System Analysis Method Research Articles

КОНЦЕПЦІЯ НИЗЬКОВУГЛЕЦЕВОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ: МІСЦЕ В СИСТЕМІ СУЧАСНИХ ЕКОЛОГООРІЄНТОВАНИХ СУСПІЛЬНИХ КОНЦЕПЦІЙ

Introduction. The concept of a low-carbon economy is designed to solve the problem of climate change by transforming the socio-ecological-economic system based on the principles of zero greenhouse gas emissions. However, this issue is also addressed in most other environmentally oriented social concepts. The purpose of the article. The purpose of this article is to determine the place of the low-carbon economy within the system of modern environmentally oriented concepts of social development. Methods. The research was conducted by using general scientific and general economic methods. In particular, the most common methods were abstraction, generalization, comparison, induction, deduction, monographic method, axiomatic method, methods of retrospective and systematic analysis. Results. To achieve this goal, the author analyzed the most popular of environmentally oriented social concepts: the concept of sustainable development, the green economy concept, the blue economy concept, the concept of the blue (ocean) economy, and the circular economy concept. Additionally, a schematic model was constructed to illustrate the position of the low-carbon economy within the system of environmentally oriented concepts of social development. The study provides a retrospective analysis of the inception and evolutionary development of each of the researched concepts. Their guiding ideas, main principles, goals, and tasks were identified. Furthermore, the article differentiates between complementary and interchangeable concepts and shows the horizontal and vertical connections among the reviewed concepts. It was established that the issue of global warming is considered in each of the analyzed concepts. Moreover, the relationship between the analyzed concepts and the low-carbon economy concept was examined. Conclusions. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the low-carbon economy concept consolidates measures and mechanisms to address the important and urgent problem of climate change. Within the system of environmentally-oriented social concepts, the investigated concept occupies the place of a specialized concept focused on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and combating climate change to achieve green growth and sustainable development. It is closely related to several other concepts through the common goal of finding ways to combat climate change. Consequently, the ideas of a low-carbon economy have become widespread in the concepts of sustainable development, the green economy, the blue economy, the blue (ocean) economy, and the circular economy.

Analysis of the Russian market of educational programs in the field of additional professional education for specialists of pharmaceutical companies

Abstract Aim conduct an analysis of the Russian market of educational programs in the field of additional professional education for specialists of pharmaceutical companies. Material and methods. The analysis of the market of educational programs was based on the data of the annual reporting of a number of institutions of higher education (reports on the results of the annual self-examination, reports on the results of activities and on the use of assigned state property, monitoring in the main areas of the educational institution of higher education, information and analytical materials based on the results of monitoring the effectiveness of activities educational institutions of higher education) for the period from 2017 to 2021. Based on data obtained, the share indicators of educational organizations in the Russian market of educational services in the field of additional education for specialists of pharmaceutical enterprises were determined. The share indicator was used to determine the concentration of educational services and the level of competition in the market using the concentration index and the Herfindahl-Hirschman index. In addition, during the work, such methods of analysis as generalization, methods of logical, systemic and comparative analysis, expert forecasting were used. Results. Based on the analysis, data were obtained on the profitability of the market for additional professional education services for pharmaceutical industry specialists; the presence of a high level of concentration of educational services in the market of additional professional education with a slight level of competition was established; the features of the implementation of additional professional training for specialists in the pharmaceutical industry are determined. Conclusion. The importance of additional professional education for specialists in the pharmaceutical industry has been confirmed. The further direction of development of the sphere of additional professional education for workers of pharmaceutical enterprises has been determined. The increase in the Russian market of additional educational programs based on current data on the development of the industry was justified. Recommendations have been formulated to expand the currently implemented programs of additional professional education based on the growing needs of the pharmaceutical market.

Improving Mechanisms for an Equitable Transition to Low-Carbon Development within the BRICS Framework

Nowadays transformational changes are going together with the need to address global environmental and climatic challenges. The BRICS member countries realize the need for a fair energy transition to lowcarbon development both within the association and globally.Aim. The objective of the research is to highlight the priority areas that BRICS member countries need to focus on to ensure an equitable and cost-effective transition to low-carbon development at the global level.Tasks. In order to achieve the objective of the study, it is necessary to analyze the components of the BRICS equitable low-carbon development agenda as well as its applicability at the global level.Methods. The research was conducted using the method of systematic analysis of a wide range of academic and empirical sources. The author adheres to a systematic scientific approach.Results. Through the analysis of key initiatives of the BRICS member countries, including legislative ones, five priority areas on which the BRICS needs to focus on to ensure a fair energy transition at the global scale are identified: removing discriminatory measures in multilateral trade, achieving food security and economic growth, facilitating non-discriminatory access to technology, promoting environment and climate cooperation, and enhancing the human resource potential of the energy sector.Conclusions. The author concludes by noting that such a BRICS sustainable development agenda is capable of initiating energy transition processes on a global scale.

Automatic control system for the electric drive of an overhead crane considering elastic connections

Purpose. Investigation of the peculiarities of the automatic control system of an overhead crane electric drive with regard to elastic connections.. Research methods. To achieve this goal, we used the methods of system analysis and modeling with the help of software tools. This made it possible to reflect accurately the processes occurring in the system, as well as to test various operating scenarios and their impact on the overall system efficiency. Results. The study considered the automatic control system of the electric drive and the importance of taking into account elastic connections. The proposed adaptive system uses the RBF neural network. The use of the proposed controller ensures resistance to disturbing influences and allows to level the load oscillations. The adaptability of the system is ensured by changing the parameters (load, speed of movement of mechanisms, stiffness, positioning accuracy, etc.) to meet the operating conditions of the overhead crane. Thanks to this, the system is able to operate efficiently even under variable loads and external influences. Computer modeling of the proposed control system was carried out, which confirmed its effectiveness under various operating conditions. Scientific novelty.This system provides damping of load oscillations and increases the crane positioning accuracy. This is achieved by comparing it with existing control methods according to various criteria. It is proposed to use an algorithm for adapting the parameters of the control system in real time (load, trolley speed, cable length, mechanism stiffness, etc.), which significantly improves (by 5-7% positioning accuracy, by 8-10% stability) the performance of the system. In addition, the study confirmed the ability of the system to adapt to different operating conditions (changed load, variations in travel speed, uneven external disturbances), ensuring the stability and reliability of its operation, which is especially important for ensuring continuous operation of the crane in industrial environments. Practical value. The use of this system can increase the overhead crane productivity by 5-10% compared to traditional control systems. Implementing the system in an industrial environment will significantly improve the efficiency and safety of the crane, as well as reduce maintenance and repair costs. In addition, this system can be used to modernize existing cranes, which will extend their service life and improve their reliability. This opens up new opportunities to improve the efficiency of industrial processes associated with the use of overhead cranes and provides better working conditions for operators.

Fractional-Order Modeling and Stochastic Dynamics Analysis of a Nonlinear Rubbing Overhung Rotor System

To study the nonlinear dynamic behavior and system stability of a rubbing overhung rotor with viscoelastic and memory-effect damping and random uncertain parameters, this paper introduces a fractional-order modeling and stochastic dynamic analysis method for the nonlinear overhung rotor system with frictional impact faults. Firstly, the dynamic equations of the overhung rotor considering friction effect and fractional damping effect are established based on the transfer matrix method and fractional order derivative. Then, the time-domain response of the fractional-order dynamic equations is solved by combining the Runge–Kutta method and the continuous fractional expansion, and the steady-state response characteristics of different fractional damping are analyzed in the deterministic case. Finally, to analyze the response of the system under the effect of stochastic parameters, the sparse grid-based PCE metamodel of the system response is developed. Statistical moments, probability distributions, and sensitivity indices of the response of stochastic systems are revealed. The results of this paper provide a theoretical basis for efficient and accurate prediction of the stochastic response of nonlinear rubbing overhung rotor systems.

Assessing the innovation climate of the region in the formation of innovative development programs

Subject. The article addresses economic and managerial relations arising in the process of building the innovative climate of the region. Objectives. The study aims to develop methodological provisions for assessing the innovative climate of the region in the formation of innovative development programs. Methods. We employ methods of systems analysis, comparison, abstraction, synthesis, generalization, structuring, and formalization. Results. We analyzed the existing methods for assessing the innovation climate in the region, proposed methodological provisions for this purpose. Our own algorithm to assess the innovation climate in the region considers stages of formation of innovative development programs. The paper offers a methodological approach to innovation climate assessment from a regional perspective. Conclusions. The formation of a favorable innovation climate in the region enables to enhance its competitiveness, improve the socio-economic situation, increase the share of domestic companies in the high-tech markets, ensure the implementation of innovative programs. Regular assessment of innovation climate is an essential procedure within the framework of managing the innovative development of the region.

Constitutional Guarantees of Intellectual Property Protection in the Context of Digital Transformation: Ukrainian Experience

The purposes of this research are to determine the legal status of intellectual property in the context of digital transformation; to analyse the role of innovative digital technologies in the legal regulation of intellectual property issues; to provide a detailed description of the measures of constitutional protection of intellectual property in the context of digital transformation in Ukraine; to systematize knowledge about constitutional guarantees of intellectual property protection; to determine the role of specialised courts in ensuring intellectual property protection; to provide specific proposals for the development of the legal framework for intellectual property protection. An important aspect of the current study is an in-depth analysis of the challenges and threats of digital transformation to intellectual property. In order to achieve this purpose, the following methods were used: the general philosophical method, the method of system analysis, synthesis, the dialectical method and the formal logical method, the method of deduction and induction. These methods have been used to formulate scientifically significant and practical conclusions on proposals for improving intellectual property legislation in line with the challenges and threats of digital transformation, as well as to provide interim conclusions in accordance with the research purpose.

Cathedrals as Instruments of Influence on Public Consciousness in Medieval Western Europe (10th-16th Centuries)

This study explores the functional impact of Christian cathedrals in Western Europe on medieval public consciousness. Utilizing a systemic analysis method and a values-based approach, cathedrals are examined as structural elements within the framework of religious communication, serving as key instruments for shaping public consciousness during the Middle Ages. Through these edifices, the core tenets of Christianity were disseminated to the masses. Special attention is given to the art of stone calendars, which are considered a significant factor in the formation of a Christian worldview during this period. The study identifies the value-laden, symbolic, and functional characteristics of medieval cathedrals as tools of religious communication. It outlines the overarching principles of architectural organization in Catholic churches in relation to their roles in influencing public consciousness. The influence of Romanesque cathedrals on the trajectory of public consciousness in medieval Western Europe is also examined. The author concludes that Christian cathedrals, as instruments of influence on medieval public conscious-ness, possessed a pronounced managerial and motivational effect, fulfilling a wide range of sociocultural functions that contributed to the stabilization and spiritual-moral development of medieval Western European society.

Natural and socio-cultural factors of epidemics (plague, smallpox): The example of the Adyghe population of the Northwest Caucasus

Background. The article discusses the problem of the impact of epidemic diseases on ethnogenesis. As an ancient agricultural ethnic group in contact with nomadic and Mediterranean populations, the Adyghe were formed during periods of frequent epidemics of dangerous diseases caused by the process of animal domestication and subsequent impact of anthropogenic factors. The devastating effect of smallpox and measles pandemics was felt following the establishment of intensive trade exchange during the 2nd century CE by the Roman and the Han empires. The first plague pandemic (beginning with the “Justinianic Plague”, 542–543) mostly affected the Balkans and the Eastern Mediterranean. The second plague pandemic, the so-called “Black Death” (1346–1353), which appeared in the center of the Mongol Empire, quickly spread via caravan routes across most of Eurasia. The scale of the epidemic was influenced by the pathogenic complex that had developed by the 14th century, which included humans, the bacterial pathogenic agent itself, and its carriers (large rodents especially black rats, fleas). Factors such as famine caused by overpopulation, low standards of personal and public hygiene, the prevalence of wooden buildings in cities and towns, the fur trade, etc., also had contributory effects. Objectives. The study set out to identify the natural and the socio-cultural factors that influenced the spread of the plague and the smallpox epidemics in the North-West Caucasus. Methods. The data on which this study is based are formed from collections of narrative sources (Russian, Arabic-Persian, European), archaeological and historical-anthropological works, medical and genetic studies (electronic platforms: eLIBRARY.RU, Academia.edu, CyberLeninka, J-STAGE [Japan Science Technology Information Aggregator, Electronic]). Research methods: historical and comparative, on which basis a comparative analysis of the impact of the plague pandemic of the mid-14th century centering on contact between on nomadic and sedentary ethnic groups (Mongols and Russians, Mongols and Circassians) was carried out; the individualizing comparison method, which was used to identify the specific means by which the Circassian ethnic group overcame the Black Death pandemic; the systems analysis method, on which basis the roles of pathogenic complex and anthropogenic factors in the course of epidemics were compared. Results. The results of the analysis show that the population of the North-West Caucasus were affected by the Black Death plague of the mid-14th century to a significantly lesser extent than the urban centers of the Golden Horde, Rus’ and Europe. The serendipitous failure of the pathogenic complex in the former region was due to the following natural and anthropogenic factors: (1) the North-West Caucasus (more precisely, the entire area to the west of the Teberda River) was naturally bereft of effective carriers of the plague bacillus (marmots, gophers, etc.); (2) Matrega and Copa, the two contemporaneous Circassian towns serving as ports for the shipment of grain and other agricultural products, were located on the periphery of the Adyghe settlement area; (3) the dispersed, farmstead way of life among the estuaries and the complex network of peninsulas of the Kuban Delta, mountains and forests of the NWC contributed to the rapid adoption of quarantine measures; (4) a reliable vitamin-rich nutrition system (sturgeon and their caviar, goat meat and cheese, fruit, honey, etc.); (5) a well-developed system of hygiene and disease prevention (smallpox, malaria), whose existence was retrospectively established based on sources from the 17th–19th centuries. Conclusion. The plague pandemic that took place within the unified space of Mongol imperial communications had a huge impact on the historical fate of the Adyghe ethnic group, which was manifested in their paradoxical numerical growth against the backdrop of general depopulation. Against the backdrop of frequent epidemics, Adyghe developed strict and quite effective rules for preserving life and health, covering disease prevention, personal and public hygiene. Some particularly impressive practices, if not created by Adyghe folk medicine, then preserved there and later transmitted to Ottoman Turkey and Western Europe, was manifested in the original practice of smallpox inoculation.

Spike by spike frequency analysis of amperometry traces provides statistical validation of observations in the time domain

Amperometry is a commonly used electrochemical method for studying the process of exocytosis in real-time. Given the high precision of recording that amperometry procedures offer, the volume of data generated can span over several hundreds of megabytes to a few gigabytes and therefore necessitates systematic and reproducible methods for analysis. Though the spike characteristics of amperometry traces in the time domain hold information about the dynamics of exocytosis, these biochemical signals are, more often than not, characterized by time-varying signal properties. Such signals with time-variant properties may occur at different frequencies and therefore analyzing them in the frequency domain may provide statistical validation for observations already established in the time domain. This necessitates the use of time-variant, frequency-selective signal processing methods as well, which can adeptly quantify the dominant or mean frequencies in the signal. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is a well-established computational tool that is commonly used to find the frequency components of a signal buried in noise. In this work, we outline a method for spike-based frequency analysis of amperometry traces using FFT that also provides statistical validation of observations on spike characteristics in the time domain. We demonstrate the method by utilizing simulated signals and by subsequently testing it on diverse amperometry datasets generated from different experiments with various chemical stimulations. To our knowledge, this is the first fully automated open-source tool available dedicated to the analysis of spikes extracted from amperometry signals in the frequency domain.

