Methodology Of Mathematical Modeling Research Articles

An approach to assessing the level of competitiveness of a timber industry innovative enterprise based on the methodology of economic and mathematical modelling

The article proposes an approach to assess the level of competitiveness of timber industry enterprises, as an example, furniture enterprises that carry out innovative activities and produce innovative products are considered. The principles of economic and mathematical modelling form the basis for the assessment of the improved methodology. In the improved methodology, a group of weighting coefficients is proposed that make it possible to most accurately determine the level of competitiveness of an innovative enterprise according to the proposed economic and mathematical model, but taking into account the implementation of all stages in the algorithm developed by the author to increase the level of competitiveness of an innovative forestry enterprise. The general integral indicator of the level of competitiveness of the analysed enterprise is calculated. Based on the formed economic and mathematical model, an assessment of the level of competitiveness of an innovative furniture enterprise was carried out. It was determined that in the analysed enterprise it is necessary to pay attention to the factors of competitive and strategic positioning (0.61 in 2020) and trade and production efficiency (0.82 for the reporting period), the values of the coefficients of which are at the minimum level.

A model-informed method to retrieve intrinsic from apparent cooperativity and project cellular target occupancy for ternary complex-forming compounds.

There is an increasing interest to develop therapeutics that modulate challenging or undruggable target proteins via a mechanism that involves ternary complexes. In general, such compounds can be characterized by their direct affinities to a chaperone and a target protein and by their degree of cooperativity in the formation of the ternary complex. As a trend, smaller compounds have a greater dependency on intrinsic cooperativity to their thermodynamic stability relative to direct target (or chaperone) binding. This highlights the need to consider intrinsic cooperativity of ternary complex-forming compounds early in lead optimization, especially as they provide more control over target selectivity (especially for isoforms) and more insight into the relationship between target occupancy and target response via estimation of ternary complex concentrations. This motivates the need to quantify the natural constant of intrinsic cooperativity (α) which is generally defined as the gain (or loss) in affinity of a compound to its target in pre-bound vs. unbound state. Intrinsic cooperativities can be retrieved via a mathematical binding model from EC50 shifts of binary binding curves of the ternary complex-forming compound with either a target or chaperone relative to the same experiment but in the presence of the counter protein. In this manuscript, we present a mathematical modeling methodology that estimates the intrinsic cooperativity value from experimentally observed apparent cooperativities. This method requires only the two binary binding affinities and the protein concentrations of target and chaperone and is therefore suitable for use in early discovery therapeutic programs. This approach is then extended from biochemical assays to cellular assays (i.e., from a closed system to an open system) by accounting for differences in total ligand vs. free ligand concentrations in the calculations of ternary complex concentrations. Finally, this model is used to translate biochemical potency of ternary complex-forming compounds into expected cellular target occupancy, which could ultimately serve as a way for validation or de-validation of hypothesized biological mechanisms of action.

Electrical Grids Based on Power Routers: Definition, Architecture and Modeling

Recent studies have developed a power electronic device known as the power router, able to fully control the power flows over the connected power lines. The present paper aims to extend the application of power routers to an electrical grid and explore its characteristics and limitations. It defines the power router grid concept, including the conditions for interconnection and architecture; it proposes a mathematical modelling methodology, analyses its operational requirements, and explores the degree of flexibility the proposed grid architecture provides. Finally, two case studies are presented to show the application of the power router grid in a practical example.

Forecasting the Durability of Composite Materials Products under the Combined Action of Mechanical Loads and Chemically Aggressive Media

Structures made of composite materials with a complex structure during operation are subjected to the combined effects of mechanical loads and aggressive media, which initiate the accumulation of damage in the material. As a result, premature destruction of structures, buildings, structures are possible. To prevent emergencies, it is necessary to be able to assess the resource of structures at any time. The article analyzes the previously proposed methodology of mathematical modeling of degradation processes, calculation and prediction of durability, resource structures, based on the application of the fundamental laws of mechanics of deformable solids and physico-chemical kinetics. The mechanisms of degradation of composites, methods of experimental determination of the main degradation parameters, conditions for calculating the durability of two groups of limit states are considered.

