Methodology Of Reduction Research Articles

A new methodology of peak energy demand reduction using coordinated real-time scheduling of EVs

A new methodology of peak energy demand reduction using coordinated real-time scheduling of EVs

The Handling of Conflict in Financing Islamic Higher Education in Indonesia

This study examines the recurring conflicts in the financial management of higher education in Indonesia, characterized by disparities in budget allocation needs and interests, unjust and misdirected budget distribution, and misappropriation of funds. It aims to investigate leadership strategies for resolving these conflicts to ensure precise and efficient financial management. Employing a qualitative-phenomenological approach through case studies, this research centers on financing issues at state Islamic universities with BLU status. Data were collected via interviews, observations, and documentary analysis, employing Miles and Huberman’s methodology of data reduction, display, and conclusion drawing. Findings indicate the necessity of strategic conflict resolution to mitigate adverse impacts on higher education development. Effective conflict management, as shown, involves a leader’s ability to maintain a constructive outlook, recognize the potential benefits of conflicts, and adopt a decisive approach. By refining goals, enhancing communication, and improving procedures, conflicts can be transformed into productive elements of organizational dynamics.

The influence of the Cr2O3–Mn2O3 colorants system on the spectral characteristics of R2O–PbO–SiO2 glasses

AbstractThe focus of this paper centers on an exploration of optical glasses with high transmittance within the infrared spectrum at wavelength of 1 060 nm, while concurrently demonstrating full absorption within the ultraviolet and visible spectral ranges. The paper analyzes the present state of glasses demonstrating necessary transmittance at IR range, considering their inherent strengths and limitations. In this context, an R2O–PbO–SiO2 glass system with Cr2O3–Mn2O3 colorants system emerges as the subject of this research. Research was conducted to comprehensively assess the impact of this colorant system on the glass spectral characteristics, while considering the potentially detrimental influence of FeO.The principles underlying the industrial production of these glasses are systematically elucidated and presented. It was discovered that using gas heating during the cooling phase of glass melting resulted in the disruption of the spectral homogeneity of the glass, ultimately leading to defective product outcomes. Implementing the methodology of gasless temperature reduction (inertial cooling process) before glass pouring has created a favorable environment for producing high‐quality items. Glass samples from the laboratory tests were obtained, and the researched glass was integrated into serial production.

Group analysis, invariance results, exact solutions and conservation laws of the perturbed fractional Boussinesq equation

The scope of this work is based on symmetry analysis of perturbed fractional Boussinesq equation. For beginning the group formalism, invariance properties and conservation laws of the nonlinear perturbed fractional Boussinesq equation have been explored generally. This method was first described by Lukashchuk [Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul. 68 (2019) 147–159]. The key subject is that when the order of fractional derivative in a fractional differential equation (FDE) is nearly integers, we can approximate it to a perturbed integer-order differential equation with a small perturbation parameter. For obtaining the results, perturbed and unperturbed symmetries are computed. Then, the methodology of reduction is applied for finding some new solutions by the symmetry operators of the equation. These solutions are obtained by the similarity transformations of the symmetries. Another exact solution will be found with constructing one-dimensional optimal system of the symmetries. Finally, the meaning of nonlinear self-adjointness concept is attended in order to find conservation laws with informal Lagrangians.

Multiview PCA: A Methodology of Feature Extraction and Dimension Reduction for High-Order Data.

Facing with rapidly increasing demands for analyzing high-order data or multiway data, feature-extracting methods become imperative for analysis and processing. The traditional feature-extracting methods, however, either need to overly vectorize the data and smash the original structure hidden in data, such as PCA and PCA-like methods, which is unfavorable to the data recovery, or cannot eliminate the redundant information very well, such as tucker decomposition (TD) and TD-like methods. To overcome these limitations, we propose a more flexible and more powerful tool, called the multiview principal components analysis (Multiview-PCA) in this article. By segmenting a random tensor into equal-sized subarrays called sections and maximizing variations caused by orthogonal projections of these sections, the Multiview-PCA finds principal components in a parsimonious and flexible way. In so doing, two new operations on tensors, the S -direction inner/outer product, are introduced to formulate tensor projection and recovery. With different segmentation ways characterized by section depth and direction, the Multiview-PCA can be implemented many times in different ways, which defines the sequential and global Multiview-PCA, respectively. These multiple Multiview-PCA take the PCA and PCA-like, and TD and TD-like as the special cases, which correspond to the deepest section depth and the shallowest section depth, respectively. We propose an adaptive depth and direction selection algorithm for the implementation of Multiview-PCA. The Multiview-PCA is then tested in terms of subspace recovery ability, compression ability, and feature extraction performance when applied to a set of artificial data, surveillance videos, and hyperspectral imaging data. All numerical results support the flexibility, effectiveness, and usefulness of Multiview-PCA.