Index of development of transport infrastructure as a factor of sustainable development of the coastal zone of the Sea of Azov, Russia

As a zone of interaction between land and sea, coastal zones are becoming a strategic area for achieving a sustainable expansion of economic space. The object of study is the coastal zone of the Sea of Azov (Rostov Region and Krasnodar Territory). The subject of the study is an assessment of the dynamics of transport infrastructure development index as a factor in the sustainable development of the coastal zone of the Sea of Azov.Methodological approaches to assessing the sustainable development of the territory were based on a methodology based on methods of system analysis, mathematical modeling, and GIS technologies. An indicator has been formulated that considers the area of the territory, the population, the length of public roads of local importance, the shipment of goods of local production, the work and services performed on their own, in order to measure the ‘economic’ load on the transport infrastructure.The analysis of the state of the transport infrastructure of the regions of the coastal zone for the period from 2015 to 2021 was carried out. Based on an analysis of the transport infrastructure index, it was concluded that the attraction of municipalities to the Rostov agglomeration, together with the strengthening of social, trade and infrastructure contacts with megacities will lead to a further increase in the anthropogenic load on the territory. The areas studied of the Krasnodar Territory belong to the Northern Economic Zone – a territory with a diversified economy, characterised by cross‐border links with neighboring regions.Highways are the most important link in the transport and logistics system. The level of development and the technical condition of the road network have a significant and diverse impact on the economic and social development of both the state as a whole and it individual regions.

Public non‐financial reporting: Reflection of environmental aspects of development and activities of economic entities

The article considers economically significant information reflected in public non‐financial reporting, enabling reflection on the environmental aspects of an organization's development. The analysis aims to articulate problems in the disclosure economically significant information in public non‐financial reporting due to a significant difference between national and international requirements in terms of the environmental aspects of development.In the process of conducting this study, a monograph (descriptive) research method, a system analysis method and a comparative analysis method were used.The results of the study confirmed the need to improve environmental reporting as part of the development of the concept of non‐public financial reporting, while authors emphasising the need to develop the composition and content of environmental reporting, taking into account the integration of financial and non‐financial reporting. The application of the approaches outlined in the article allowed the generation of more transparent information for all interested users regarding the environmental activities of companies and will bring national and international standards closer to application.The environmental reporting of companies and its components are proposed as part of the development of the concept of public non‐ financial reporting.

Specific features of production and use of transportation biofuels in selected developing countries (part II)

Aim. To identify specific features of production and use of transportation biofuels in selected developing countries, as well as to assess the potential of bioethanol industry development in the Russian Federation (RF).Objectives. To assess the economic efficiency of bioethanol production in Russia; to reveal the potential of applying foreign experience in the development of bioethanol industry in our country.Methods. In the process of the research the methods of system analysis, comparative analysis, method of expert evaluations, mathematical, statistical methods were applied.Results. The actual estimation of economic efficiency of bioethanol production in Russia was obtained. The cost of a unit of bioethanol, which is equivalent to a liter of gasoline in terms of energy content, is 5-36% higher than the cost of a liter of gasoline (depending on the production technology). At the same time, state support for the production and use of bioethanol in our country is reasonable. This will allow to create additional demand for grain crops and reduce carbon dioxide emissions from motor transport. The production and use of bioethanol will form an additional supply in the gasoline market, will give an opportunity to support projects on deep processing of grain and wood chemistry.Conclusions. The experience of Brazil, China and Indonesia in the development of bioethanol industry is relevant for Russia. At the same time, in order to minimize possible risks in the field of food security at the initial stage of bioethanol industry development, low-quality grain stocks should be used as feedstock and the production of second-generation bioethanol should be stimulated.

