Reading Methodology Research Articles

Methodologies for Transcript Profiling Using Long-Read Technologies.

RNA sequencing using next-generation sequencing technologies (NGS) is currently the standard approach for gene expression profiling, particularly for large-scale high-throughput studies. NGS technologies comprise high throughput, cost efficient short-read RNA-Seq, while emerging single molecule, long-read RNA-Seq technologies have enabled new approaches to study the transcriptome and its function. The emerging single molecule, long-read technologies are currently commercially available by Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) and Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT), while new methodologies based on short-read sequencing approaches are also being developed in order to provide long range single molecule level information—for example, the ones represented by the 10x Genomics linked read methodology. The shift toward long-read sequencing technologies for transcriptome characterization is based on current increases in throughput and decreases in cost, making these attractive for de novo transcriptome assembly, isoform expression quantification, and in-depth RNA species analysis. These types of analyses were challenging with standard short sequencing approaches, due to the complex nature of the transcriptome, which consists of variable lengths of transcripts and multiple alternatively spliced isoforms for most genes, as well as the high sequence similarity of highly abundant species of RNA, such as rRNAs. Here we aim to focus on single molecule level sequencing technologies and single-cell technologies that, combined with perturbation tools, allow the analysis of complete RNA species, whether short or long, at high resolution. In parallel, these tools have opened new ways in understanding gene functions at the tissue, network, and pathway levels, as well as their detailed functional characterization. Analysis of the epi-transcriptome, including RNA methylation and modification and the effects of such modifications on biological systems is now enabled through direct RNA sequencing instead of classical indirect approaches. However, many difficulties and challenges remain, such as methodologies to generate full-length RNA or cDNA libraries from all different species of RNAs, not only poly-A containing transcripts, and the identification of allele-specific transcripts due to current error rates of single molecule technologies, while the bioinformatics analysis on long-read data for accurate identification of 5′ and 3′ UTRs is still in development.

The Miracles of Prophet Moses AS from the Perspective of Holy Quran and Torah: A Comparative Study

Allah SWT; the Omnipotent, Almighty and Creator of the Universe, has created Human beings and Jins for His worship. He bestowed His revelation to His Prophets to guide creatures how to worship Him. Miracles are revealed to support their mission, which were considered manifestations of the prophethood and to nullify the doubts being raised regarding their message. The Holy Quran has testified the revelation of Torah but also verifies that it has been abrogated and manipulated by Jews and their scholars called Rabbis. The present study will undertake that how the Holy Quran and Torah describe the Divine intervention in the form of miracles; bestowed upon His prophet Moses AS, for the purpose to let the antagonists and unbelievers know that these prophets and their mission is true. It is found that there were decisive differences to approach the essence of miracles, presented in both religions; Islam and Judaism, which resulted discrimination in faith. To undertake this study, the researcher has adopted the comparative methodology of text reading and analysis of both Holy Quran and Torah.

Improving 9th Grade EFL Students’ Reading Speed Through an Enhanced Extensive Reading Methodology

Several in-depth and experimental research have been carried out on the positive results of extensive reading (ER) over the past several years in the areas of ESL/EFL. However, several of the studies include limitations that raise doubts about the claimed positive outcomes. The current study adds to the small amount of well-regulated research by examining the influence of an enhanced ER program on the reading speed of 9th grade EFL learners. The research design included two classes (n = 70): The control group (CG) met for 120 min each week and received instruction, including intensive reading, grammar translation, vocabulary memorizing, whereas the treatment group (TG) received 105 min of the same instruction and 15 min of ER. The analysis uncovered that the TG made statistically significant gains in their reading speed, while the CG did not. Three measurements of effect size also indicate high levels of effect for the TG.

Tectônica em Edifícios Reabilitados na Obra de Norman Foster

Pensar a cidade contemporânea como um organismo vivo e dinâmico, que necessita de respostas às demandas atuais se faz necessário e urgente. Os arquitetos, engenheiros e planejadores discutem, cada vez mais, as dinâmicas sociais, ambientais e econômicas em um contexto integrado. O presente trabalho apresenta a teoria tectônica, alicerçada em um tripé analítico composto pela: concepção, materialidade e técnica, a fim de ser aplicada como metodologia operativa para leitura e identificação do processo de projeto voltado à reabilitação de edifícios no contexto urbano. Inicialmente, buscar-se-á identificar como os parâmetros da vertente tectônica na arquitetura, alicerçada no tripé mencionado, podem servir de base interpretativa para intervenções em edifícios urbanos, com olhar voltado também para as questões tecnológicas sustentáveis que permeiam o discurso na contemporaneidade. Posteriormente, a metodologia será aplicada em estudos de casos de edifícios reabilitados e requalificados na obra do arquiteto Norman Foster. O objetivo é averiguar se os exemplos respondem às questões urbanas contemporâneas voltadas à defesa do patrimônio, preservação, reabilitação, e atendimento às preocupações das gerações futuras. Busca-se como resultado, a identificação da tectônica como ferramenta do projeto multidisciplinar, com foco na reabilitação do patrimônio, em um campo emergente que alie e respeite passado, presente e futuro.

Approaches and Activities Adopted by M. Ed. Student Teachers of English to Teach Reading: A Critical Assessment

Literature on second language reading suggests that the effectiveness of teaching reading depends largely on theoretically-guided and contextually-informed classroom methodology. In this study, we investigated the classroom methodology adopted by the students of Master of Education (M. Ed.) specializing in English from Mahendra Ratna Campus, Tahachal, who were teaching Bachelor of Education (B. Ed.) reading courses during their practice teachinghence defined as ‘student teachers’ (STs). Foregrounding the role of reading in the overall language development and academic achievement of English as a foreign language (EFL) students, the present B. Ed. English curriculum under Tribhuvan University has adopted a content-based approach to teaching reading. In order to understand how those reading courses were taught, we purposively selected ten M.Ed. STs and observed two classes of each, employing a semi-structured classroom observation scheme. In order to cross-compare STs' classroom performance with their theoretical knowledge about reading pedagogy and overall objectives of the reading courses, we also analyzed the English language teaching course the STs had studied in the M.Ed. program as well as B. Ed. reading courses and coursebooks they were teaching. The collected data were coded and analyzed thematically. The findings show that the teaching methodology adopted by the STs goes counter to the principles of ESL/EFL reading and expectations articulated in the reading courses. These findings illustrate the urgent need to reassess the methodology of teaching reading at the tertiary level and minimize the gap between the M. Ed. English students’ pedagogical knowledge and their classroom performance.

How to Be a Good Reader of World Literature

How to Be a Good Reader of World Literature

The politicization of research methods, illustrated in the case of plant closures

AbstractThis paper contributes to building better methods in economic geography by examining the coevolution of theory, methodology, and should read methodology, and the practice of research methods with the policy context. The paper suggests that debates about how economic geography defines its theoretical and methodological boundaries have not been sufficiently cognizant of the effects of policy engagement. It posits that the politicized contemporary context is aligning research practices to policy constituencies, reshaping research questions, altering the criteria of research validity, increasing the division between qualitative and quantitative approaches, and solidifying divisions between different sub-branches of the discipline. This process is illustrated by way of a genealogy of studies of plant closures. The conclusion links these changes to questions about the future of the discipline.

MICHAEL PHILIP WEST AS A FOUNDER OF TEACHING READING METHODOLOGY

The article deals with the problems of reading texts in foreign languages (English texts) and the role of Michael Philip West`s investigations on reading issues. Scientific and practical considerations set forth in the teaching methodology of M.West have played a leading role in solving this problem throughout the world. The ideas of M. West were enriched with new methodological information about training in different countries. KEY WORDS: method, methodology, direct method, grammar translation method, receptive and (re)productive speech, text adaptation, active/passive vocabulary, types of reading, reading comprehension.

The Methods and Criterion of Origen and Maximus Confessor’s Exegesis in Interpreting Scriptures’ Verses on Violence: its Relevance to Prevent Radicalism and Fundamentalism

Radicalism and fundamentalism, commonly characterized by acts of terror and violence, are considered as serious threats to Indonesia as a nation. One of the triggers of radical and fundamentalist movements is the misunderstanding on some verses about violence, war, and murder in the Scriptures. The radicals and the fundamentalists tend to interpret literally and use those verses to legitimate their actions. This paper has no intention to blame and to correct verses of the Scriptures that are literally provocative for violence, but to offer some inspiration from patristic tradition about how to interpret the Bible verses on violence. There are three methods and one criterion, that is, method of “esegesi orante”, method of allegorical-spiritual, method of the Scripture interprets Scripture, and the criteria of ὠφέλειᾰ (ōphéleia: benefit). These methods and criterion may also be applied to interpret and to understand Koran verses on violence, as there are some provocative verses in regard to violence in both Scriptures. Moreover, Muslims also have the Tafsir (exegesis, commentary) as a methodology for reading and explaining the Koran, even accepting hermeneutics as a method of interpretation that is very relevant to understand the message of the Koran.

Crisis y proyección de la narrativa hispanoamericana en la España actual. Una lectura a distancia

En este trabajo se presenta y se interpreta una recopilación de datos relacionados con la publicación y la difusión de la narrativa hispanoamericana actual en España entre 2009 y 2018. Con apoyo en la metodología de la lectura distante propuesta por Franco Moretti y en reflexiones teóricas sobre la relación entre crisis y literatura, se intenta indagar en la eventual consecuencia de la última crisis económica mundial en la reconfiguración del campo, en contraste con la situación durante la primera década del siglo XXI. Para ello, se han utilizado los listados de algunos de los premios más conspicuos; los dossiers y monográficos publicados en tres revistas especializadas (Ínsula, Cuadernos Hispanoamericanos y Quimera) y en los suplementos culturales de otros tres diarios (El Cultural, de El Mundo; Babelia, de El País, y ABC Cultural), numerosas declaraciones de agentes implicados en el campo hispanoamericano peninsular, así como el contenido de una decena de antologías publicadas en el periodo (no sólo en España) y de los catálogos de la editorial Literatura Random House, para aquilatar la deriva transatlántica del fenómeno.

Explorative analysis on red mullet (<em>Mullus barbatus</em>) ageing data variability in the Mediterranean

The uncertainty in age estimation by otolith reading may be at the root of the large variability in red mullet (Mullus barbatus) growth models in the Mediterranean. In the MEDITS survey, red mullet age data are produced following the same sampling protocol and otolith reading methodology. However, ageing is assigned using different interpretation schemes, including variations in theoretical birthdate and number of false rings considered, in addition to differences in the experience level of readers. The present work analysed the influence of these variations and the geographical location of sampling on red mullet ageing using a multivariate approach (principal component analysis). Reader experience was the most important parameter correlated with the variability. The number of rings considered false showed a significant effect on the variability in the first age groups but had less influence on the older ones. The effect of the theoretical birthdate was low in all age groups. Geographical location had a significant influence, with longitude showing greater effects than latitude. In light of these results, workshops, exchanges and the adoption of a common ageing protocol based on age validation studies are considered fundamental tools for improving precision in red mullet ageing.

Scalar Tension and the (Post-)Colonial Anthropocene in Ingrid Winterbach’s To Hell with Cronjé

This article argues for the importance of scalar variability in Ingrid Winterbach’s novel To Hell with Cronjé (2002). My analysis focuses on the figure of the collection, which appears throughout the novel in two wildly different forms: a written journal and a geologic bedrock. In focusing on these two forms, my article examines how differences in scale shape (and at times disrupt) the hierarchies and narratives communicated by collections, which Susan Stewart defines as constitutive classificatory systems that vanquish temporality and obscure history. My article thus asks (and attempts to answer) the following: in what ways have imperial collections elided and re-ordered alternative perspectives? What marginalised histories might be unearthed by enlarging or shifting the scale of collections? And what reading methodologies might be employed for engaging in this recuperative endeavour? By engaging with these questions, my analysis intervenes in recent critical debates in literary studies concerning the capacity of the novel (and of the realist genre) for handling the complexity and variability of scale. This debate has become especially vibrant in ecocritical discourses and conversations surrounding the Anthropocene, which ask us to consider how the immensity of our current climate crisis upends a teleological, anthropocentric view of history. This article, however, contributes to and complicates this debate by putting it in dialogue with post-colonial and anti-colonial perspectives, which complicate presentist understandings of environmental destruction by insisting on the deeper colonial histories that inform it.

РАЗВИТИЕ ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИОННЫХ УМЕНИЙ СУВОРОВЦЕВ ПРИ ОБУЧЕНИИ ВЫРАЗИТЕЛЬНОМУ ЧТЕНИЮ БАЛЛАДЫ Р. Л. СТИВЕНСОНА «ВЕРЕСКОВЫЙ МЁД»

. The introduction to the paper outlines its aim to find ways of developing interpretative skills of the 5th-grade Suvorovites when teaching expressive reading. Materials and methods. The study is based on the analysis of psychological, pedagogical, and methodological literature, which help to teach the 5th-grade Suvorovites to deeply percept and understand literary text and subtext, and can foster the development of interpretative skills while teaching them to expressive reading. The research involves considering artistic interpretation as one of the most important directions of the literary development of reading Suvorovites. According to the study, the interconnection between the hermeneutic and axiological approaches to teaching expressive reading contributes to the development of recreational and creative imagination in the Suvorovites and reveals the deepest meanings of the work of fiction on a personal level. The results of the study. The study has determined the role of the hermeneutic and axiological aspects in the methodology of expressive reading. It has also considered the ways of building the interpretative competence in the younger adolescents of the Suvorov Military School through the work with the sounding word. Some features of the literary text perception by the Suvorovites have been analyzed, and the problems of the formation of the reader’s competence and interpretative skills have been identified, given a gender aspect. The paper also presents an interpretive analysis of the 5th-grade Suvorovites’ expressive reading of R. L. Stevenson’s ballad “Heather Honey” (translated by S. Ya. Marshak). This analysis of the Suvorovites work focuses on the development of emotional responsiveness, expansion of the intonation range, and teaching the empathetic principle in conjunction with the formation of ideas about the moral conceptual complex, which helps to deepen understanding of the ballad subtext and, therefore, not only improves the acting skills of the students but also cultivates their spiritual qualities (axiological aspect). Conclusion The study proves that the interconnection between the hermeneutic and axiological approaches to teaching expressive reading contributes to the efficient development of the interpretative skills of the Suvorovites-readers, allows them to penetrate the deepest meaning of the text, and forms the emotional intelligence and personal qualities of the first-year students of the Suvorov Military School. Keywords: expressive reading, interpretative abilities, hermeneutic approach, axiological approach, interpretative competence, acting analysis, emotional intelligence, text, subtext.

In and Out of Sight: Modernist Writing and the Photographic Unseen by Alix Beeston

Reviewed by: In and Out of Sight: Modernist Writing and the Photographic Unseen by Alix Beeston Stephen Pasqualina In and Out of Sight: Modernist Writing and the Photographic Unseen. Alix Beeston. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018. Pp. 280. $78.00 (cloth); $74.10 (eBook). Was modernism "cinematic"? Over the past twenty years, a wide range of scholars have argued for reappraising literary modernism through its relations with early cinema and photography. Alix Beeston's probing, artful, and original In and Out of Sight: Modernist Writing and the Photographic Unseen extends and redirects this dialogue between modernist literature and visual media, offering a valuable contribution to a body of scholarship that includes such influential titles as Susan McCabe's Cinematic Modernism (2005), Michael North's Camera Works (2005), Sara Blair's Harlem Crossroads (2007), Stuart Burrows's A Familiar Strangeness (2008), and Mark Goble's Beautiful Circuits (2010), as well as more recent works such as Louise Hornby's Still Modernism (2017) and Jonathan Foltz's The Novel After Film (2017). Beeston at once challenges and deepens our understanding of literary modernism's relationship to visual media by unsettling assumptions about modernism's affinities with cinematic speed, wholeness, and narrative continuity on the one hand, and photographic stasis, rupture, and fragmentation on the other. She convincingly argues, instead, for a rereading of US modernist literature through the "intervallic" form, and feminist politics, of a field of visual culture situated between photography and film—what Beeston and other visual studies scholars have termed the "still-moving" field, a field devoted to examining the "interactions and relays between the photographic and the cinematographic" in composite and serial photography (12). Considering the book's avowed commitments to feminism and anti-racism, In and Out of Sight's introduction opens with an unlikely case study: Francis Galton's eugenicist, composite, photographic portraits. Beeston's contrapuntal reading of these troubling images locates in Galton's search for a racial science "processes of repetition and accumulation" whose gaps and seams destabilize the taxonomies of social Darwinism (4). This exchange between form and politics serves as both a model and a foil for Beeston's readings of a wide range of literary and visual texts. Her methodology is both deep and wide: she combines thorough and sensitive close readings with creative and historically grounded analogies across a diverse photographic archive. Conversing with the work of still-moving photographers such as Eadweard Muybridge and Etienne-Jules Marey alongside theories of photography and the moving image, ethnic studies, and feminist and queer literary criticism, Beeston reads the formal gaps and fissures of composite and serial photography as a model for a "new theory of literary textuality in modernism—a theory that occasions a feminist reappraisal of its ethical possibilities" (4). [End Page 629] Beeston adopts a reading methodology designed to dismantle the gendered and racialized exclusions that have traditionally structured modernist studies. Whereas scholars such as Susan Stanford Friedman, Jessica Berman, Matthew Hart, and Jahan Ramazani have challenged longstanding accounts of modernism by expanding the field's temporal and geographic boundaries, Beeston looks deeply within a body of long-canonized US literature to voice the latent political possibilities that lay dormant within modernism's formal gaps. The authors of these works, rather than embodying emancipatory politics, "show marked tendencies toward essentialist thought, racialist, nativist, gendered, or otherwise" (7). Beeston thus seeks to unearth what one might call, to adapt a phrase from Walter Benjamin, the "optical unconscious" of literary modernism: the absent presence of the composite, layered, and sutured women whose disarticulations have helped sustain a distorted and dated, yet stubbornly persistent, image of modernism as exclusively white, masculinist, and triumphalist.1 In search of modernism's "woman-in-series," its "recalcitrant, running-off female figures," Beeston examines an alternative archive of visual analogues to those typically deployed in readings of modernist literature (In and Out of Sight, 187). While scholars have often understood Gertrude Stein's writing in relation to Cubist painting, for instance, Beeston establishes in chapter one an analogy between the serialized, composite women characters of Three Lives (1909) and documentary and surrealist photography. Stein's first readers, Beeston demonstrates, encountered Three Lives as a "series...

Review: Rome Resurgent: War and Empire in the Age of Justinian, by Peter Heather

Peter Heather, Rome Resurgent: War and Empire in the Age of Justinian . Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018. xiii + 393 pp. ISBN 9780199362745. $29.95. Written with the characteristic pugilistic vim that has become the hallmark of his recent publications, Peter Heather's latest book is a political and military history of the reign of Justinian. The central aim of the book is to interrogate previous assumptions that instability caused by Justinian's storied military campaigns, and the strain that these campaigns placed on eastern imperial resources, eventually caused both the reversal of his military successes and, ultimately, the downfall of the eastern provinces in the face of Muslim conquest (pp. 7–9). Thus, the book attempts to provide a balance sheet for the successes and failures of Justinian's reign, primarily by focusing on the effectiveness and overall impact of his military policies. On the whole, Heather portrays Justinian as a political actor behaving in patterns that were well established for Roman emperors and, following a dominant theme from his previous work on the end of the western Roman Empire, he attributes the later contraction of the eastern Empire in the seventh century not to the long-term consequences of Justinian's policies, but to instabilities caused by “foreigners” (esp. pp. 3–6). Although the style and manner of citation indicate that the book was written primarily for a popular, non-academic audience, Heather's stance against a “revisionist discourse” (pp. 3–4) in academic interpretations of Justinian's reign suggests an academic audience was intended as well. Whether or not the book succeeds in its suitability for either a popular or academic audience is a subject to which this review will return in its conclusion. The book is organized into twelve chapters, including an introduction which attends to the preliminary business of framing Justinian's legacy in the wider context of modern studies of the sixth century, outlining some themes related to the exhaustion of western imperial power and explaining Heather's methodology for reading of …

Iteracies of feeling

Computational readings of culture allow us to pose new questions or create new cultural forms supporting new forms of critical thinking and reading. Yet the machine may not be able to identify some of the qualities, such as emotion, that might be central to the question raised. Using the Next Rembrandt project as a case study, this paper suggests an approach to consider the medium as the site of meaning making in digital culture and how this affects critical practice using Raymond Williams, David Berry and Jacques Derrida. In the first part, I consider the idea of reading with machines and how this might be considered within the medium. The second part uses iteracy to find meaning in the models and how this might reveal new critical paths through readings of the image. The final part presents a reading of the digital object itself and how these can be used to create a space for meaning to come into being. Through this, the article raises questions about critical techniques for understanding the material object in distant reading methodologies asongoing research.

“Buoyant Cartographies”: Strata-Mapping the Detroit River Border

Abstract. In the early days of September 2018, a group of artists and researchers converged on the Detroit River (an international border between Detroit, Michigan, USA and Windsor, Ontario, Canada) to investigate the “Buoyant Cartographies” that this particular site demanded. As one of the parties involved in this participatory event (along with Lead Investigators In/Terminus Creative Research Group and Float School), my artist-research collective Hamilton Perambulatory Unit (HPU) undertook an experimental mapping project that investigated the different “strata” of the place and the development of a “city-image.” The HPU Strata-Walk is an experimental and performative mapping methodology that focuses on how spatial meaning is created through a “stratigraphic” sensing of a site. The Detroit-Windsor border makes an especially compelling site for a Strata-Walk, in light of the conflicts over borders and walls in the current political environment, which presents an urgent need towards understanding and envisioning alternate possibilities for border zones. As a material site and geo-political space, the Detroit River border particularly benefits from intermedial investigations into spatial meanings and their construction. Notably, the role of folklore and local narratives on the internet and social media (and the erasure of Indigenous knowledge) figures large in developing one's knowledge of place. Experimental cartographies can thus help to develop alternate ways of seeing such sites.This presentation is an attempt to trace this particular event of “discovery,” an account of how a place becomes known and how intermedial practices influence the manifestation of space and experience. Inherent in this research is the overarching question of how one begins to decolonize public narratives of place, how gaps and erasures in knowledge can be located in order to demarcate a way forward for further study and action. With these concerns in mind, I conduct a preliminary analysis of the border site through the activities of the HPU and our specific “strata-walking” framework, which focuses on different approaches of mapping-as-process, from phenomenological, ethnographic and cultural landscape reading methodologies to networked, social and digital media research. This performative mapping can shape individual experiences of the border through the revealing of complex networks, flows, and narratives, and point to fissures where alternative imaginings might be possible. I will first begin with a brief introduction to the HPU’s methodologies, before situating them in a survey of relevant literatures around experimental and critical processes of mapping. Then, using photographic and textual documentation, I delve into some very preliminary results of the investigation, focusing on touristic experiences of border crossing as well as a look at the specific “imageability” of Peche Island in the Detroit River, a place of rumour and mystery, now a nature park maintained by the city of Windsor. The overall goal will be to demonstrate the necessity of experimental cartographies in the creation of alternate experiences and more reflexive narratives about the border zone, with the Detroit-Windsor border as a case study.

Brainbodies and the imaging of plasticity

ABSTRACTThis article considers two conceptual formations – brainbodies and plasticity – through some of the image-form processes of neuroscience, art and curation. Underpinned by the writings of philosopher Catherine Malabou, the ethnography of Science and Technology Studies (STS) scholar Joseph Dumit, and the artistic projects of curator Carolyn Christov-Bakargiev, the article firstly examines Positron Emission Tomography (PET) (as articulated by Dumit) and its image-making processes to show how plasticity is at work in the brainbody’s molecular negotiations with the scanning apparatus. Secondly, the article analyses the entanglements generated out of the receptions of neuro-aesthetic and artistic image-forms in the curatorial directions of two of Carolyn Christov-Bakargiev’s projects: dOCUMENTA (13) and the 14th Istanbul Biennial SALTWATER: A Theory of Thought Forms. A diffractive methodology of reading, as articulated in the feminist technoscientific writings of Donna Haraway and Karen Barad, helps to re-register the plasticity of matter in the contexts of art and curation. The image-forms that feature in this article expose some of the boundaries and limitations of cultural meaning-making and their associated forms. This includes the productive insights generated out of the crossing through of disciplinary perspectives and their image-making mechanisms.

FORMATION OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE COMPETENCE OF READING ON THE UPPER DEGREE OF STUDY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN SECONDARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

Abstract. This article is devoted to the problem of the formation of the competence of the English language reading on upper degree; the general characteristics of competence of reading in English language on the upper degree are given; the aims of the competence of reading in English language are defined; examples of exercises, characteristics of means and the issue of the assessment of the competence of reading in English language described, the specifics of competency education in English lessons are determined.
 The article proves that one of the types of communicative activities in foreign language classes is reading. There is considered the general characteristics of foreign language competence of reading, the purpose of its formation in pupils; is given description of exercises and tasks; is described the means of forming the competence of reading at the highest level and control the level of its formation.
 In this work it is shown on what depends the meaningful aspect of reading and which two basic levels of understanding of the text are present during the study; the necessary conditions for forming the competence of reading English at the highest level are the relevant principles of learning; the theoretical basis of the methodology of reading on lessons should have general educative laws and principles for the construction of any learning process. Also, in this article it is proved that the ability to read allows pupils, in their further work and training, to use literature in a foreign language to find information on the speciality, to satisfy their readership or creative interests, and to improve the skills of oral speech.
 For solving the problems were used general scientific methods of theoretical and empirical research which mutually complement each other and provided the possibility of comprehensive knowledge of the subject of research. Methods (analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature, comparison and generalization of facts) were used at the stage of theoretical research. Other methods were decisive in developing a set of exercises for teaching English language instruction for senior students.

Patterns in language: Text analysis of government reports on the Irish industrial school system with word embedding

AbstractIndustrial Memories is a digital humanities initiative to supplement close readings of a government report with new distant readings, using text analytics techniques. The Ryan Report (2009), the official report of the Commission to Inquire into Child Abuse (CICA), details the systematic abuse of thousands of children from 1936 to 1999 in residential institutions run by religious orders and funded and overseen by the Irish State. Arguably, the sheer size of the Ryan Report—over 1 million words—warrants a new approach that blends close readings to witness its findings, with distant readings that help surface system-wide findings embedded in the Report. Although CICA has been lauded internationally for its work, many have critiqued the narrative form of the Ryan Report, for obfuscating key findings and providing poor systemic, statistical summaries that are crucial to evaluating the political and cultural context in which the abuse took place (Keenan, 2013, Child Sexual Abuse and the Catholic Church: Gender, Power, and Organizational Culture. Oxford University Press). In this article, we concentrate on describing the distant reading methodology we adopted, using machine learning and text-analytic methods and report on what they surfaced from the Report. The contribution of this work is threefold: (i) it shows how text analytics can be used to surface new patterns, summaries and results that were not apparent via close reading, (ii) it demonstrates how machine learning can be used to annotate text by using word embedding to compile domain-specific semantic lexicons for feature extraction and (iii) it demonstrates how digital humanities methods can be applied to an official state inquiry with social justice impact.