Method For Determination Of Solubility Research Articles

Determination of mutual solubilities of ionic liquids and water

Two simple and universal methods for determination of solubility of ionic liquids in water are introduced in this work. The first one, which utilizes negligible vapour pressure of ionic liquids, is based on controlled evaporation of water from a sample of saturated aqueous mixture. The second one utilizes the ionic character of ionic liquids and its principle consists in measurements of electrical conductivity for series of aqueous mixtures. The methods were used for determination of aqueous solubility of five ionic liquids. Namely, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethyl-sulfonyl)imide, 1-hexyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and ethyl-dimethyl-propylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. The aqueous solubility data were completed by the measurement of solubility of water in the studied ionic liquids so that full-valued data on liquid–liquid equilibrium in the temperature range from 288 to 343K are reported in the article. The obtained experimental data were correlated by the NRTL equation with temperature dependent parameters.

A new experimental method for determination of solubility and hyper-solubility of hygroscopic solid

A microgravimetric technique for the determination of solubility, c°, of hygroscopic solid is proposed. The method allows the determination of the critical concentration of supersaturated solution, c⁎, where spontaneous nucleation of the solid phase takes place. The two concentrations, c° and c⁎, delimit the metastable domain of supersaturated solutions wherein growth of crystals is realisable. Ammonium nitrate is used as a model of hygroscopic solid. The kinetics of absorption of water vapor is followed by high precision microbalance (Dynamic Vapor Sorption). Powder sample is placed in an atmosphere of constant temperature and of relative humidity superior to the critical relative humidity while mass of absorbed water vapor is monitored continuously. As long as solid phase is present in the sample holder, the rate of absorption is constant and determined by the imposed relative humidity. The absorption of water continues even after all solid is dissolved, but, due to continuous dilution of the obtained solution, by continuously decreasing rate. The change of kinetics of water sorption is used as an indicator for the determination of the solid/liquid equilibrium concentration (or solubility), c°. The concentration c⁎ is determined by subsequently performed measurements but at relative humidity lower then the critical relative humidity for a given temperature: water evaporates at continuously decreasing rate because the concentration of solute in solution increases; highly supersaturated solutions can be obtained in such a way. When finally the solid phase appears in the supersaturated solution evaporation suddenly accelerates; this change of regime is used for the determination of the critical supersaturation concentration, c⁎. The evaporation accompanied by growth of crystals proceeds until all water is evacuated from the sample. In present paper we compare thus obtained solubility curve to the known literature data for ammonium nitrate.

Zr 1−xLn xW 2O 8−x/2 ( Ln=Eu, Er, Yb): Solid solutions of negative thermal expansion-synthesis, characterization and limited solid solubility

Zr 1− xLn x W 2O 8− x /2 solid solutions ( Ln=Eu, Er, Yb) of different substitution fractions x have been synthesized. Their X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns have been indexed and lattice parameters calculated based on the α-ZrW 2O 8 structure. The coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) of these solid solutions were estimated to be −10.3×10 −6 K −1 in temperature range of 30–100 °C. The solubility of lanthanide ions in these solid solutions decreases linearly with the increase in the radius of substituted lanthanide ions. Based on the concentration dependence of phase transition temperatures, a novel method for determination of solubility of the lanthanide ions in Zr 1− xLn x W 2O 8− x /2 solid solutions has been developed. This method seems to be more sensitive as compared with that based on XRD technique.

A Simple Method for Determination of Solubility in the First-Year Laboratory

A method for determining solubility that is fast and requires only a Büchner-type filter funnel, a 500-mL round-bottom flask, and an analytical balance is described. The loss in weight of a compound after suction extraction with one liter of water produces the solubility in grams per liter of water. Because the method involves only two weighings and no transfer of precipitate it is also potentially quite accurate. The method can be used for both very soluble compounds and for compounds with solubilities as low as several mg per liter of water.

Solubility of RDX in Dense Carbon Dioxide at Temperatures between 303 K and 353 K

The solubility of the high-explosive cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) in carbon dioxide (CO2) is measured over a temperature and pressure range of 303 K to 353 K and 6.9 MPa to 48.3 MPa, respectively. A high-pressure ultraviolet chromatographic detector is used to measure in situ solute levels of RDX in a dynamic flow apparatus. RDX is found to be relatively insoluble in CO2, with a maximum solubility of about 0.25 mg/g CO2 at the highest temperatures and pressures studied. Empirical fits of the solubility isotherms are determined as a function of the solvent density and solute vapor pressure. The spectroscopy of RDX is also examined as a function of CO2 temperature and pressure to confirm the suitability of the method for determination of solubility.

Solubility of Mannitol in Aqueous Sodium Chloride by the Isopiestic Method

Using a method for determination of solubilities of nonelectrolytes in electrolyte solutions based on isopiestic equilibration and precise chemical analyses, we have measured and report the solubilities of mannitol in sodium chloride solutions. Our results are, in general, in good agreement with the data of Kelly et al. The method is described and its advantages discussed.

A method for simultaneous determination of solubility and transfer coefficient of oxygen in aqueous media using off‐gas mass spectrometry

A static method was developed that simultaneously determined the solubility of oxygen and the oxygen-transfer coefficient in a stirred bioreactor. It was based on the static method developed by van Sonsbeek et al. to determine the ka in a liquid-impelled loop reactor. Only physical properties of the liquid were used to determine both parameters using a mass spectrometer. Data about the solubility of oxygen in water are available from the literature. Therefore, the solubility of oxygen in water was used to compare our data with published data. Furthermore, the solubility of oxygen in trypticase soy broth was compared to literature data. No significant deviations between our data and literature data could be observed. Our static method and the commonly applied dynamic method to determine the oxygen-transfer coefficient yielded similar results. The effect of temperature on the oxygen-transfer coefficient could be expressed as the activation energy needed for the transition of oxygen from the gas to the water phase. This was verified using the Arrhenius equation.

A Nephelometric Method for Determination of Solubilities of Extremely Low Order

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Nephelometric Method for Determination of Solubilities of Extremely Low OrderW. W. Davis and T. V. Parke Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1942, 64, 1, 101–107Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1942Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1942https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01253a027RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views88Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (647 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts