Methodological Aspects Research Articles

Methodological aspects of training systems of junior taekwondist

The article analyzes the basis of achievements in the field of promotion of theoretical and methodological bases of sports training on the basis of taekwondo; it is necessary to organize these methodical exercises before the training of taekwondo; the necessity of the processes of natural development and adaptation to the physical advantages of young taekwondo players; the necessity of scientific equipment for the stimulus of training advantages in the minds of emotional states is shown. The specific features of the preparation of taekwondo fighters with the consideration of morphofunctional and psychophysiological features of athletes in the initial-training process are revealed. The most important aspects of taekwondo training or contribute to the optimization of the level of training of athletes are identified. Among the various directly the field of psychophysiology of sports is one of the most promising fields for the search for new approaches to the preparation of highly qualified athletes. The same observation of psychophysiological characteristics gives additional information about the functional state of the athlete for different minds of activity. One of the key nutrients is the prediction of potentially high results in a particular sport on the basis of a comprehensive study of mental and mental strengths and anatomical and physiological tasks. The methodology of SAN can be used to monitor the dynamic emotional state of the athlete, reflected in the indicators of self-esteem, activity and mood during the training period. The results of the psychological test revealed the dependence of the indicators of self-esteem, activity and mood on the indicators of physical activity. The effectiveness and efficiency in taekwondo is determined by the demonstration of high agility, the unprecedented strength of the attackers and defenders, the strength of the tactical and emotional fight. Considering that the effectiveness of taekwondo activities depends on the athlete's ability to jump, we analyze the information that is important to understand the psychophysical functions of the control of the athlete's physical position. this correction of the training process.

The Value of Cultural Models in Eating Disorders Research in Korea: A Call for More Culturally Specific Works.

The study by Monocello et al. presents findings from a cultural model analysis providing support for culturally bounded understandings of weight and shape and body ideals, and identifying factors that vary across culturally anchored weight categories. In this commentary, we highlight the value of utilizing emic perspectives and employing cultural models in research focused on body image and disordered eating, and the usefulness of these empirical data among Korean men who constitute an underrepresented group in the eating disorders literature. In addition, methodological and contextual aspects that warrant consideration in the interpretation of the results are highlighted. Finally, directions for future research are presented focused on body image and disordered eating among Korean men, as well as leveraging cultural models more broadly in the field. We hope that the study by Monocello and colleagues will stimulate additional research that centers the perspectives of underrepresented groups in ways that elevate and honor their experiences and help to shift the field away from a White-centered perspective.

The Role of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) in the Management of Metabolic Diseases in Humans: A Narrative Review.

The gut microbiota represents a complex ecosystem of trillions of microorganisms residing in the human gastrointestinal tract, which is known to interact with the host physiology and regulate multiple functions. Alterations in gut microbial composition, diversity, and function are referred to as dysbiosis. Dysbiosis has been associated with a variety of chronic diseases, including Clostridioides difficile infections, but also cardiometabolic diseases, including obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The implication of gut microbiota dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of both obesity and T2DM has paved the way to implementing novel therapeutic approaches for metabolic diseases through gut microbial reconfiguration. These interventions include probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics, while a more innovative approach has been fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). FMT is a procedure that delivers healthy human donor stool to another individual through the gastrointestinal tract, aiming to restore gut microbiota balance. Several studies have investigated this approach as a potential tool to mitigate the adverse metabolic effects of gut microbiota aberrations associated with obesity and T2DM. The aim of the present review was to critically summarize the existing evidence regarding the clinical applications of FMT in the management of obesity and T2DM and provide an update on the potential of this method to remodel the entire host microbiota, leading thus to weight loss and sustained metabolic benefits. Safety issues, long-term efficacy, limitations, and pitfalls associated with FMT studies are further discussed, emphasizing the need for further research and standardization in certain methodological aspects in order to optimize metabolic outcomes.

Global and inclusive considerations for the future of ACEs research

Exposure to Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) can increase the risk of physical, mental, behavioral, and educational difficulties across the lifespan. ACEs research to date has largely had an individualistic approach, considering experience impacting one person within their own family. In order to be more relevant across societies and cultures around the globe, there is a need to build on current ACEs research by also considering broader aspects of the social ecology including individual, societal, and cultural factors. This commentary discusses the limitations of the current ACEs research and the need to also consider social and methodological aspects of adversity. The importance of considering protective factors is also discussed.

