CD33dim HLA DR + CD11b- cell (OR = 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01-1.04;p = 2.87E-04; adjust-p = 0.035) had an increased risk association for AD, while secreting CD4 regulatory T cell %CD4 regulatory T cell (OR = 0.97; 95% CI, 0.96-0.99;p = 1.90E-04; adjust-p = 0.046) and CD25 on switched memory B cell (OR = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.92-0.98;p = 2.87E-04; adjust-p = 0.042) were discovered to be related to a lower risk of AD. However, the causal effect of these three immune cells on AD was insufficiently validated in the replication analysis. The MR analysis suggests a potential causal relationship between peripheral immune cells and the risk of AD. Further extensive research is needed on the specific role of peripheral immune cells in AD.

Fast and Easy Simultaneous Determination of Riboflavin, Folic Acid, All-Trans-Retinol and α-Tocopherol in Human Serum by LC/MS/MS for Bariatric Patients.

The aim of this study was to develop and validate methods for the determination of vitamins B2, B9, E and A in serum using liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (MS) detection. Vitamin analysis was performed using an ultra performance liquid chromatography combined with tandem MS. The compounds were separated on a BEH C18 RP column (2.1 × 100mm, 1.7μm) using a gradient elution with an analysis time of 10min. Sample preparation included protein precipitation with ethanol. The concentration range in human serum was as follows: riboflavin 5-1000nmol/L, folic acid 2.5-250nmol/L, α-tocopherol 0.5-100μmol/L and all-trans-retinol 25-2500nmol/L. Accuracy and precision were validated according to Food and Drug Administration guidelines, with coefficients of variation ranging from 3.1-11.7% and recoveries from 94.4-107.5%. Routine monitoring of the complex range of vitamins in bariatric medicine is still not common. This is despite the fact that patients are at risk for glitch deficits, especially of a neurological nature. An analytical method that allows for the complex measurement of both water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins is important and necessary for the clinical monitoring of bariatric patients. The method we have described could benefit both clinical practice and nutritional research.