A Complex Organomineral Admixture For Cement Saving

The aim of the research is to prepare a composition of a complex organomineral admixture based on industrial waste for cement saving, to experimentally establish the optimum crushing degree of an ash-and-slag waste composition and to estimate the ratio between mineral and organic components of the complex admixture, ensuring the possibility of reducing cement consumption without loss of concrete strength. As a mineral component of the complex admixture the wastes from thermoelectric power stations were used, representing by an ash-and-slag waste composition crushed to a fine powder condition. Optimization of the complex admixture is carried out using mathematical methods of the theory of planning experiments.
 As a result of this research a quadratic polynomial model of influence of crushing fineness of ash-and-slag wastes and cement consumption on concrete strength has been obtained. It is established, that depending on the degree of crushing of ash-and-slag waste composition within values of specific surface of received powder from 2400 to 4000 cm2/g it is possible to reduce cement consumption by 8-18 % without loss in strength of concrete. The introduction of complex organomineral admixtures into concrete is very effective as it saves cement. However, special studies are required in each case. The compositions of the new complex admixtures are tested on the basis of traditional raw materials, and economic efficiency in saving cement is established. It is proposed to use the methodology of mathematical modelling of the technological complex system under study, presented in this article.

Рекуперация авиационных газотурбинных двигателей для решения проблем наземного транспорта и энергетики

The article presents an example of recuperation of aircraft gas turbine engines (GTE), adapted for use on ground conditions, used both for pipeline transportation of liquid, and gas forms which are oil or gas pipelines, and for power engineering. GTE due to its advanced qualities, such as compactness, specific energy intensity, throttle response, etc., have found a wide application in the form of power units for ground-based purposes. However, questions remain about their reliability and durability under these conditions, one of the approaches for solving these issues is the recuperation of the working process of the aircraft GTE. The paper presents a methodology for the implementation of a variant of the structural layout for recuperation of the power plant for the presented type. The principle of recuperation а GTE consists of the application of methods for converting, transferring, or redirecting heat in engine units Thus the goal of the presented work is to create a comparative methodology for mathematical modeling of the knownthermodynamic cycle of operation of a GTE and cycle with recuperation. The proposed research is aimed to study the option of using the energy of engine exhaust gases through a specially designed (selected) heat exchanger, the main work is the recognition and calculation of the actual state of the thermal potential in the engine, as well as the possibility of using the engine parameters averaged over the section to build a mathematical model for analyzing the performance of GTE cycles with or without heat recovery

A Comprehensive Review of Photovoltaic Modules Models and Algorithms Used in Parameter Extraction

Currently, solar energy is one of the leading renewable energy sources that help support energy transition into decarbonized energy systems for a safer future. This work provides a comprehensive review of mathematical modeling used to simulate the performance of photovoltaic (PV) modules. The meteorological parameters that influence the performance of PV modules are also presented. Various deterministic and probabilistic mathematical modeling methodologies have been investigated. Moreover, the metaheuristic methods used in the parameter extraction of diode models of the PV equivalent circuits are addressed in this article to encourage the adoption of algorithms that can predict the parameters with the highest precision possible. With the significant increase in the computational power of workstations and personal computers, soft computing algorithms are expected to attract more attention and dominate other algorithms. The different error expressions used in formulating objective functions that are employed in extracting the parameters of PV models are comprehensively expressed. Finally, this work aims to develop a comprehensive layout for the previous, current, and possible future areas of PV module modeling.

A technology of structural mathematical modelling for engineering objects under vibrational loading: Interaction forms and dynamic invariants

We present a system approach to evaluating dynamic forms of interactions between elements of mechanical oscillatory systems, which can be applied as design diagrams of engineering objects used for transport or technology purposes. The approach of structural mathematical modelling was used, where a mechanical oscillatory system (with the finite number of freedom degrees) is compared to the block diagram of a dynamically equivalent automatic control system. The research object was represented by a family of mechanical oscillatory systems with the finite number of freedom degrees under the action of connected force harmonic disturbances. The main research focus was on a set of dynamic states of an engineering object, which are caused by the application of common-phase external force disturbances at various frequencies and characterised by a connection coefficient. For a family of chain mechanical oscillatory systems with two degrees of freedom, a method for interpreting a set of dynamic states in the form of oriented graphs was developed. A method for constructing a population graph of dynamic states based on the frequency response of system transfer functions was developed. Within the framework of the developed interpretation, the graphs of dynamic states can be considered as peculiar invariants that persist on sets of mechanical oscillatory system parameters. Using the methodology of structural mathematical modelling, a concept of dynamic invariants was developed, according to which the totality of dynamic invariants can be used to provide a general evaluation of the variety of dynamic states and forms of dynamic interactions between the elements of mechanical oscillatory systems. The proposed concept of dynamic invariants extends the methodology of structural mathematical modelling in relation to the problems of system analysis for ensuring the safety of engineering objects for transport and technology purposes under the conditions of connected vibrational loading.