Conceptual approaches to the concept of regional potential: essence, content, classification features

The article highlights the importance of the study, due to disagreements in the theoretical and methodological aspects of considering the concept of regional potential. The analysis of current scientific publications devoted to the study of various conceptual approaches to its interpretation is carried out. The paper analyzes the formulations of the concept of "regional potential" ("regional potential") by a number of authors from the point of view of content orientation to various groups of factors. The generalization was carried out according to the internal and external characteristics, the field of activity (specialization) of the region. The author’s interpretation of the concept is given. The classification of the types of regional potential is carried out, their complex structure is presented, designed taking into account rationality and complexity. Two groups of potentials have been identified – dependent and independent. The concept of aggregate potential is highlighted, which is the final indicator of regional development. As a methodological basis, the developed approach is proposed through the compilation of maps of regional potentials, which allows to unify the order of selection of fundamental factors as the criteria for the development potential of the region. The direct and indirect influence of different types of regional potential on each other is indicated. The substantial essence of the concepts is analyzed and three main approaches to the definition of regional potential are identified – factorial, resource, and effective. The basis for the development of a more detailed study of the interrelation of regional potentials is determined and emphasis is placed on the prospects for formalizing the proposed approach in order to identify mathematical dependencies to support decision-making of strategic management of the region.

Social sustainability in urban mobility: An approach for policies and urban planning from the Global South

Historically, transportation projects and urban mobility policies overlook the dimension of social sustainability, mainly focusing on economic and environmental criteria. This neglect, seen enhanced in the Global South, leads to long travel times, growing congestion, reliance on motorcycles, high traffic accident rates, and limited access to public transport, jobs, and urban facilities, especially for the more vulnerable population. In light of these issues, this paper proposes the Social Sustainability of Urban Mobility (SSUM) approach as an analytical framework that assesses the state of social sustainability in urban mobility by applying a Systematic Literature Review where three gaps were found. First, by tailoring the SSUM approach to the context of the Global South, it is possible to address the population-focused gap in urban mobility. Second, in the literature review, a theoretical gap defining social sustainability in urban mobility and its three primary categories has yet to reach a consensus among practitioners and academics. Finally, more empirical research should be conducted to discuss methodological aspects of operationalizing the SSUM approach through the three main categories: accessibility, the sustainability of the community, and institutionality. The SSUM approach promotes implementing a sustainable urban agenda that builds inclusive, equitable, and just cities in urban mobility.

Handgrip Strength in Health Applications: A Review of the Measurement Methodologies and Influencing Factors.

This narrative review provides a comprehensive analysis of the several methods and technologies employed to measure handgrip strength (HGS), a significant indicator of neuromuscular strength and overall health. The document evaluates a range of devices, from traditional dynamometers to innovative sensor-based systems, and assesses their effectiveness and application in different demographic groups. Special attention is given to the methodological aspects of HGS estimation, including the influence of device design and measurement protocols. Endogenous factors such as hand dominance and size, body mass, age and gender, as well as exogenous factors including circadian influences and psychological factors, are examined. The review identifies significant variations in the implementation of HGS measurements and interpretation of the resultant data, emphasizing the need for careful consideration of these factors when using HGS as a diagnostic or research tool. It highlights the necessity of standardizing measurement protocols to establish universal guidelines that enhance the comparability and consistency of HGS assessments across various settings and populations.

Migration agenda of the Kaliningrad region in the context of socio-economic development of Russia