Mitigation strategies for heat-related illness during mass gatherings: Hajj experience.

IntroductionTo mitigate morbidity, mortality, and impacts of heat-related illnesses (HRIs) on health, it was vital to implement a comprehensive framework for HRI prevention and control. A recognized tool from the field of trauma prevention known as the Haddon matrix was applied. The matrix states that any event is affected by three factors: host, agent, and environment. In addition, another recognized tool known as the combined model was used in this study. The combined model is a three-dimensional model that includes the idea for the three axes of Haddon's matrix with the methodology of the community risk reduction (CRR) model.Aim of the studyTo identify the environmental and individual risk factors of HRIs based on the Haddon matrix and the recommended prevention strategies by the CRR tool by using the combined model.MethodologyAn extensive literature review was conducted to assess all the risk factors associated with HRI, as well as preventive measures. Then the Haddon matrix was used to structure, separating human factors from technical and environmental details and timing. After that, the combined model was used to set all responses and mitigation measures for each element obtained from the Haddon matrix tool.ConclusionProjected increases in heat stress over the globe require the formulation and implementation of evidence-based HRI mitigation and preventive measures. In this study, we implemented the combined model that was utilized as a systematic strategy for the more theoretical framework of Haddon's matrix. Using the Haddon matrix to determine the HRI risk factors and the combined model to mitigate its impact was practical and helpful in planning, preparedness, and mitigating the HRIs during Hajj, provided a broad approach equivalent to the Swiss cheese model, and would facilitate an informed decision.

Pressure Optimization of a New Hydraulic Ankle Mechanism for HYDROïD Robot

High-pressure consumption during locomotion has been always a major drawback in using hydraulic humanoids. In the framework of the hydraulic humanoid robot HYDROïD, this paper aims to provide a methodology of energy consumption reduction for a hydraulic ankle mechanism. The design of the new integrated hybrid parallel ankle mechanism is presented. High-performance hydraulic servo vales are used for position control of the ankle joints. Besides, hydraulic integration technology is implemented on the mechanism to provide further decreases in leakage and slimmer shape. The parallel solution is chosen to provide the required ankle joints motions without affecting the compact shape of the leg. Four pistons are placed in a parallel way, where the two antagonists and agonists work together as a couple in order to emulate the muscles of the human ankle. A comprehensive study is done on the mechanism design in order to provide the least possible pressure consumption without affecting the output ankle torque. In order to verify the newly generated ankle torque, a locomotion study for the ankle mechanism is provided to ensure the locomotion capability of the new mechanism. Additionally, the new hybrid design is validated experimentally using a MATLAB/Simulink-based position controller for the ankle joints. The new experimental results have showed the validity of the design, controller, and optimized pressure consumption. The new design has been able to achieve a pressure enhancement of 30% in comparison with the old design.

The Emerging Role of Nanosuspensions for Drug Delivery and Stability

: Poor solubility of some medicinal compounds is a serious challenge that can be addressed by using a nano-suspension for improved delivery. The nanoparticles enhance the bioavailability along with the aqueous solubility of the drug, which is accomplished by increasing the active surface area of the drug. The gained attention of the nanosuspension is due to its stabilization facility, which is achieved by polymers, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), having a particular size range of 10 - 100 nm. Hence, these nanoparticles have the capacity of binding to the targeted with very low damage to the healthy tissues. These are prepared by various methods, such as milling, high-pressure homogenization, and emulsification, along with melt emulsification. Moreover, surface modification and solidification have been used to add specific properties to the advanced therapies as post-processing techniques. For many decades, it has been known that water solubility hampers the bioavailability and not all drugs are water-soluble. In order to combat this obstacle, nanotechnology has been found to be of specific interest. For elevating the bioavailability by increasing the dissolution rate, the methodology of reduction of the associated drug particles into their subsequent submicron range is incorporated. For oral and non-oral administration, these nanosuspension formulations are used for the delivery of drugs.

Hard Skill dan Soft Skill Siswa dalam Ekstrakurikuler Hizbul Wathan

This research is aimed at (1) identifying the types of hard skills and soft skills incorporated in Hizbul Wathan extracurricular at SMK (Vocational School) Muhammadiyah Semin (2) identifying the reinforcement of hard skills and soft skills within Hizbul Wathan extracurricular (3) identifying the impact of Hizbul Wathan extracurricular on students’ hard skills and soft skills. The type of this research was mixed-method research. The subjects of this research were teachers and students of class X. Data were collected through the methods of observation, interview, documentation, and questionnaire. The data were then analyzed through the methodology of data reduction, data display, conclusion, and verification. The research result shows that: (1) the hard skills output from the Hizbul Wathan extracurricular are products, handicrafts, and students’ score. Whereas, the soft skills are shown from students’ honesty, responsibility, just conduct, collaboration, adaptation skill, independence, communication skill, problem-solving skill, making decisions, critical thinking, tolerance, respect toward their peers, motivation, confidence, creativity, and discipline. (2) The hard skills’ reinforcement is done through training, competition, daily life application. Whereas, the soft skills’ reinforcement is done through group work training and problem-solving. (3) The impacts of Hizbul Wathan extracurricular on students’ hard skills and soft skills are shown through students’ ability to create a product, building independence, triggering socialization senses, and building collaboration. The conclusion to this research is that the attributions of soft skills have been implemented within the Hizbul Wathan extracurricular. Besides, Hizbul Wathan gives positive impacts on honing students' talent and developing their hard skills and soft skills.

Methodology of error measurements reduction while determining integrated errors of satellite nodes of planetary gears

The mathematical model for definition of hole coordinates under satellites in cariage of planetary gear by results of indirect measurements is improved. Algorithm of revealing and elimination of incorrect initial data in automatic or manual mode is developed and implemented.

Application of discrete mathematics, tetralogic and architecture of superscalar systems in measurement metrology of automated control systems

The article is dedicated to the consideration of the role and significance of the quaternary logic in automated control systems. The methodology of reduction and application of the principle of ergodicity in measurement metrology in automated process control systems is presented. The optimization role of the tools used in solving of hybrid technological and telemetry problems is emphasized.

Pt supported on mesoporous material for methanol and ethanol oxidation in alkaline medium

Abstract Pt nanoparticles supported on a mesoporous material of zeolite Faujasite-C composite is a highly active catalyst for methanol and ethanol oxidation in alkaline media. Pt was synthesized by a simple methodology of chemical reduction using ultrasound method. Faujasite-C composite was prepared by sol-gel method using fly ash as economic precursor. Pt/Faujasite-C was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy to investigate its structure, morphology, composition and size. The electrochemical activity of catalyst towards methanol and ethanol oxidation reaction in alkaline media was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques. The results obtained were compared with Pt/C synthesized and tested at the same conditions. According to TEM results Pt/Faujasite-C electrocatalyst exhibits a higher Pt agglomeration compared to Pt/C. Pt/Faujasite-C is more active for alcohol oxidation reactions compared to Pt/C. Pt electrocatalysts are more active for ethanol oxidation than methanol oxidation. Chronoamperometric results indicated that Pt deactivation by intermediate poisoning is more severe for ethanol than methanol. Pt/Faujasite-C can be used as anodic electrocatalyst in direct liquid fuel cells.

Methodological Study on Voluntary Greenhouse Gases Reduction for Shore Power System

Voluntary emission reduction of greenhouse gases is conducive to reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and fostering a carbon trading market. Voluntary greenhouse gas emission reduction methodologies can be used to determine project baselines, demonstrate additionality, calculate emission reductions, and develop monitoring plans. Marine fossil fuel combustion is an important source of greenhouse gas emissions in port. Through the implementation of marine shore power system, it is possible to replace fuel consumption with electricity and significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions during berthing. Through the analysis and study on shore power system, the methodology of voluntary greenhouse gas emission reduction for shore power system is formed, which is conducive to promoting the participation in carbon emissions trading and promoting the promotion and use of shore power system.

ВИДІЛЕННЯ МАЛОАМПЛІТУДНИХ ДЕФОРМАЦІЙНИХ АНОМАЛІЙ – ПРОВІСНИКІВ МІСЦЕВИХ ЗАКАРПАТСЬКИХ ЗЕМЛЕТРУСІВ З УРАХУВАННЯМ МЕТЕОТЕРМОПРУЖНИХ ДЕФОРМАЦІЙ

The purpose of the article is to present a methodology of studies and reduction of meteothermoelastic deformations from extensometers data and the results of selection with its application of small amplitude deformation anomalies – precursors of local Transcarpathian earthquakes. The studies of meteothermal influences on the data of geophysical observations regime and the development of ways to taking into account such influences is one of the important tasks in conducting of geodynamic monitoring. This is especially relevant for extensometers studies. The research methodology consist of conducting a correlation analysis of extensometer and meteortemperature data and reduction of selected seasonal meteothermoelastic strains from variational deformations time series. As a result of those researches, in particular, the correlation between the temperature of air and deformations of the rocks massif at the "Muzhievo" observation point (Ukrainian Transcarpathians) was studied. The reduction of selected seasonal meteothermoelastic strains was carried out and a low amplitude deformation anomaly – the precursor of the local Transcarpathian earthquake with a magnitude M=3.3 at an epicenter distance of 31 km is identified. Selected anomaly has an amplitude (in relative deformations) ~3·10-7 (in comparison with the value of the seasonal meteothermoelastic variations ~14·10-7), it is 5-7 times greater than the amplitude of difference fluctuations (0.5·0.7·10-7) between the registered variations of deformations and the "regular" seasonal meteothermoelastic wave. The "precursor" duration of the anomaly is about 5 months. The practical significance of the work consists, in particular, in the fact that the application of the developed technique provides reduction of meteothermal influences and allows the search of low-amplitude deformation anomalies – precursors of earthquakes against the background of thermoelastic deformations. This, in fact, many times increases the actual sensitivity and, respectively, the zone of geodynamic and seismoprognostic control of concrete point of extensometers observations.

Bloom filter‐based search structures for indexing and retrieving iris‐codes

Large-scale biometric deployments are becoming ubiquitous. The computational workload of the conventional retrieval method, requiring 1:N comparisons in the identification mode, is impractical for such systems. In recent years, many approaches for efficient biometric identification were proposed, but their scalability is often questionable. Furthermore, the lack of a unified methodology for biometric workload reduction reporting often makes a direct benchmark or a thorough evaluation of the proposed schemes cumbersome. We present an iris indexing scheme based on Bloom filters and binary search trees. With a statistical model, the system is shown to be theoretically scalable for arbitrarily many enrollees. We evaluate this system on a combined database from several publicly available datasets, containing a total of 11,936 iris images from 1477 instances. In an open-set identification scenario, the system maintains the biometric performance of an iris-code 1:N baseline – a true positive identification rate of approximately 98% measured at 0.1% false positive identification rate, at only 10% of the baseline workload. In a proof-of-concept multi-iris indexing experiment, the true positive identification rate is further increased to over 99%, without additional workload costs. Lastly, we define several prerequisites necessary for a transparent and comprehensive methodology of biometric workload reduction results dissemination.

Photocatalytic robust solar energy reduction of dinitrogen to ammonia on ultrathin MoS2

The crux for solar N2 reduction to ammonia is activating N2 into its high-energy intermediate. Applying a simultaneous multi-electron reduction process could avoid intermediate generation and decrease the thermodynamic barrier. However, this process is extremely difficult from a kinetic view and experiments so far have not shown it is accessible. Here we show the first direct evidence of trion induced multi-electron N2 reduction on ultrathin MoS2. By applying light induced trions, N2 molecular was activated and transformed into ammonia by a simultaneous six-electron reduction process, with a high ammonia synthesis rate of 325μmol/gh without the assistant of any organic scavengers or co-catalyst. Bulk MoS2 without trions did not exhibit any activity. This demonstrates multi-electron reduction may be realized in electron-rich semiconductors with high concentration of localized electrons such as trions. The methodology of simultaneous multi-electron reduction has wide implications for reactions beyond N2 reduction and for materials beyond MoS2.

Reaction invariant-based reduction of the activated sludge model ASM1 for batch applications

In any system, there are some properties, quantities or relationships that remain unchanged despite the applied transformations (system invariants). For a batch reaction system with n linearly independent reactions and m components (n<m) there exist linear combinations of the concentrations that are unaffected by the reaction progress, i.e. so-called reaction invariants. The reaction invariant concept can be used to reduce the number of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) involved in batch bioreactor models. In this paper, a systematic methodology of model reduction based on this concept is applied to batch activated sludge processes described by the Activated Sludge Model No. 1 (ASM1) for carbon and nitrogen removal. The objective of the model reduction is to describe the exact dynamics of the states predicted by the original model with a lower number of ODEs. This leads to a reduction of the numerical complexity as nonlinear ODEs are replaced by linear algebraic relationships predicting the exact dynamics of the original model.

Model reduction of a flexible-joint robot: a port-Hamiltonian approach

Abstract: In this paper we explore the methodology of model order reduction based on singular perturbations for a flexible-joint robot within the port-Hamiltonian framework. We show that a flexible-joint robot has a port-Hamiltonian representation which is also a singularly perturbed ordinary differential equation. Moreover, the associated reduced slow subsystem corresponds to a port-Hamiltonian model of a rigid-joint robot. To exploit the usefulness of the reduced models, we provide a numerical example where an existing controller for a rigid robot is implemented.

Alfred Schhtz's Sociology as a Naive Science

Alfred Schutz has paid considerable attention to the position of scientist in the world and particularly to that of social scientist. His analyses make extensive use of phenomenological concepts and contain detailed descriptions of scientific cognitive style in its relation to the everyday life. However, Schutz is surprisingly silent on the motives that could justify quitting the ordinary 'world of working' and entering the scientific attitude. This paper discusses whether the Schutz normative justification for science can be deduced from Husserl's philosophy of science. It is argued that despite the fact that Schutz was in fact considerably influenced by Husserl's system of science suggested in 'Ideas II', the two thinkers diverge radically on the cultural mission and methodology of science. While Husserl advocates the critical method of reduction as the sole way to pursue genuine science, Schutz in fact explores the possibility of building a 'naive science'. He accepts relying on ordinary knowledge in social science and ends up by rejecting the methodology of reduction in general. Schutz's opposition to the idea of science contained in Husserl's phenomenology, together with his neglect of normative grounding of science, suggest that he considered the value of science as laying beyond rational philosophical justification.

Effect of hops β-acids (Humulus lupulus) on performance and intestinal health of broiler chickens

To evaluate a novel feed additive, hops β-acids, a pen trial using 1,440 one-day-old broiler chickens, in a randomized design with 6 treatments and 6 replicates of 40 birds/pen, was conducted. The experimental treatments were a negative control (NC) basal diet, a positive control (PC) basal diet supplemented with zinc 30 mg/kg of bacitracin, and 4 additional treatments consisting of the basal diet supplemented with 30, 60, 120, and 240 mg/kg of hops β-acids in a microencapsulated form. All birds were vaccinated against coccidiosis by eye drops. Productive performance, jejunum morphology, andClostridium spp. count in jejunum and cecum contents were evaluated. At 21 d of age, the birds fed the PC, 30, or 60 mg/kg of β-acids had the same weight gain of those fed the NC, whereas the highest level of β-acids decreased the gain. In addition, feed intake was decreased and FCR was improved in all treatments when compared with the NC. At 42 d, compared with the NC, the treatments containing 30 or 240 mg/kg of β-acids and the PC resulted in improved FCR. No differences were found for other performance variables. No difference was observed among the treatments on villus length, crypt depth, and villus-to-crypt ratio. Except for one sample, all others had negative results forClostridium spp. based on the methodology of sulphite reduction. In this study, we demonstrated positive effects of supplementation of hops β-acids on productive performance of broilers, and the best results were obtained with addition of 30 mg/kg.