Scientometric evaluation of 100-year history of Poultry Science (1921–2020)

To have a better contribution to the poultry production community, the Poultry Science Association founded journals including Poultry Science (PS) at 1921. Now, after 100 yr of publishing, PS ranks between the top 10 journals in the category of “agriculture, dairy, and animal science”. One hundred years after publishing the first paper in PS, the poultry industry has been completely revolutionized. Hence, it will be interesting to establish scientometrics study of the PS development during the last century. Therefore, based on findings of the current study, among countries/authors’ collaborations, future research fronts, and possibility of hot topics in the coming years may be predictable. Accordingly, a total of 22,451 articles were retrieved. For content analyses, according to the PS categorization for subject areas, 14 different subject areas were developed, including “behavior, breeding and quantitative genetics, education and extension, health and welfare, immunology, management and environment, metabolism and nutrition, microbiology and virology, modeling, molecular biology, physiology and anatomy, production, products, processing and marketing, and reproduction”. Considering the 100-yr of PS, the most frequent subject area was “nutrition and metabolism” (14,109 articles), and “modeling” (1,114 articles) attracted less scholarly attention. However, considering the last decade (2011–2020), the most important subject area was “molecular biology” (1,420 of 2,466 articles; 57.58%), followed by “modeling” (544 of 1,144 articles; 48.88%). Moreover, the most frequent poultry species/strains were broilers (retrieved in 6,156 articles), followed by laying hens, turkeys, and quail. Considering collaboration of countries and researchers, it can be said that a total number of 108 countries contributed to PS, with the most prolific country being United States (with 9,421 articles; 43.16%), followed by China, Canada, the Netherlands, and Japan. Among the authors, Harms RH (287 articles), and Siegel PB (208) were the most prolific authors, and Siegel PB and Dunnington EA (71 articles) had more collaborations. To study keyword trends, including 3 time periods broilers was the central co-occurrent keyword, while the importance of chickens and turkeys declined during the time. Salmonella spp. was a constant representative of poultry microbiology during 100 yr. While “nutrition and metabolism” was the most important subject area, nutrition-related keywords (major items) were not concentrated and co-occurred with a variety of keywords from different subject areas. While “molecular biology” ranked first over the past decade, the importance of “nutrition and metabolism” should not be ignored. In fact, in recent years, molecular basis of the nutrition has been studied. In big-data era and due to developing the molecular biology technologies, it seems that using mathematical modeling and computational methodologies will increase and probably remains as one of the most attractive research areas for scientists at least in the upcoming future decades.

Effects of clot contraction on clot degradation: A mathematical and experimental approach

Thrombosis, resulting in occlusive blood clots, blocks blood flow to downstream organs and causes life-threatening conditions such as heart attacks and strokes. The administration of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), which drives the enzymatic degradation (fibrinolysis) of these blood clots, is a treatment for thrombotic conditions, but the use of these therapeutics is often limited due to the time-dependent nature of treatment and their limited success. We have shown that clot contraction, which is altered in prothrombotic conditions, influences the efficacy of fibrinolysis. Clot contraction results in the volume shrinkage of blood clots, with the redistribution and densification of fibrin and platelets on the exterior of the clot and red blood cells in the interior. Understanding how these key structural changes influence fibrinolysis can lead to improved diagnostics and patient care. We used a combination of mathematical modeling and experimental methodologies to characterize the process of exogenous delivery of t-PA (external fibrinolysis). A three-dimensional (3D) stochastic, multiscale model of external fibrinolysis was used to determine how the structural changes that occur during the process of clot contraction influence the mechanism(s) of fibrinolysis. Experiments were performed based on modeling predictions using pooled human plasma and the external delivery of t-PA to initiate lysis. Analysis of fibrinolysis simulations and experiments indicate that fibrin densification makes the most significant contribution to the rate of fibrinolysis compared with the distribution of components and degree of compaction (p < 0.0001). This result suggests the possibility of a certain fibrin density threshold above which t-PA effective diffusion is limited. From a clinical perspective, this information can be used to improve on current therapeutics by optimizing timing and delivery of lysis agents.