Relevance. The socio-economic context of the importance of migration policy is represented by a wide range of areas. First of all, the intensity of migration processes significantly correlates with the state of the labor market, influencing the balance of supply and demand. The relevance of the research topic is due to the importance of migration policy, both for the socio-economic development of the state and for ensuring national security in the strategic management horizon. The importance of building an effective migration policy has a significant level of importance for modern Russia. Taking into account the author’s position, the geopolitical situation and the retrospective history of international communications make Russia the center of gravity of migration flows, which requires the establishment of high-quality control not only over their intensity, but also over their structural content.The purpose is to determine the most effective tools for improving migration policy, taking into account territorial specifics.Objectives: to clarify the theoretical and methodological aspects of the implementation of state migration policy in Russia; reveal the features, analytical indicators and organizational mechanisms for implementing migration policy in Russia, taking into account the territorial specifics of the Kaliningrad region.Methodology. The methodological “portfolio” of the study is built on the basis of the provisions of socioeconomic theories of migration process management using quantitative methods of data collection and analysis.Results. A targeted analysis was carried out, as a result of which effective tools were identified for improving migration policy in the Kaliningrad region based on the adaptation of the universal migration project in the Kaliningrad city management system, creating the prerequisites for increasing its effectiveness and achieving target indicators.Conclusion. Improving migration policy is an objective necessity in order to solve a number of socio-economic problems and minimize risks to national security.

ИНСТРУМЕНТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ЦИФРОВОЙ УСТОЙЧИВО-СТИ МУНИЦИПАЛЬНЫХ ОБРАЗОВАНИЙ МОНОПРОФИЛЬНОГО ТИПА ДЛЯ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ НОВЫХ ТОЧЕК РЕГИОНАЛЬНОГО РОСТА

In the article, special attention is paid to the diverse aspects of the allocation of regional growth points, which made it possible to identify their characteristic features and parameters of assessing factors for a possible rating of territories. It was concluded that the methodological and methodological aspects of the study of regional development parameters encountered in practice for identifying growth points do not take into account such important characteristics as the dig-ital development of single-industry territories, digital sustainability and digital transformation processes that take place in a particular territory. At the same time, there is no unified terminology that allows taking into account the peculiar-ities of digitalization of municipalities, which was the basis for the proposal of the author's concepts "digital transformation of a single-profile municipal for-mation" and "digital stability of a single-profile municipal formation", as well as the proposal of a system of parameters for their assessment. A register of prob-lematic aspects of the allocation of regional growth points has been formed, which are subject to monitoring analytical treatments for the use of appropriate tools to suppress them.

Current limitations and future research needs for predicting soil precompression stress: A synthesis of available data

Precompression stress, compression index, and swelling index are used for characterizing the compressive behavior of soils, and are essential soil properties for establishing decision support tools to reduce the risk of soil compaction. Because measurements are time-consuming, soil compressive properties are often derived through pedotransfer functions. This study aimed to develop a comprehensive database of soil compressive properties with additional information on basic soil properties, site characteristics, and methodological aspects sourced from peer-reviewed literature, and to develop random forest models for predicting precompression stress using various subsets of the database. Our analysis illustrates that soil compressive properties data primarily originate from a limited number of countries. There is a predominance of precompression stress data, while little data on compression index or recompression index are available. Most precompression stress data were derived from the topsoils of conventionally tilled arable fields, which is not compatible with knowledge that subsoil compaction is a serious problem. The data compilation unveiled considerable variations in soil compression test procedures and methods for calculating precompression stress across different studies, and a concentration of data at soil moisture conditions at or above field capacity. The random forest models exhibited unsatisfactory predictive performance although they performed better than previously developed models. Models showed slight improvement in predictive power when the underlying data were restricted to a specific precompression stress calculation method. Although our database offers broader coverage of precompression stress data than previous studies, the lack of standardization in methodological procedures complicates the development of predictive models based on combined datasets. Methodological standardization and/or functions to translate results between methodologies are needed to ensure consistency and enable data comparison, to develop robust models for precompression stress predictions. Moreover, data across a wider range of soil moisture conditions are needed to characterize soil mechanical properties as a function of soil moisture, similar to soil hydraulic functions, and to develop models to predict the parameters of such soil mechanical functions.

Participatory research with populations exposed to pesticides in Mato Grosso: methodological aspects and political challenges

RESUMO Objetivou-se descrever os aspectos metodológicos, operacionais e atravessamentos políticos do projeto ‘Avaliação da contaminação ocupacional, ambiental e em alimentos por agrotóxicos na Bacia do Juruena, Mato Grosso (MT)’, realizado entre 2015 e 2019, em municípios de elevada produção agrícola voltada para o agronegócio: Campo Novo do Parecis, Sapezal e Campos de Júlio. Fundamentada na epidemiologia crítica, na vigilância popular e do desenvolvimento, a pesquisa participativa envolveu a população por meio de articulações com prefeituras, sindicatos e escolas públicas e trabalhadores(as) rurais e urbanos. Coletaram-se amostras de matriz ambiental (água, ar, sedimento), alimentar (hortaliças, commodities e animais) e humanas (sangue e urina) e realizou-se um inquérito populacional das condições de saúde autorreferidas, exposição ambiental, alimentar e ocupacional de trabalhadores(as) e moradores(as). Os dados revelaram um processo de contaminação impositiva em todo o território da bacia do rio Juruena, no ambiente, em alimentos, e o adoecimento agudo e crônico supostamente relacionado com a exposição ambiental e ocupacional aos agrotóxicos. O processo participativo na pesquisa almejou fortalecer a luta por territórios saudáveis e sustentáveis mediante redes cooperativas, vigilância popular de base territorial e das populações expostas aos agrotóxicos, além de outros desdobramentos que modifiquem legislações e processos destrutivos do atual modelo de desenvolvimento.

Причины возникновения языкового барьера у старшеклассников при изучении иностранного языка

The purpose of the work is to identify the main factors influencing the manifestation of the language barrier in motivated high school students when learning a foreign language in a secondary school. The article examines both the phenomenon of the language barrier itself and the causes of its occurrence, analyzes various definitions of this term in the Russian scientific literature. A parallel is drawn with the English-language term "language anxiety" used by foreign authors; The results of testing to identify language anxiety among students in grades 10-11 of public schools are presented. As a result of the study, it was found that the most significant for the emergence of a barrier in speaking are the psychological problems of the students themselves and the methodological aspects of the organization of the educational process in teaching English. The scientific novelty lies in considering the language barrier through the prism of a competence-based approach in education, as well as in dividing the causes of the barrier into groups depending on the lack of formation of individual components of foreign language communicative competence. The study of the language barrier in this aspect can be used by teachers of a foreign language to solve methodological problems.

Biomonitoring of Pesticides in the Reservoirs of the Saratov Region

An assessment of the circulation of pesticides in the Saratov region was carried out. A list of pesticides that pose a potential hazard to public health as a result of chemical pollution of water bodies and aquatic organisms consumed by humans has been determined. It is proposed to use satellite images of the terrain located in the drainage basin area in order to justify the sampling points from surface water household supplies potentially contaminated with pesticides. The methodological aspects of the use of a multicomponent biotest system in establishing the toxicity of pesticides are considered. It is concluded that when arranging the biotesting to assess the toxicity of water and sediment samples containing pesticides in concentrations up to 10 MAC, it is recommended to use aquatic organisms with a minimally developed detoxification system.

Randomized clinical trials and related concepts in clinical research.

Clinical research is a key factor in healthcare progress, as it contributes toward improving our knowledge on the prevention, etiology, and treatment of different conditions. Healthcare professionals and researchers should be familiar with this specific terminology and procedures of clinical research to understand and be able to evaluate clinical trial results and make decisions using up-to-date recommendations. To do so, they must be familiar with different methodological aspects: from establishing the type of design, the study population, and the groups to be studied, to understanding the randomization and blinding processes. Additionally, when it comes to communicating the results and publishing them, it is also necessary to know how to do it adequately to ensure transparency. This work includes a description of different concepts commonly used in clinical research, particularly in the clinical trials field, in an attempt to compile different topics by providing a brief and accessible overview.

Theoretical and methodological aspects of the need to introduce financial technologies in the banking sector

Theoretical and methodological aspects of the need to introduce financial technologies in the banking sector

Economic Assessment of Damage to Specially Protected Natural Areas from Negative Water Impacts: Methodological and Applied Aspects

Economic Assessment of Damage to Specially Protected Natural Areas from Negative Water Impacts: Methodological and Applied Aspects

Проверка измерительной инвариантности для тестов когнитивных и языковых способностей

<p style="text-align: justify;">This paper discusses the measurement invariance of assessment instruments. The purpose of measurement invariance testing is to assess the extent to which a measured construct has comparable meaning across different groups or measurement points, to ensure that comparisons of these groups or measures to each other are appropriate. The paper provides an overview of recent and classic papers discussing conceptual and methodological aspects of invariance testing. Specific focus is placed on the available data on invariance testing for the assessments of cognitive and language abilities, and on the significance of invariance for the accurate assessment of individual and between-group differences. Finally, current approaches to invariance testing within structural equation modelling and item response theory are discussed. This paper may serve as an introduction to the concept of measurement invariance. It will be useful to readers interested in improving the quality of measurement instruments and making more reliable inferences about psychological phenomena.</p>

Experimental Evolution in a Warming World: The Omics Era.

