Method For Rejuvenation Research Articles

Rejuvenation of the Lower Eyelid and Midface with Deep Nasolabial Fat Lift in East Asians.

Correcting infraorbital hollowness is an important procedure for midface rejuvenation. Sub-orbicularis oculi fat lift is a commonly used method. However, adipose tissue, which has been thought of as sub-orbicularis oculi fat, has recently been controversial. The objective of this study was to introduce a method of midface rejuvenation using deep nasolabial fat lift (MRDN) by means of lower blepharoplasty and to compare surgical outcomes between MRDN and lower blepharoplasty with fat transposition (LBF). The medical records of patients who had undergone midface rejuvenation with lower blepharoplasty between 2013 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Questionnaires, digital photographs, and charts were used to evaluate the surgical outcomes and complications. The degree of aging was graded as mild, moderate, or severe. LBF and MRDN were used for mild and severe grades, respectively. For the moderate grade, the preferred surgical method of the two methods was selected and surgical outcomes were compared. The MRDN technique included LBF. Postoperative satisfaction was significantly higher ( P < 0.001), recurrence rate for tear trough ( P = 0.046) and fat bulging ( P = 0.005) was significantly lower, duration of swelling ( P < 0.001) was significantly longer, and incidence of chemosis ( P = 0.024) was significantly higher in the MRDN group than in the LBF group. Regarding lid malposition, transient retraction was higher in the LBF group, whereas cicatricial ectropion was higher in the MRDN group; however, these differences were not significant. MRDN is associated with higher patient satisfaction and surgical longevity without serious complications than LBF. Therapeutic, III.

Autologous Plasma Gel as an Effective Method of Facial Volume Restoration and Skin Rejuvenation

The primary aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the potential effectiveness of autologous platelet gel as a method for facial volume restoration and skin rejuvenation. High‐frequency ultrasonography was utilized to assess the outcomes of the treatment. The study included a cohort of ten female patients aged between 40 and 50 who actively participated in the research. They reported moderate‐to‐severe static and dynamic wrinkles, volume loss, thinning, and roughness of the skin. Each patient received one session of autologous platelet gel injections. The gel was prepared accordingly with the manufacturer’s (INNMEDIS, ATR™) instructions. Medium viscosity gel was injected into the superficial subdermal fat pads in the temples, as well as in the middle and lower face areas, to improve facial volume. A high‐frequency ultrasound (US) device was employed to quantify skin density, skin thickness, and the depth of nasolabial folds. The US images were captured at three time points: before gel administration, one month after the procedure, and three months after the procedure. The imaging focused on the nasolabial folds area to monitor changes and assess the effectiveness of the treatment over time. Based on the analyses, the use of autologous platelet gel is beneficial towards improving skin density and decreasing nasolabial fold depth. However, further research should be conducted into the gel’s effects on dermis thickness to achieve a stronger, more statistically significant conclusion. The level of satisfaction of the enrolled patients regarding their facial appearance was evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS). The VAS assessment revealed an average score of 4.1 before the commencement of the treatment, an average score of 7.9 one month after the treatment, and an average score of 7.5 three months following the treatment. The results indicate a significant increase in patient satisfaction following treatment completion. Autologous platelet gel appears to hold promise as a treatment option for volume replacement and skin rejuvenation, making it an attractive choice for individuals seeking natural skin treatments. Despite the encouraging findings from this observation, further validation is required through a larger controlled study to definitively confirm whether autologous platelet gel is indeed an effective method for volume replacement and skin rejuvenation.

Modern surgical methods for rejuvenation of the lower third of the face and neck

Modern surgical methods for rejuvenation of the lower third of the face and neck

In Vivo Investigation of the Biostimulatory and Rejuvenating Effects of Small-Particle Cross-linked Hyaluronic Acid Injections in Photoaged Human Skin.

Injection of cross-linked hyaluronic acid (CLHA) has been traditionally utilized to treat wrinkles and provide volume. Recent studies have also shown that intradermal placement of CLHA provides lasting secondary effects and may be a useful method for improving skin appearance and physiology. The aim of this study was to investigate the biostimulatory effects and potential underlying mechanisms induced by repeated intradermal microinjections of small-particle cross-linked hyaluronic acid (SPCLHA) for skin rejuvenation. Eight patients with photoaged forearm skin underwent three intradermal microinjections of SPCLHA and isotonic sodium chloride (control). At 0, 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks, biophysical parameters were measured, and skin biopsies were obtained at 12 and 24 weeks for assessment employing histological and immunohistochemical analyses, transmission electron microscope, and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. SPCLHA treatments significantly improved skin appearance and physiologic functions starting at 8 weeks. Histologic examination revealed thickening of the epidermis, more red-stained collagen fibers in the dermis, and increased formation of blood vessels in SPCLHA-treated skin. Immunohistochemical evaluation showed increased collagen deposition, proliferation of keratinocytes and fibroblasts, and cutaneous vascularity in SPCLHA-treated skin compared with controls. Fibroblasts appeared morphologically stretched with well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum. Gene expression concerning various extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and growth factors was upregulated at 12 weeks and several genes remained upregulated at 24 weeks. Intradermal microinjections of SPCLHA can stimulate production of collagen and other ECM components, restore the structural integrity of dermal microenvironment, and may be considered an effective method for skin rejuvenation.

Vasectomy in Interwar Europe: From Medical to Political Practices

Summary The history of vasectomy, which began at the end of the nineteenth century, was made more complex during the inter-war period. While vasectomy was used as a method of rejuvenation in many European countries and was advocated as a means of enforcing eugenicist policies, it was used also clandestinely for contraception since the late 1920s. Male sterilisation has been the subject of a transfer of knowledge from the medical to the political sphere. While doctors were discreetly going beyond the therapeutic framework, clandestine militant action was gradually organised. The networks developed beyond borders and the biography of a clandestine steriliser highlights the forms of popularisation of an expertise specific to the anarchist circles. While the practice of the operation itself questions men’s involvement in contraception, its legal treatment demonstrated the limits of personal disposal of oneself, whereas its political use underlined the stakes of reappropriation of sexual knowledge.

Correction of age-related changes of the face skin using radiofrequency micro needling. Brief literature review

The problem of choosing a method for skin rejuvenation remains relevant despite a wide selection of conservative and surgical methods for eliminating age-related changes. In recent years, treatment methods for voluminous and traumatic ones have been striving for minimally invasive, quickly feasible with an optimal result that should meet both the needs of patients and doctors. For this reason, injection and hardware methods of rejuvenation began to come to the fore, especially when correcting changes on the face. Cosmetic devices based on radiofrequency can compete in efficiency with laser technology, having their own specific advantages.&#x0D; The aim of the work was to evaluate the available literature sources related to the use of radiofrequency in dermatology and dermatocosmetology, especially for leveling age-related changes in the skin of the face.&#x0D; The available literature sources from Russian and foreign databases (Elibrary, PubMed, Google Academia) were analyzed on the use of radiofrequency and radiofrequency micro needling in dermatocosmetology for facial skin rejuvenation.&#x0D; The analysis showed the widespread use of radio frequency in dermatocosmetology, its high efficiency and safety, however, there are very few full-fledged studies devoted to radio frequency microneedling.&#x0D; In our opinion, radiofrequency microneedling is a significant step forward compared to traditional radiofrequency devices, especially for facial skin rejuvenation by increasing the safety and effectiveness of the procedure. The use of radiofrequency microneedling can be effective for correcting age-related skin changes, especially in the face area, both as monotherapy and in combination with other methods of rejuvenation.