The Interdisciplinarity of Criminology in the Context of the Methodological and Structural Transformation of Science

Interdisciplinarity is a research paradigm whose significance is increasing as the science and the society are experiencing intensive transformations. The traditional mechanisms of interdisciplinarity in criminology - the «zones of interdisciplinarity» - are developing alongside the active emergence of their new types: acquisition of new knowledge about the object as a result of synthesis, convergence of research disciplines, establishment of technoscience at the intersection of fundamental and applied research, of natural sciences and the humanities. The goal of this research is critical reflection and substantiation of innovative approaches to the development of the «zones of interdisciplinarity» in criminology as a new type of phenomena brought about by the rapid technological progress. The integration of the humanities and natural sciences in the paradigm of complexity, the emergence of technoscience uniting many aspects of natural sciences and technology with its society- and practice-oriented knowledge set task and goals for criminology whose achievement should be methodologically and practically embedded in the general framework of the development of the humanities and transdisciplinary cognition in an «innovative» way. The development of the functioning principles of the innovative «zones of interdisciplinarity» is undoubtedly valuable for modern research, for implementing the prediction functions of criminology and for the creation of a stable theoretical and methodological basis that corresponds to the topical trends and needs of research. It is connected not only with the growing volume of interdisciplinary research, but also with changes in the very strategy of cognitive activities in general, where interdisciplinarity is viewed as an intra-science phenomenon, while trans-disciplinarity presupposes crossing the boundaries of natural sciences and the humanities and entering the sphere of practically relevant problems. Critical reflection is required for two important aspects of the development of interdisciplinarity - further integration of criminology and mathematics that reached a new level and defined the innovative «zone of interdisciplinarity», and the synthesis of criminology and cognitive neuroscience. The development of information technologies and the emergence of new or transformed «zones of interdisciplinarity» in the research of criminal processes contributes to the establishment of digital criminology, information criminology, and criminometrics. The methodology of mathematical modeling is developing rapidly, it acts as an integrative language of many sciences because interdisciplinary synthesis solves the tasks of methodological support for the conducted research. There is some rationale behind treating criminology, and jurisprudence as a whole, as exact sciences. Certain attempts are being made to develop a new integrative methodology using mathematical modeling which, however, are only prospective is the philosophical and methodological principles of cognition are preserved. The study of conscience and its evolution by modern neuroscience gained momentum due to the development of cognitive neurobiology and highly informative neurophysiological methods of researching the brain. They widen the opportunities for using conscience restoration methods and make human mind and conscience control technologies more realistic. Due to this, the fundamental research of the mechanism of regulating conscience and its protection mechanisms become an important aspect of ensuring criminological security. This is the area of high potential criminogenic danger that poses considerable risks. Criminal (criminological) riskology should be developed rapidly.

A Framework for the Optimization of Complex Cyber-Physical Systems via Directed Acyclic Graph.

Mathematical modeling and data-driven methodologies are frequently required to optimize industrial processes in the context of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). This paper introduces the PipeGraph software library, an open-source python toolbox for easing the creation of machine learning models by using Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG)-like implementations that can be used for CPS. scikit-learn’s Pipeline is a very useful tool to bind a sequence of transformers and a final estimator in a single unit capable of working itself as an estimator. It sequentially assembles several steps that can be cross-validated together while setting different parameters. Steps encapsulation secures the experiment from data leakage during the training phase. The scientific goal of PipeGraph is to extend the concept of Pipeline by using a graph structure that can handle scikit-learn’s objects in DAG layouts. It allows performing diverse operations, instead of only transformations, following the topological ordering of the steps in the graph; it provides access to all the data generated along the intermediate steps; and it is compatible with GridSearchCV function to tune the hyperparameters of the steps. It is also not limited to entries. Moreover, it has been proposed as part of the scikit-learn-contrib supported project, and is fully compatible with scikit-learn. Documentation and unitary tests are publicly available together with the source code. Two case studies are analyzed in which PipeGraph proves to be essential in improving CPS modeling and optimization: the first is about the optimization of a heat exchange management system, and the second deals with the detection of anomalies in manufacturing processes.