A comprehensive understanding of the genetic mechanisms that shape species responses to thermal variation is essential for more accurate predictions of the impacts of climate change on biodiversity. Experimental evolution with high-throughput resequencing approaches (evolve and resequence) is a highly effective tool that has been increasingly employed to elucidate the genetic basis of adaptation. The number of thermal evolve and resequence studies is rising, yet there is a dearth of efforts to integrate this new wealth of knowledge. Here, we review this literature showing how these studies have contributed to increase our understanding on the genetic basis of thermal adaptation. We identify two major trends: highly polygenic basis of thermal adaptation and general lack of consistency in candidate targets of selection between studies. These findings indicate that the adaptive responses to specific environments are rather independent. A review of the literature reveals several gaps in the existing research. Firstly, there is a paucity of studies done with organisms of diverse taxa. Secondly, there is a need to apply more dynamic and ecologically relevant thermal environments. Thirdly, there is a lack of studies that integrate genomic changes with changes in life history and behavioral traits. Addressing these issues would allow a more in-depth understanding of the relationship between genotype and phenotype. We highlight key methodological aspects that can address some of the limitations and omissions identified. These include the need for greater standardization of methodologies and the utilization of new technologies focusing on the integration of genomic and phenotypic variation in the context of thermal adaptation.

Exploring Basalt: A Methodological Framework for Analysing Wear Traces on Basalt Tools

Basalt is a widely used raw material for tool manufacture at prehistoric sites, but a unified methodology for assessing how hominfins used basalt in prehistory is lacking. A comprehensive experimental investigation of basalt tools is, thus, necessary to establish a reliable methodological framework that can be used to explore the functional properties of archaeological basalt assemblages.The aim of this study is to contribute to the development of a methodological framework for the analysis of use-wear on basalt tools. Basalt, characterised by its distinct mechanical and structural properties and unique response to mechanical stress, requires specialised treatment and investigation.To address this, our basalt varieties were characterised using SEM–EDS analysis. Sequential experiments were conducted, using the experimental basalt tools in different activities, including butchery, hide, bone and woodworking to determine use-wear formation patterns. Subsequentially, various analytical tools, including optical and scanning electron microscopes, were used to analyse macro- and micro-wear traces on basalt.Our results provide useful information on methodological aspects of use-wear formation on basalt. The inclusion of detailed cleaning and experimental protocols enhanced the robustness of our methodology. Furthermore, the combined utilisation of various microscopes enabled to compile a comprehensive and complementary information on such a complex raw material such as basalt and to characterise thoroughly the diagnostic features of the micro-wear traces (e.g. edge damage, rounding, polish).

Deep Diving Into the Cardiovascular Health Paradox: A Journey Towards Personalized Prevention.

The Life's Simple 7 score (LS7) promotes cardiovascular health (CVH). Despite this, some with optimal LS7 develop cardiovascular disease (CVD), while others with poor CVH do not, termed the "CVH paradox." This paper explores pathways explaining this paradox. We examined methodological aspects: 1) misclassification bias in self-reported lifestyle factors (smoking, physical activity, diet); 2) cumulative exposure to risk factors over a lifetime, impacting the CVH paradox. Punctual risk factor assessments are suboptimal for predicting outcomes. We proposed personalized prevention using "novel" elements to refine CVH assessment: 1) subclinical vascular disease markers, 2) metabolic biomarkers in blood and urine, 3) emerging risk factors, 4) polygenic risk scores (PRS), 5) epigenetics, and 6) the exposome. Addressing the CVH paradox requires a multifaceted approach, reducing misclassification bias, considering cumulative risk exposure, and incorporating novel personalized prevention elements. A holistic, individualized approach to CVH assessment and CVD prevention can better reduce cardiovascular outcomes and improve population health. Collaboration among researchers, healthcare providers, policymakers, and communities is essential for effective implementation and realization of these strategies.