Tear trough ligament reset as a new method for tear trough deformity and dark circles correction

Tear trough deformities and dark circles are important parts of periorbital aging. In this study, the tear trough ligament was reset to correct the tear trough deformity, and its effect on dark circles was analysed. The medical records of 60 patients who underwent eye bag plastic surgery between January 2021 and February 2022 were analysed (30 had traditional eye bag plastic surgery and 30 had the tear trough ligament reset). The tear trough deformity score and the dark circle score showed that the corrective effect on the tear trough deformity in the reset group was better than in the traditional surgery group at six-month follow up (mean (SD) tear trough rating scale (TTRS) score = 4.82 (0.95) vs 5.92 (1.00), p < 0.0001; L* value 55.27 (2.90) vs 47.51 (3.00), p < 0.0001). The satisfaction of patients in the reset group was significantly higher than it was in the traditional surgery group (25/30 vs 18/30, p = 0.045). Tear trough ligament reset is a safe and effective surgical method of periorbital rejuvenation, especially for beauty seekers with obvious tear trough deformities.

Transcutaneous Radiofrequency Microneedling in the Facial Plastic Surgeon's Practice: A Review.

Importance: Minimally invasive methods for skin rejuvenation are in high demand. A diverse array of minimally invasive devices has been developed for aesthetical purposes and should be considered to help patients achieve their goals. Observations: Radiofrequency (RF) microneedling is a safe and effective intervention for treatment of various aesthetical and dermatological conditions in all skin types. This review highlights Morpheus8 (InMode, Inc., Irvine, CA) and what differentiates it from other similar devices. Conclusions and Relevance: RF microneedling addresses aesthetical and dermatological concerns for a diverse variety of patients in whom surgical intervention may not be desired. Morpheus8 has unique technological properties and advances that make it the preferred device for many practices.

Radiofrequency Microneedling for Skin Tightening of the Lower Face, Jawline, and Neck Region.

Radiofrequency microneedling (RFMN) treatment is the latest generation of fractional skin rejuvenation methods. To evaluate the efficacy, safety, tolerability and patient satisfaction of RFMN treatment for skin rejuvenation of the lower face and neck area. A prospective, intraindividual, controlled study. Subjects were treated with a fractional insulated RFMN system with 1 to 3 sessions at intervals of 4 to 12 weeks. Follow-up visits were scheduled on Day 90 and 180 posttreatment. Outcome was assessed by volume analysis of standardized 3-dimensional imaging, and validated clinical scales were rated by the physician, a blinded investigator, and patients. Thirty patients (mean age 55.5 years, Fitzpatrick skin type I-IV) were included. Mean submental volume difference was -4.72 cm3 (±10.07 cm3; range -26.65 cm3 to +16.01 cm3). Physician, blinded investigator, and subjects rated the clinical outcome as highly improved. Mean pain intensity was 5.61/10 on Numeric Rating Scale. Beside slight swelling and redness, no relevant downtime has been observed. Fractional RFMN treatment is a safe and effective technique for rejuvenation of the lower face, jawline, and neck region. Sufficient pain management should be provided. Data indicated low to no downtime and high patient satisfaction.

Intraoral Approach to Fat Grafting Based on the Mimetic Muscle Unit.

Recently, the concepts of anatomic-based fat grafting and mid-facial anatomy have been studied. However, there is no clear consensus on the optimal fat grafting technique. We aimed to introduce a novel intraoral approach to fat grafting based on mid-facial mimetic muscles, wherein a substantial amount of fat was injected into appropriate locations to increase patient satisfaction and decrease the need for additional surgical techniques. Sixty-four Asian women (mean age, 41.2 y) who had undergone fat grafting through the intraoral approach between 2014 and 2019 were enrolled. We sequentially performed the following steps: fat harvesting, centrifugation, and fat injection. All patients were followed at an outpatient clinic for 6 to 12 months. We obtained photographs of their face before and at 3 and 6 months postoperatively and conducted a 5-point scale questionnaire survey at the 2 time points postoperatively to evaluate the satisfaction of patients and surgeons. We divided the mid-facial areas into malar eminence, infraorbital, and nasolabial fold areas and evaluated the following items: volume consistency, softness, irregularity, and overall satisfaction. Patients reported "satisfactory" for the postoperative results. There were only 2 cases of complication among the 64 cases which resolved spontaneously. The highest and lowest satisfaction were reported for the malar eminence and nasolabial fold areas, respectively. Fat grafting through the intraoral approach based on the mimetic muscle unit is an effective and safe method for mid-facial rejuvenation.