On Observer and Controller Design for Nonlinear Hadamard Fractional-Order One-Sided Lipschitz Systems

This paper presents an extensive investigation into the state feedback stabilization, observer design, and observer-based controller design for a specific category of nonlinear Hadamard fractional-order systems. The research extends the conventional integer-order derivative to the Hadamard fractional-order derivative, offering a more universally applicable method for system analysis. Furthermore, the traditional Lipschitz condition is adapted to a one-sided Lipschitz condition, broadening the range of systems amenable to analysis using these techniques. The efficacy of the proposed theoretical findings is illustrated through several numerical examples. For instance, in Example 1, we select an order of derivative r = 0.8; in Example 2, r is set to 0.9; and in Example 3, r = 0.95. This study enhances the comprehension and regulation of nonlinear Hadamard fractional-order systems, setting the stage for future explorations in this domain.

INNOVATIVE STRATEGIES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION FOR THE ECONOMIC RECOVERY OF POST-CONFLICT REGIONS: PROSPECTS OF IMPLEMENTATION IN UKRAINE

The purpose of this article is to research innovative strategies of the European Union, which are aimed at the economic recovery of post-conflict regions, as well as to determine the possibilities of their adaptation for use in Ukraine. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that after the full-scale invasion of Russia on the territory of Ukraine, Donetsk, Luhansk, Kherson, Zaporizhzhya, etc. oblasts were under the terror of the occupiers, which negatively affected their residents, infrastructure and development of these territories. Their restoration requires the use of new approaches, including the introduction of innovative technologies and tools. The European Union has a lot of experience in this area, and its strategies can be useful for Ukraine in terms of accelerating the reconstruction process and creating favorable conditions for economic growth. The methods of system analysis, comparative analysis and the case study method were used to achieve the research goal. The systematic analysis made it possible to study a set of economic, social and political factors that influence the recovery of post-conflict regions, and the comparative method helped to determine the most effective European strategies that can be adapted to Ukrainian realities. The case study method made it possible to analyze in depth successful examples of the application of innovative strategies in EU countries, such as Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is of great importance for the development of recommendations for the implementation of similar approaches in Ukraine. The results of the study show that innovative strategies play an important role in the reconstruction of post-conflict regions. The European Union has developed a number of tools for the reconstruction of destroyed territories, among which investments in digital transformation, development of small and medium-sized businesses, infrastructure restoration and introduction of "green" technologies occupy an important place. In particular, the European Structural and Investment Funds provide financial support to rebuild infrastructure and stimulate economic growth in conflict-affected regions. The «Horizon Europe» program also contributes to the financing of scientific research and the development of technological innovations, which can be extremely useful for the recovery of Ukraine. The practical value of the article lies in the development of a recommendation on the adaptation of innovative EU strategies for the reconstruction of the de-occupied territories of Ukraine. The implementation of these strategies can not only contribute to economic growth, but also help create new jobs, restore infrastructure and increase the investment attractiveness of regions. In addition, the introduction of "green" technologies and digital transformation can contribute to the sustainable development and integration of Ukrainian territories into the European economic system. An important aspect is also the development of human capital through educational programs and vocational retraining, which will ensure long-term growth and social stability in regions devastated by military actions.

Censorship of Agitprop in the Upper Volga press in the 1920s

Importance. The censorship of periodicals in the Upper Volga region during the New Economic Policy years is considered. The research of Soviet propaganda remains relevant in the context of studying the history of the USSR, political communication and mass media. Even in modern Russia, there is a request for the development of a cultural level using the mass media, in the implementation of which the experience of a century ago can help. The purpose of the research is to examine the mechanism for implementing the censorship policy of the Soviet state in the Upper Volga region using the example of the work of agitprop.Materials and Methods. Methods of system analysis, principles of historicism and scientific objectivity are used. The archival materials stored in the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History are used.Results and Discussion. The country needed urgent and fairly profound cultural changes, and this had to be done not only by methods of combating illiteracy, but also by propaganda, including in the periodical press. Newspapers are a cheap and easy way to disseminate information, but in an illiterate country it is not very easy to use. The party’s propaganda department had to deal with this phenomenon.Conclusion. Conclusions about the significant intervention of the Agitprop department in regional periodicals in order to form an ideologically correct understanding of the world and the political situation in the country are formulated.