Radarski sistem za praćenje ciljeva velikih brzina zasnovan na upotrebi BPSK signala i digitalnoj kompenzaciji doplerovog pomaka

Introduction/purpose: This paper presents a model of a high speed target radar tracking system that is much simpler than the existing ones. The Doppler shift is compensated before signal compression, simultaneously with the modification of the clock signal in the compression filter. This is possible thanks to the development of FPGA technology. The most important for this application are very fast clock control units which enable operation with different frequency references up to 1 GHz with an accuracy far below 1 Hz. Methods: In this paper, the methodology of mathematical modeling and simulation is used. Results: The results of the analysis of the most important effects in radars caused by high-speed targets are presented and discussed - target migration through resolution cells and compression filter response distortion due to high target acceleration. Conclusion: Thanks to flexible RF and signal processing hardware, complex radar processing procedures are not required. The sensitivity of the BPSK signal to the Doppler shift (which is usually considered a disadvantage) can be used to reject targets at a slightly different rate. This system can be used in space debris tracking, airspace target tracking, car driving, etc.

Комп’ютерне рішення для знаходження поперечних динамічних зміщень товстих пружних плит в умовах невизначеності

The article poses the task of finding the function of dynamic transverse displacements of thick elastic plates under the action of axisymmetric external dynamic disturbances acting on the surface of such plates. When setting the problem, it is indicated that some initial-boundary observations are known for the state of the plate, but their number is insufficient to solve this problem by classical methods of mathematical physics or numerical integration. Therefore, it is possible to apply to this problem the method of mathematical modeling of externally distributed dynamic processes under conditions of uncertainty, i.e. under insufficient number of initial and boundary conditions. For such a method, it is necessary to have an integral mathematical model and its main components - kernels, that is, integral functions for which there is a finding method. Or they can be calculated using numerical methods of computer algebra systems. With the built integral model of the dynamics of thick elastic plates, taking into account its kernels, the method of mathematical modeling of the dynamics of spatially distributed processes leads to the result - a set of solutions that accurately satisfy the integral and differential models and agree with the initial boundary conditions according to a certain criterion. The article selects one of the many solutions to the problem of finding the function of transverse dynamic displacements, which is found according to the methodology of mathematical modeling of the dynamics of spatially distributed processes and thanks to the calculation of the integral function of the mathematical integral model. For the problem, the elastic characteristics and density of the slab corresponding to some material are fixed, some specific external dynamic disturbances and initial-at-the-edge observations are determined, which are represented by certain conditions at specific points. Under such assumptions, graphs of the functions of transverse dynamic displacements are constructed at different values of the transverse coordinate z and at the value 0 of the radial coordinate r of the cylindrical coordinate system.

Construction of Concepts Images from Mathematical Models Obtained with the Tracker Software

This work aims to investigate the potential of combining the Mathematical Modeling methodology with the use of the software Tracker with undergraduate students in Mathematics in the reconstruction of physical models for the construction of function concepts. For this, a qualitative and exploratory study of bibliographic and experimental character was carried out, involving field activities. Our results point to a greater understanding in the construction of the models, since the mathematical models can be recreated from the correlation to physical models already validated. We also verified that the Tracker software enables an excellent visual perception of different concept images.

Формализация базовых процессов и математическая модель системы мониторинга и анализа публикаций электронных СМИ

The article describes an approach to formalizing basic processes and building a mathematical model for a system for collecting and analyzing data from electronic media. The authors, as part of a scientific study, are creating a system, including the development of new algorithms, methods and approaches for collecting and analyzing textual information from Internet news sources. The main direction of the study is the application of methods for the mining of text data based on the technology of artificial neural networks, methods of natural language processing, text mining, machine learning and big data processing. Purpose of the study. To develop a formalized description of the model of the system for monitoring and analyzing the text information of electronic news media using the methods of mathematical modeling. Research methods and tools. The use of the toolkit of the methodology of mathematical modeling, with the methods of system analysis is proposed. To study the system, such methods of system analysis as abstraction, formalization, composition and decomposition, structuring and restructuring, modeling, recognition and identification were used. The system is considered as a formalized model of an automatic classifier and clusterizer for a set of text documents in a natural language in the form of an algebraic system. To solve the problems of classification and clustering of texts, it is proposed to apply machine learning methods based on neural network approaches. The structure of the system and its constituent processes, as well as processes interacting with the system from outside, are presented in the form of a formalized mathematical description. Results. The developed formalized mathematical description of the system model clearly shows the interconnection of the system components with each other, as well as internal processes. The applied approach makes it possible to detail the representation of the system based on its decomposition into subsystems and modules. All this makes it possible to streamline the sequence of stages of creating a system and decompose them into separate stages of work. Conclusion. The results obtained in the course of the study allow us to move on to the next stage of the life cycle of the information system being developed - its software development.