Ecological characteristics of ornamental plants and their use in landscape architecture

The paper deals with abiotic environmental factors affecting the decorative effect created by plants belonging to various biomorphs in the conditions of the continental climate. The authors have identified some problems of Siberian landscaping. They are 1) insufficient knowledge by landscape architects of the ecological and biological features of trees and shrubs and their belonging to certain zones of frost resistance; 2) the use of ornamental plants with a short period of ontogenesis in landscape compositions; 3) insufficient involvement of late summer and autumn flowering perennial plants in landscaping. It is shown that the degree of winter damage of the aboveground shoot system of trees and shrubs is influenced not only by the absolute values of minimum temperatures, but also by the duration of their exposure. Methods of rejuvenation of ornamental plants from the family Ranunculaceae used in landscape architecture are proposed. As a result of long-term studies of the Chrysanthemum L. generic complex, including species, forms and varieties, conducted in the CSBG, a garden group of Korean chrysanthemums has been identified. Its representatives, characterized by average flowering periods and blooming at a day longitude of 1314 hours, can significantly fill the period including September and even the first half of October with their ornamental effect. The characteristics of resistance and ornamental qualities of some species and varieties of plants included in the biological resource collection USU 44053 are given.

Facial rejuvenation by microneedling with irradiated amniotic collagen matrix compared to platelet rich plasma.

Many modalities are used for treatment of facial wrinkles, such as microneedling that enhances collagen production, and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) which contains concentrated levels of growth factors. The human amniotic membrane isolated from the placentae of donors (during elective cesarean sections) has high levels of growth factors that help in rejuvenation by improving the migration and proliferation of keratinocytes, fibroblasts and increased collagen synthesis. Was to confirm the efficacy of irradiated amniotic collagen matrix (IACM) versus platelet rich plasma (PRP) delivered via microneedling in facial rejuvenation. The present study included 20 patients with facial wrinkles divided into two groups using split face technique: Group A subjected to microneedling with topical IACM on the right side of the face. Group B subjected to microneedling with topical PRP on the left side of the face. Patients received six sessions 2 weeks apart. Photos by Antera camera and skin biopsies were taken to assess the clinical results. There were a statistically significant improvement in both sides after than before treatment; with better improvement in patients treated with IACM more than patients treated with PRP using microneedling in both sides as proved clinically (assessed by WSRS and GAIS scale), pathologically (Orcein and Masson trichrome stain) and by Antera camera (texture and pigmentation). Microneedling using IACM is a new, safe and effective method for facial rejuvenation, more effective when compared to microneedling using PRP; in need for further studies to evaluate the correct dose and number of sessions to get the best outcome.

Eugenia uniflora L. seedling production by cutting: substrate, sazonality, auxine and rejuvenation methods

Eugenia uniflora is a species that presents great phytochemical variability, due to its main form of propagation, the seminal, which makes the cultivation of this commercial crop unfeasible. Therefore, the objective of this work was to develop a protocol for vegetative propagation of Eugenia uniflora by stem cuttings. Substrates (Tropstrato®, vermiculite and sand), indolbutyric acid concentrations, rejuvenation methods (drastic pruning and minicutting) and harvesting times (winter, summer, autumn and winter) of the stems were compared. The highest rooting percentage and quality of the root system in cuttings were obtained when commercial substrate Tropstrato® and with some method of rejuvenation were used. The minicutting was more efficient, reaching almost 50% of rooting when collected in summer . Stem cuttings from plants that did not undergo any kind of rejuvenation, regardless of the time of collection, did not result in root formation. No anatomical changes were observed between cuttings from rejuvenated and non-rejuvenated plant material, indicating that the rhizogenic process did not occur in the cuttings originated from plants without rejuvenation because of biochemical and/or physiological reasons. The treatment of the stem cuttings with IBA did not result in increase of rooting, therefore the use of this plant regulator is not recommended.

Evaluation of Skin Biophysical Parameters and Angiogenesis Using CD34 as a Biomarker in Older Diabetic Women Treated with Radiofrequency.

BackgroundThe prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2DM) has been steadily increasing. Patients with t2DM need to slow down the skin ageing processes and to obtain a rejuvenating effect. Treatments that do not damage the superficial layers of the epidermis could be a promising solution for those patients.PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of radiofrequency therapy on the biophysical parameters and angiogenesis of facial skin, using CD34 as a biomarker in older diabetic women treated with metformin.Patients and MethodsA total of 45 subjects with phototype 2 or 3 (Fitzpatrick scale) were investigated (25 t2DM – study group, 20 – healthy controls). A series of 6 treatments (once a week) with a Radio Frequency Skin Rejuvenation System device was used on facial skin. Measurements of skin hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), melanin and erythema index, temperature, and pH, at baseline and after radiofrequency therapy were performed with the Courage + Khazaka MPA-9 device. Immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded sections was used to evaluate the intensity of CD34 expression.ResultsRadiofrequency treatment significantly improved facial skin hydration (p < 0.0001). Enhancement of the epidermal barrier observed, by reduced TEWL as a result of a series of treatments with radiofrequency on the facial skin (p < 0.0001), was observed. CD34 was more abundantly expressed after radiofrequency treatment. No side effects were observed.ConclusionTreatment with radiofrequency is an effective and non-invasive method of facial skin rejuvenation in older women with t2DM, with a relatively short post-procedure recovery time and low potential for severe adverse effects.

P-799 To evaluate the effect of Intra-ovarian platelet rich plasma instillation on the clinical outcome of women with diminished ovarian reserve: A prospective interventional study

Abstract Study question Does intra-ovarian instillation of platelet rich plasma (PRP) improves the clinical outcome of IVF cycles in women with Diminished Ovarian reserve (DOR)? Summary answer PRP instillation leads to consistent improvement in Antral follicle count (AFC), thus achieving clinical pregnancy rate of 33.3% per cycle in women with DOR. What is known already There is rising incidence of females with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) especially among Asian ethnicity. With the emergence of regenerative medicine, multiple studies have evaluated the role of intra-ovarian PRP, demonstrating a beneficial role in improving ovarian reserve parameters (serum Follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), AFC). Despite its’ favorable effects on biochemical markers and AFC, data regarding improvement in clinical outcome remains elusive and led to inception of this study. Study design, size, duration A prospective interventional study was conducted at Division of Reproductive Medicine of a tertiary care institute. 41 infertile females aged 20-39 years with DOR (AMH &amp;lt;1.2 ng /ml; AFC&amp;lt;5) were enrolled in the study during a 6-month period beginning from August 2021. Participants/materials, setting, methods After informed consent, patients received fresh autologous PRP, prepared from 30 ml venous blood. 1.5ml of PRP instilled in each ovarian stroma between day 7-10 of menstrual cycle under sedation. Patients were followed up for three-consecutive months to assess ovarian reserve parameters including serum FSH, AMH and AFC. Patients showing significant improvement in parameters were recruited for fresh IVF cycles using Antagonist protocol with 1% transdermal testosterone. Outcomes were analysed using linear mix effect model. Main results and the role of chance The average platelet concentration in PRP was ∼10,00,000 platelets/µL. The mean age of enrolled patients was 31.22±4.16 years. Linear improvement in AFC (3.63 vs 6.98 vs 7.97 vs 6.90, p&amp;lt;0.001) was observed from baseline to three consecutive follow-up months with maximal response witnessed in second month in 57.1% of those undergoing IVF cycle. However, there was no significant difference in Serum FSH (p=0.11) and AMH (p=0.16) from the baseline post intervention. Of the 41 patients, 35 (85.3%) responded to the treatment and underwent IVF antagonist cycle. 5 out of 35 IVF cycles were cancelled mid-cycle due to poor ovarian response. The mean dose of gonadotropin requirement was 2667.5±281.1 IU (Follicular stimulating hormone) and 1400±337.3 IU (Human menopausal gonadotropin). The average number of oocytes retrieved was 5.7±2.2 whereas mean number of MII oocytes was 4.63±1.85. The fertilization rate and the cleavage rate were 92.4% and 74.1% respectively. Of the thirty patients, eight patients underwent day 2 transfer due to poor grade of embryos. Mean number of grade 1- day 3 embryos was 1.25±0.55 with surplus embryos available for cryopreservation in 14 patients. The overall clinical pregnancy rate per transfer was 33.33%. No adverse events were reported. Limitations, reasons for caution This was a prospective single arm study. A randomized controlled trial comprising a “no-treatment” arm would establish a Level-I evidence. However, “no-treatment” arm in a developing country like ours, imposes financial burden on the couple with no guaranteed clinical success and thus raising ethical concern and need for ovarian rejuvenation. Wider implications of the findings With the impetus to provide a biological child to these DOR women, intra-ovarian PRP instillation as a method of ovarian rejuvenation holds promising results. Evidently, PRP is not only effective in improving ovarian reserve but this translates into an improved reproductive outcome in a population, previously limited to oocyte donation. Trial registration number REF/2022/01/051033