Fatigue strength reliability assessment of turbofan blades subjected to intake disturbances based on the improved kriging model

This paper aims to develop an efficient and precise reliability analysis method to enhance the numerical prediction accuracy for complex structures. Kriging, an implicit surrogate model, used to address highly nonlinear and complex problems. In this study, genetic algorithms (GA) are utilized to optimize the parameters of the Kriging model, which is then integrated with a distributed collaborative strategy to introduce the Genetic Algorithm Optimized Distributed Collaborative Kriging Model (DCGAK). Using the CFM56-fan blade as a case study, the impact of intake disturbances at the engine inlet is evaluated to assess the fatigue strength reliability of the blade. Comparison with different mathematical models demonstrates that the prediction accuracy of DCGAK closely aligns with the Monte Carlo sampling results, suggesting promising prospects for its application in numerical prediction and reliability analysis. This approach enriches the current methods for structural reliability analysis of complex mechanical systems.

Assessment of the effectiveness of management at the regional level based on the analysis of the activities of authorities

Relevance. The problem of effective management of regional development is becoming more and more urgent due to the emergence of new conditions (obstacles) of functioning, which pose the task of creating programs for the most effective management of subjects to the regions of Russia and executive authorities. It is important to note the choice of the subject: the Kursk region is an important region of the Central Federal District due to its potential and geographical location.The subject has a specialization in important sectors of the entire Russian economy, but at the same time may face inefficient management, which will cause a decline in the regional economy. The purpose is to assess the effectiveness of management of an economic entity on the example of the Kursk region by analyzing the activities of executive authorities.Objectives: to establish the parameters of effective management; to study regional policy as a means of increasing the effectiveness of regional development; to study methods for assessing the effectiveness of regional development through the prism of actions of public authorities; to compare the economic structures of the Kursk region and neighboring regions of the region using specific methodologies; to identify the main problems in the development of the Kursk region.Methodology. To carry out the research, methods of system analysis and synthesis, statistical data processing, as well as comparative and expert analysis are used. The results of the study include an analysis of the effectiveness of regional policy in the Kursk region and the identification of the main problems in the activities of government agencies that affect the economic growth of the subject.Conclusions. The Kursk Region is an ambiguous region regarding the quality of regional economic management. Studying the state support of subjects, their management by authorities, we can say that in the field of ecology and industrial development, the state supports the region sufficiently, since these areas are specialized in the region, which cannot be said about other areas. Despite the weak development of other industries, the state needs to provide significant support to such specialized sectors as agriculture and industry.

Legal principles of pre-trial investigation war crimes

The modern legal principles of the activity of law enforcement agencies regarding the investigation of war crimes have been defined. It is emphasized that war crimes are complex in terms of their mechanism of commission, which is characterized by consequences in the form of significant destruction of civilian infrastructure objects, a large number of unidentified dead; instruments of commission, which neither pre-trial investigation bodies nor forensic experts have encountered before; by persons of criminals who change their locations, including those who are in the territory of another state, etc. It is noted that in Ukraine since the declaration of the legal regime of martial law by the Decree of the President of Ukraine, significant changes have taken place in the criminal procedural legislation, which established a special regime of pre-trial investigation and trial under martial law conditions, provided for in Section IX-1 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine. It is noted that the pre-trial investigation of war crimes requires considerable expenditure of resources, including human resources, due to which employees of various law enforcement agencies, including units of the National Police, are involved in carrying out certain procedural actions. Legal problems in the activities of the National Police of Ukraine regarding the organizational features of the pre-trial investigation that need to be resolved at the legislative and departmental levels are highlighted. Proposals are made to improve the legislation on the regulation of the term “war crime” in the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The requirements regarding the procedure for collecting evidence of war crimes for the purpose of further transfer of materials for consideration by the International Criminal Court have been updated. Attention is focused on the fact that the principles, subjects and forms of interaction at the national and international levels during the pre-trial investigation of war crimes should be properly regulated. During the writing of the article, the methods of dialectics, comparative legal and systemic analysis, and formal logic were used.

Features of Forming the Legal Consciousness in the Modern Settings and Its Influence on the State of Lawfulness

Introduction. The Constitution of the Russian Federation defines the benchmarks ensuring an appropriate level of development for the important spheres of life, a high living standard, which requires a comprehensive approach to forming the human potential of the generations of the Russian citizens. The quintessence of the Russian statehood strategic development implies minimisation of the prerequisites inducing formation of the destructive legal consciousness in citizens, which obstructs achievement of the legal order in the country. In the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation, among the list of national interests, a significant place is allocated to saving the people of Russia, to development of the human potential. The state strategic planning document had defined the following goals: upbringing a harmoniously developed and socially responsible citizen, forming in the society the attitude of intolerance to illegal activities. No doubt, in Russia, the trend of the power exercising mechanism to undergo modern institutional changes is caused by the social modernization and is targeted at the conceptual ideas of the constitutionalism. The economic and socio-political transformations inevitably affect not only formation of the legal environment, but also structuring the public consciousness, which concepts predetermine the development of the reasoned and practically oriented legal solutions. The state of the public perception of the legal phenomena should be constantly monitored due to the continuous impact imposed on it by the transformations in the state structure of the governmental and administrative authorities. The scientific understanding of these processes should not be underestimated, otherwise this can cause the psychological turbulence of a significant part of the population in choosing the behavioural patterns of lawful behaviour. In the context of transformation of the social determination process, which is attributed with a complicated range of the antisocially-motivated impacts, significantly limiting the preventive social and law enforcement potential, the present research is relevant due to the special importance assigned to precise, steady and uniform application of the legislative provisions, the degree of their functional social harmonisation in the social relation regulation mechanism. The deformations of the citizens’ legal consciousness are the factors hindering the achievement of the high efficiency in implementation of the fundamental principles of the supremacy of law. The research aims at investigating the functional role of the legal consciousness in the legal regulation mechanism of the modern social formations, at analysing the problems of exercising the state policy in the frame of forming the positive perception of the legal phenomena among the citizens and revealing the interrelations of the legal consciousness deformations and stimulation of the legitimate behavioural variation.Materials and Methods. The article analyses the results of the research of the native and foreign scientists on the regularities in the public perception of the state and legal phenomena and impact thereof on the legitimate behavioural variation. The general scientific and specific scientific methods were used in the research, such as the statistical method and the method of system analysis of data characteristic of the phenomena affecting the state of lawfulness in Russia.Results. The regularities in the functional role of the legal consciousness within the mechanism of legal regulation of the social relations have been acknowledged. The substance of the legal consciousness interrelations with the legal ideology and legal psychology has been revealed. The problems of efficiency of the state policy in forming the civil legal consciousness have been determined. It has been proposed to integrate into the scholarly discourse such a type of legal consciousness deformation as legal dementia, which predetermines the state of lawfulness in the modern Russian society.Discussion and Conclusion. The practical side of the legal consciousness reflects the behavioural attitudes of a person, his readiness to use in practice his theoretical knowledge and value assessments. The law-related feelings, emotions, ideas, principles, attitudes that have become a part of a person’s legal consciousness, subsequently determine his actions in the legal framework. To ensure protection of the national mental values and to prevent emergence of the destructive attitudes in the society, changes in the educational, scientific, cultural and other spheres should be made taking into account the historical traditions and the experience accumulated by the Russian society. Unfortunately, nowadays, among the main problems of the lawmaking and law enforcement processes in Russia are weak scientific and analytical justification of the draft laws, low quality of laws, acute legal collisions within the law system, violations of the intra-system relations that result in a tendency of citizens’ legal estrangement.