Design and Optimization of Stimuli-responsive Emulsion-filled Gel for Topical Delivery of Copaiba Oil-resin

This study presents a phytotherapeutic emulsion-filled gel design composed of Pluronic® F127, Carbopol® C934P, and high level of copaiba oil-resin (PHY-ECO). Mathematical modeling and response surface methodology (RSM) were employed to access the optimal ratio between the oil and the polymer gel-matrix constituents. The chemometric approach showed robust mechanical and thermoresponsive properties for emulsion gel. The model predicts viscosity parameters at 35.0°C (skin temperature) from PHY-ECOs. Optimized PHY-ECOs were described by 18-20% (w/w) F127, 0.25% (w/w) C934P, and 15% (w/w) copaiba oil-resin, and showed interfacial layers properties that led to high physicochemical stability. Besides, it had thermal stimuli-responsive that led large viscosity range before and after skin administration, observed by oscillatory rheology. These behaviors give the optimized smart PHY-ECO high design potential to be used as a pharmaceutical platform for CO delivery, focusing on the anti-inflammatory therapy and skin wound care.

Consideration of Metabolite Efflux in Radiolabelled Choline Kinetics.

Hypoxia is a complex microenvironmental condition known to regulate choline kinase α (CHKA) activity and choline transport through transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and, therefore, may confound the uptake of choline radiotracer [18F]fluoromethyl-[1,2-2H4]-choline ([18F]-D4-FCH). The aim of this study was to investigate how hypoxia affects the choline radiotracer dynamics. Three underlying mechanisms by which hypoxia could potentially alter the uptake of the choline radiotracer, [18F]-D4-FCH, were investigated: 18F-D4-FCH import, CHKA phosphorylation activity, and the efflux of [18F]-D4-FCH and its phosphorylated product [18F]-D4-FCHP. The effects of hypoxia on [18F]-D4-FCH uptake were studied in CHKA-overexpressing cell lines of prostate cancer, PC-3, and breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. The mechanisms of radiotracer efflux were assessed by the cell uptake and immunofluorescence in vitro and examined in vivo (n = 24). The mathematical modelling methodology was further developed to verify the efflux hypothesis using [18F]-D4-FCH dynamic PET scans from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (n = 17). We report a novel finding involving the export of phosphorylated [18F]-D4-FCH and [18F]-D4-FCHP via HIF-1α-responsive efflux transporters, including ABCB4, when the HIF-1α level is augmented. This is supported by a graphical analysis of human data with a compartmental model (M2T6k + k5) that accounts for the efflux. Hypoxia/HIF-1α increases the efflux of phosphorylated radiolabelled choline species, thus supporting the consideration of efflux in the modelling of radiotracer dynamics.

A methodology for computing the relative icing degrees of logs stored in an open warehouse at ambient air temperature in winter

ABSTRACT This paper describes a methodology for mathematical modeling, computing, and research of two mutually connected problems: 2D non-stationary temperature distribution in logs stored for a long time in an open warehouse at periodically changing ambient air temperature in winter and change in the icing degrees of the logs during this time. Mathematical descriptions of the periodically changing ambient air temperature and of three types of relative icing degree of the logs that result under the influence of that temperature have been presented. These descriptions are introduced in coupled 2D non-linear mathematical models of the heat distribution in logs during their freezing and defrosting. The paper presents solutions of the models with explicit form of the finite-difference method. Results from a simulative investigation of the 2D non-stationary temperature distribution, average mass temperature, and three types of icing degree of beech logs with industrial dimensions (diameter of 0.4 m and length of 0.8 m), moisture content of 0.6 kg·kg−1, and initial temperature of 0°C during their 5 days and nights alternating freezing and defrosting in an open warehouse at sinusoidal change of the ambient air temperature with various initial values below −5°C and different amplitudes are graphically presented and analyzed.

Информационно-аналитическая система «Спектр распределения теневого денежного потока»

The structure of the article allows us to reveal the main content of the proposed information and analytical system, in order to provide a reasonable representation of the marker distribution of shadow non-cash cash flow by forming a database on the cash flow in the bank accounts of the studied persons and the practical implementation of the author’s methodology for economic and mathematical modeling of the process of monitoring the minimum value of shadow non-cash cash flow, as one of the main characteristics that identify the shadow economy for a certain period. Based on the review of the main provisions of the scientific literature in the field of countering the legalization (laundering) of criminal proceeds and the financing of terrorism, the qualitative characteristics of the initial data of the proposed information and analytical system are determined. The economic and mathematical tools for analyzing the initial data are considered on the example of the production of economic expertise.