Nonsurgical lower eyelid rejuvenation using injectable poly-d,l-lactic acid in Asian patients.

Filler injection for lower eyelid rejuvenation remains a difficult subject due to many complicated anatomic changes as the face ages. To propose an alternative, simple, and effective filler injection method in lower eyelids for Asian patients. Any patient who has tear trough deformities, infra-orbital hollows, nasojugal grooves, dark eye circles, as well as mild eyebags is a potential candidate for this method. Our filler choice is injectable poly-d,l-lactic acid (PDLLA; AestheFill; REGEN). PDLLA must be reconstituted with sterile water for injection (SWFI) before administration. When the patient's troughs, grooves, or volume deficit are classes II and III, 3-4ml of SWFI and 1ml of lidocaine are used. When the deficits are class I, 5-7ml of SWFI and 1ml of lidocaine are used. With the fanning injection technique, a wide region that covers all the deficits is evenly injected. The depth is under the dermis layer. The total amount of filler injection is not more than 2ml on each side. Since 2019, we have injected more than 100 patients by following these steps in Taiwan. The level of patient satisfaction is high. Only some mild and transient post-injection complications such as edema, erythema, and ecchymosis were found. We propose an alternative, simple and effective method for non-surgical lower eyelid rejuvenation for Asian patients. However, anyone who wants to perform this procedure should be well-trained and knowledgeable about the anatomy, product, and procedure to prevent adverse events.

The RpTOE1-RpFT Module Is Involved in Rejuvenation during Root-Based Vegetative Propagation in Robinia pseudoacacia.

Vegetative propagation is an important method of reproduction and rejuvenation in horticulture and forestry plants with a long lifespan. Although substantial juvenile clones have been obtained through the vegetative propagation of ornamental plants, the molecular factors that regulate rejuvenation during vegetative propagation are largely unknown. Here, root sprouting and root cutting of Robinia pseudoacacia were used as two vegetative propagation methods. From two consecutive years of transcriptome data from rejuvenated seedlings and mature trees, one gene module and one miRNA module were found to be specifically associated with rejuvenation during vegetative propagation through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). In the gene module, a transcription factor-encoding gene showed high expression during vegetative propagation, and it was subsequently named RpTOE1 through homology analysis. Heterologous overexpression of RpTOE1 in wild-type Arabidopsis and toe1 toe2 double mutants prolonged the juvenile phase. The qRT-PCR results predicted RpFT to be a downstream gene that was regulated by RpTOE1. Further investigation of the protein-DNA interactions using yeast one-hybrid, electrophoretic mobility shift, and dual luciferase reporter assays confirmed that RpTOE1 negatively regulated RpFT by binding directly to the TOE binding site (TBS)-like motif on its promoter. On the basis of these results, we showed that the high expression of RpTOE1 during vegetative propagation and its inhibition of RpFT played a key role in the phase reversal of R. pseudoacacia.

The Role of Systemic Filtrating Organs in Aging and Their Potential in Rejuvenation Strategies.

Advances in aging studies brought about by heterochronic parabiosis suggest that aging might be a reversable process that is affected by changes in the systemic milieu of organs and cells. Given the broadness of such a systemic approach, research to date has mainly questioned the involvement of “shared organs” versus “circulating factors”. However, in the absence of a clear understanding of the chronological development of aging and a unified platform to evaluate the successes claimed by specific rejuvenation methods, current literature on this topic remains scattered. Herein, aging is assessed from an engineering standpoint to isolate possible aging potentiators via a juxtaposition between biological and mechanical systems. Such a simplification provides a general framework for future research in the field and examines the involvement of various factors in aging. Based on this simplified overview, the kidney as a filtration organ is clearly implicated, for the first time, with the aging phenomenon, necessitating a re-evaluation of current rejuvenation studies to untangle the extent of its involvement and its possible role as a potentiator in aging. Based on these findings, the review concludes with potential translatable and long-term therapeutics for aging while offering a critical view of rejuvenation methods proposed to date.

Development of novel composite rejuvenators for efficient recycling of aged SBS modified bitumen

Efficient recycling of aged SBS modified bitumen (ASBS-MB) is one of the difficult problems in the field of pavement materials. In this study, isocyanate terminated long chain active rejuvenators (ITLCARs) for aged SBS were synthesized by the reaction of 2,4-toluylene diisocyanate (TDI)/ hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB), namely T-HTPB and H-HTPB. And T-HTPB/H-HTPB and aromatic hydrocarbon oil (AO) were combined to form novel composite rejuvenators (NCRs), which were used to restore the properties of ASBS-MB. Afterwards, the effects of NCRs on physical properties, rheological properties and molecular weight distribution of ASBS-MB were investigated. FTIR results showed that ITLCARs were successfully synthesized. The results of gel permeation chromatography showed that NCRs had advantages in restoring the molecular weight of ASBS-MB to the level of SBS-MB. And the physical performances of ASBS-MB could be regenerated to the level of original SBS modified bitumen (SBS-MB) by NCRs. The high-temperature complex modulus and rutting factor of rejuvenated SBS modified bitumen (RSBS-MB) recovered by NCRs were better than those restored only by AO. Meanwhile, the low-temperature complex modulus and fatigue factor of RSBS-MB recovered by NCRs still had greater low-temperature properties. And the results of bending beam rheometer test indicated that creep stiffness and m-value of RSBS-MB at −12 ℃ and −18 ℃ meet the requirements of Strategic Highway Research Program. This study provides a novel rejuvenation method for the efficient recycling of ASBS-MB.

Dermal filler re-contouring of the aged jawline: a useful non-surgical modality in facial rejuvenation

Dermal filler-based enhancement of the jawline has become a popular method of non-surgical facial rejuvenation. This relatively novel application of fillers has the ability to camouflage the early senescence of the lower face caused by bony erosion, soft tissue ptosis, and volumetric changes in the periphery of the cervico-mandibular region. In this article, the authors review the age-related shifts that contribute to the loss of youthfulness of the lower face and outline the relevant neurovascular anatomy, regional aesthetic analysis and proper patient selection criteria that govern the successful delivery of high-quality results in this novel application of dermal fillers.